Модальні дієслова can, could. Портрет олівцем

Ex. 1. Продивіться текст «Pencil Portrait» та випишіть незнайомі слова.

Ex. 2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст:

Pencil Portrait

Pencil Portrait of a Young Girl

Our Pencil Portrait lesson explains and illustrates the step by step drawing techniques involved in creating the above portrait of a young girl.

The general proportions of a head that we outlined on previous pages are ideal for drawing realistic heads from your imagination. They are also a good reference if you feel that you are making major errors in your portraits.

However, when you draw a portrait from life, a more accurate approach to drawing is needed. You need to record the subtle variations of the features which make that individual's face unique. Such an approach was used to build our pencil portrait above.

There are three basic stages in the creation of this image:

1. Using line drawing to organise the position, shape and proportion of the features.

2. Using softly shaded tone to create the form and texture of each feature.

3. Using larger areas of tone to unite all the elements of the portrait.

Establishing the basic features

Most artists make the greatest number of changes at the start of a drawing. Therefore it is important to draw lightly at first, as lightly drawn lines are easier to erase.

You begin a portrait with the eyes as they are the main focal point. Take care where you choose to position them on the page as this will affect the overall balance of the portrait. Mouse over the image above and you will see that right eye is situated on the vertical centre of the page. This is a strong compositional starting point for a three quarter view portrait.

The size and position of the other features are directly related to the scale and placement of the eyes.

If you get the correct relationship between the eyes, nose and mouth, you will end up with a good likeness.

Building the outline of the portrait

The next step is discover the size of the head by establishing the distances between the eyes and the top of the head and the eyes and the chin. Note that these measurements should be similar.

The main features are then framed by the outline of the face and hair, while the neck and shoulders form an angular support for the head. The hairline on the right side of the face creates a sweeping curve as it meets the neckline of the t-shirt. This movement builds a strong visual link between the head and shoulders.

At this stage, the drawing is no more than a set of carefully measured features that establish the final proportions of the portrait.

Building detail in line

The final stage of the line drawing in this portrait is to sketch some of the detail in the hair and the folds on the t-shirt.

The lines of detail in the hair should follow the direction and shape of the locks as they split into different strands. They should be drawn quickly and forcefully to give a natural rhythm and vitality to the shape of the hair.

The folds in the t-shirt help to emphasise the form and angle of the shoulders. They should be gentle and uncomplicated curves that do not distract your attention from the rest of the portrait.

Ex. 3. Складіть п’ять запитань до тексту «Pencil Portrait».

Ex. 4. Складіть діалог за даною темою.

Ex.5. Перекладіть речення, використовуючи модальні дієслова:

• Вона вміла кататися на ковзанах дуже добре.

• Ви зможе допомогти мені завтра?

• Ось тепер ти можеш відпочити.

• Учні повинні читати англійські книжки.

• Можна мені зайти?

Ex. 6.Заповніть пропуски модальними дієсловами:

can, may, could

1. Peter ….. make a shelf.

2. He ….. buy the ticket beforehand.

3. ….. I take your book?

4. Ann ….. go there yesterday.

5. Our pupils ….. read and speak English.

6. He ….. buy such a TV set at the department store.

7. I ….. show you the way to the park.

8. ….. you speak English three years ago?

9. He ….. borrow this book at our school library.

10. ….. you speak German?

11. They ….. go there by train.

12. She ….. not hear one of the questions in the noise.

13. ….. your mother speak English?

14. I ….. prepare the report but I didn’t do it.

15. I ….. find him at home only in the evening.

16. Which of your friends ….. play tennis?

17. They ….. help him but they didn’t do it.

18. We ….. occupy this room.

19. Where ….. you see the films?

20. She ….. buy this book but she didn’t do it.

21. He ….. stay away from school.

22. Where ….. you buy books?

23. She ….. write a good composition but she didn’t do it.

24. The tourists ….. spend the night in the camp.

25. How ….. you get to school?

26. You ….. seen these documents.

27. You ..... send me a telegram but you didn’t do it.

28. What poems ….. you recite?

29. She ….. pass her examination in physics but she failed.

30. She ….. work in the laboratory.

Домашнє завдання:

Ex. 1. Вивчити новий лексичний матеріал.

Ex.7. Контрольне читання і переклад уривку тексту «Pencil Portrait».

Ex. 8. Заповніть пропуски модальними дієсловами: can, may, could

1. Our football players ….. win the match but they lost it.

2. The pupils ….. go home.

3. “I ….. not hear a word”, said Madge.

4. You ….. give me a ring, if you needed me.

5. I ….. be present at the meeting.

6. You ….. both talk about Edward Driffield, but I shall be able to go away when I’m fed up with you.

7. Mother said to her son, “You …..go to the cinema.”

8. I ….. not find him. Nobody’ll ever tell me where he is.

9. I ….. not take this seriously; it was impossible.

10. They ….. not stand each other.

11. The doctor said to the sick man, “You ….. go out.”

12. So you ….. just imagine hoe embarrassing it all is.

13. It’s just a matter of how fast I ….. type.

14. But I ….. see Anna wasn’t really listening to my replies.

15. The girl said to her friend, “You ….. work in my room.”

Питання для самоконтролю:

1. What are three basic stages in the creation of pencil portrait do you know?

2. When do you use could?

Unit 22. Modal verbs: should, might. Painting Portrait