Genitive  case  genitive case

• ABSOLUTE GENITIVE независимый родительный The Genitive used without its head noun, e.g. The butcher’s is next. Alternative term: independent genitive.

• GROUP GENITIVE групповой родительный The use of the ‘s inflection with a phrase, e.g. Lucy and Dick’s aunt.

• LOCATIVE ['lOkqtiv] GENITIVE локатив, местный родительный A Genitive case form indicating the location at which an action takes place, e.g. at the dentist’s.

• OBJECTIVE [qb'Gektiv] GENITIVE родительный объекта The Genitive case form transformationally related to the object of the sentence, e.g. the murderer's arrest.

• PARTITIVE ['pRtitiv] GENITIVE партитив, количественный родительный The use of the Genitive case in the meaning 'one of many', e.g. a friend of my brother's.

• SUBJECTIVE [sqb'Gektiv] GENITIVE родительный деятеля The Genitive case form transformationally related to the subject of the sentence, e.g. Ann’s sorrow.

Gerund  non-finite

GERUNDIAL CONSTRUCTION  CONSTRUCTION  PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTION

GOVERN (v) управлять То determine the morphological form of a word, e.g. a preposition can govern the Objective case form of a personal pronoun – ‘to her’.

GOVERNMENT (n) управление The determination of the morphological form of one word by another word.

GRAMMAR (n) грамматика In its widest sense, the term ‘grammar’ refers to generalized statements of the regularities and irregularities in language.

GRAMMATICAL MEANING грамматическое значение The meaning which indicates the formal relationship between words in a sentence or phrase.

H

HALF-GERUND (n) полугерундий An ‘-ing’ form preceded by a personal noun in the common case or a personal pronoun in the objective case which is intermediate between participle I and the gerund, e.g. I rely on Jack (him) doing it on time. Alternative term: merged participle.

HEAD (n) ведущий компонент A word which is syntactically dominant in a group and could have the same syntactic function as the whole group if it stood alone, e.g. incredibly beautiful.

HISTORIC(AL) PRESENT  DRAMATIC PRESENT (2)

HOMOGENEOUS ["hOmq'GJnjqs] (adj) однородный Of the same structural type.

HOMONYM ['hOmqnIm] (n) омоним One of two or more words which are identical in sound, but different in meaning, e.g. ‘rest’ = remainder, ‘rest’ = to relax.

I

IMPERATIVE [Im'perqtiv] (n) императив, повелительное наклонение A  mood form of the verb expressing a command, e.g. Stand up!

IMPERSONAL (adj) безличный With no reference to a particular subject, e.g. It is freezing.

IMPLICIT [Im'plisit] (adj) имплицитный, подразумеваемый Implied though not expressed formally, e.g. in ‘I would go there’ the condition is implicit.

INANIMATE [In'xnImqt] NOUN неодушевленное существительное A noun denoting a lifeless object, e.g. room, idea.

Indefinite article  article

Indefinite personal subject  subject

INDEFINITE PRONOUN неопределенное местоимение A pronoun which does not refer to a definite person or thing, e.g. anybody, everything.

INDEPENDENT ELEMENT независимый элемент предложения A word or phrase, usually an  interjection оr  exclamation, which has no grammatical connection with the rest of the sentence in which it functions, e.g. Well, what about it?

INDICATIVE [In'dikqtiv] (n) индикатив, изъявительное наклонение A  mood form of the verb stating a fact, e.g. He reads much.

INDIRECT SPEECH косвенная речь The paraphrasing of an utterance without quoting verbatim the actual words used by the original speaker. Alternative term: reported speech.

INFINITIVE (n) инфинитив A form of the verb which is not limited by  -person,  number or  tense; the form usually listed in dictionaries, e.g. To see is to believe.

• BARE INFINITIVE инфинитив без частицы An infinitive standing alone, without the particle ‘to’.

• INDEFINITE INFINITIVE неопределенная форма инфинитива А non-perfect, non-continuous, non-passive infinitive, e.g. to write.

• SPLIT INFINITIVE расщепленный инфинитив A construction in which an  adverbial or other  adjunct is embedded between the two parts of an infinitive, e.g. She was told to regularly attend classes.

• ‘TO’-INFINITIVE инфинитив с частицей tо, e.g. to think.

INFLECTION (n) флексия, окончание An affix added to the root of a word to determine and limit its grammatical significance, e.g. the plural morpheme 's' (hats), tense morphemes: look - looked. Alternative term: ending.

‘ING’ FORM инговая форма A name given by some grammarians to the gerund and participle I.

INSTRUMENTAL [Instru'mentl] (n) творительный падеж A case form in some inflected languages denoting the agent or the origin of an action.

INTENSIFIER (n) усилитель An  adverbial of degree which intensifies the meaning of a word, e.g. extremely lucky.

INTERJECTION [Intq'ZekSn] (n) междометие An indeclinable word which has no syntactic relationship with other forms, and which is used in an exclamation to express emotion, e.g. Ugh!; Bother!

INTERROGATIVE ["Intq'rOgativ] SENTENCE вопросительное предложение A sentence type which is one way of expressing a question, e.g. Are you going?

INTRANSITIVE [In'trxnsitiv] VERB непереходный глагол A verb which makes complete sense on its own without an  object, e.g. Time elapsed.

INTRODUCTORY = ANTICIPATORY