- •Psychological Criteria and Mechanisms of Seafarers’ Professional Reliability Psychological criteria of professional reliability.
- •Вопрос 1. Психологические критерии профессио-нальной надежности моряков. Ошибки оператора и их последствия. Этапы психологического обес-печения надежности.
- •Stages of Psychological training
- •Вопрос 3 Факторы, влияющие на самоконтроль человека. Самоконтроль как средство предотвращения ошибочных действий. Factors Influencing Self-Control
- •3. Adaptation to professional activity at sea.
- •4. Regular professional activity.
- •Вопрос 2 Психологический механизм профессиональной надежности моряков. Самоконтроль и его формы.
- •2. Psychological Mechanisms of Reliability: Self-Control
- •Forms of Self-Control
- •Emotions, Self-control & Traits of Character
- •Self – Control and Mistakes
- •Conclusions:
- •Relative Social Isolation (rsi) & Its Consequences for Ships’ Crews
- •1. Относительная социальная изоляция (оси) и ее воздействие на экипаж. Факторы среды и факторы социально-психологического порядка (депривации). Виды депривации.
- •Factors of environment:
- •Psychosocial factors: deprivations
- •2. Специфика социальных контактов в условиях оси. Особенности психологической совместимости партнеров по общению, избирательность социальных контактов в экипаже Reduction of social contacts
- •3. Специфика межличностных отношений в экипаже в условиях оси в течение длительного рейса. Long voyages: behaviour dynamics of
- •Негативная динамика социальной перцепции в экипаже в условиях оси. Возникновение конфликтов.
- •Conflicts
- •Conclusion
- •Distinctive features of adaptation to the "combined" work and rest
2. Специфика социальных контактов в условиях оси. Особенности психологической совместимости партнеров по общению, избирательность социальных контактов в экипаже Reduction of social contacts
The narrowness of interpersonal contacts with the same persons makes communication forced (принудительный).
A private life of each person on board procceds before all crew members’ eyes, "publicity " of feelings, inevitability of violation of privacy, invasion into "territorial waters" of each other makes the person look for means of psychological defence (психологическая защита).
The way out (выход из ситуации): self-isolation, signs of autism* (['ɔːtɪz(ə)m] – “уход в себя”)
*Autism is a mental condition (психич. состояние) characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people.
Contradiction ( противоречие):
on the one hand, on board the ship a person suffers from deficiency of communication, and
on the other hand, he seeks for restriction of the mo’notonous, forced contacts (одноообразные, вынужденные контакты ).
Risk factor
Extra risk & responsibility for the ship’s safety even more strengthens crew members' state of tension and uneasiness (состояние напряженности и тревожности).
Psychological compatibility ([kəmˌpætə'bɪlətɪ] совместимость) of Crewmembers at Sea
Selectivity (избирательность) is the quality of carefully choosing someone as the best or most suitable. Selectivity of interpersonal relations increases in the crew.
"Psychological compatibility" in the crew is not identical to the concept of "emotional proximity"(эмоциональная близость) of crewmembers.
The hierarchy (['haɪərɑːkɪ] - иерархия) of personality traits (личностные качества человека) for compatibility and ability to work effectively here has its own specifics. To choose a partner for personal contact, a crew member shows special sensitivity to such personal qualities which can break the guaranteed security of his own "ego"( ['iːgəu] – эго, «я»).
Qualities causing irritation and increase of tension:
importunity (назойливость, навязчивость), open-heartedness (распахнутость чувств), or excessive 'authori'tativeness (чрезмерная авторитарность)
Qualities which are welcomed in the partner:
conservatism, self-possession (самообладание), restraint (сдержанность), endurance ([ınʹdjʋ(ə)rəns] стойкость, способность терпеть), uncompromising stand (бескомпромиссность).
As it turns out compatible partners in a crew aren't sensitively emotional people; uneasiness (тревожность) and dependence aren't typical to them.
'' If a person doesn’t want to be isolated from communication, he needs to reconsider the developed stereotypes of behavior, to choose the style of relationship corresponding to the established "rules of the game".
Communication which does not concern deep valuable structures of the personality necessary for switching to life ashore allows to keep the main working dominant (общение, которое не затрагивает глубинных ценностных структур личности, необходимых для переключения к жизни на берегу, позволяет сохранить главную рабочую доминанту).
Group isolation conditions do not affect all people equally. It depends on:
age of the person;
length of service on vessels;
education;
position on board;
psychological status, etc.
People with a long record of service on sea-going vessels are characterised by narrowness and specialization of aspirations ([͵æspıʹreıʃ(ə)n] cтремления) and interests, calmness, phlegm ([flem] – флегматичность, хладнокровие), jealous attitude ([ʹdʒeləs] ревностное отношение) to their psychological status, a peculiar emotional conservatism.
Extroverts and people with traits of neurotism bear hard long isolation, than introverts , but the latter bring in a minor tone ([ʹmaınə] минорный тон) in communication, ‘pessimism affecting the general activity (общая активность) of group.