The Future Perfect Tense

shall, will have + III форма основного глагола

Обозначает действие, которое завершится до начала другого действия (или момента) в будущем.

E. g. 1. Peter will have learnt English before he goes to England. (Сначала Петр выучит английский – will have learnt, а потом поедет в Англию)

2. I shall have finished my work by the evening. (by the evening = before the evening comes) Я закончу работу к вечеру (до того, как вечер наступит).

Exercises

I. Combine these two sentences and use the Past Perfect in one part.

1. Tom studied French. He went to Paris.

2. We got to the cinema. The film began.

3. John ate all the cakes. Alice arrived home.

4. The students gathered. The teacher came into the classroom.

5. I returned home. It was evening.

6. We made the test. It was five o’clock.

7. My sister made coffee. She told us about it.

8. My friends were at the theatre. I knew it.

2. Put the verbs into the Future Perfect and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. By half past seven we (to have) supper.

2. By the end of the year I (to learn) English.

3. I (to finish) this work before you leave.

4. By this time next week you (to pass) your examination.

5. When we see you next week we (to buy) a new car.

6. Before I see you again I (to go) to Paris.

7. I hope you (not to forget) all about the Future Perfect tense by the next lesson.

3. Translate into English.

1. Я был вчера за городом и встретил там друзей. Он сказали, что только что вернулись из Москвы.

2. К двум часам все уже знали об этой новости.

3. К концу следующей недели мы встретимся.

4. Я поеду на Кавказ на следующей неделе.

5. Мама сказала, что приготовила обед.

6. Я прочитал эту статью до того, как ты пришла.

7. Я закончил работу к девяти часам.

8. Я позвоню вам до вашего ухода (до того, как вы уйдете).

9. Я с удовольствием (with pleasure) прочитал эту книгу. Вот она (Here it is).

10. - Посмотри, я купила новое платье. Тебе нравится оно?

- Да. А когда ты его купила?

- Я приобрела его до того, как съездила в Москву.

Unit 6

Text: The Russian Federation

Grammar: The Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

Read the text:

The russian federation

I am a citizen of the Russian Federation or Russia. The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about 1/7 (one seventh) of the Earth surface. The country is situated in Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. Its total area is over 17 million square km.

Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of three oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders on fourteen countries. It also has a sea-border with the USA.

There is hardly a country in the world where such a great variety of flora and fauna can be found as in our land. Our country has numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts. The highest mountains in our land are the Altai, the Urals and the Caucasus. There are over two thousands rivers in the Russian Federation. The longest of them are the Volga, the Ob, the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur. Our land is also rich in various lakes with the deepest lake in the world, the Baikal, included.

On the Russian territory there are 11 time zones. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and moderate to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals.

The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is over 140 million people.

Moscow is the capital of our Homeland. It is the largest political scientific, cultural and industrial center of the country and one of the most beautiful cities. Russian is the official language of the state. The national symbols of the Russian Federation are a double headed eagle and a white-blue-red banner.

The Russian Federation is a constitutional republic headed by the President, the country government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The President controls only the executive branch — the government, but not the Supreme Court and Federal Assembly.

The legislative power belongs to the Federal Assembly comprising two chambers: the Council of Federation (upper Chamber) and the State Duma (lower Chamber). Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. The executive power belongs to the government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts.

Our country has a multiparty system. The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations irrespective of their political and social systems.

I am proud of being a citizen of Russia.

Answer the questions.

1. Is Russia the largest country in the world?

2. What oceans wash the borders of Russian Federation?

3. How many countries have borders with Russia?

4. Are Russian flora and fauna various?

5. What are the highest mountains in Russia?

6. What is Lake Baikal famous for?

7. What is the climate in Russia like?

8. What are the national symbols of Russia?

9. What does the Federal Assembly consist of?

10. What do we call the head of each Chamber of the Federal Assembly?