- •Psychological Criteria and Mechanisms of Seafarers’ Professional Reliability Psychological criteria of professional reliability.
- •Вопрос 1. Психологические критерии профессио-нальной надежности моряков. Ошибки оператора и их последствия. Этапы психологического обес-печения надежности.
- •Stages of Psychological training
- •Вопрос 3 Факторы, влияющие на самоконтроль человека. Самоконтроль как средство предотвращения ошибочных действий. Factors Influencing Self-Control
- •3. Adaptation to professional activity at sea.
- •4. Regular professional activity.
- •Вопрос 2 Психологический механизм профессиональной надежности моряков. Самоконтроль и его формы.
- •2. Psychological Mechanisms of Reliability: Self-Control
- •Forms of Self-Control
- •Emotions, Self-control & Traits of Character
- •Self – Control and Mistakes
- •Conclusions:
- •Relative Social Isolation (rsi) & Its Consequences for Ships’ Crews
- •1. Относительная социальная изоляция (оси) и ее воздействие на экипаж. Факторы среды и факторы социально-психологического порядка (депривации). Виды депривации.
- •Factors of environment:
- •Psychosocial factors: deprivations
- •2. Специфика социальных контактов в условиях оси. Особенности психологической совместимости партнеров по общению, избирательность социальных контактов в экипаже Reduction of social contacts
- •3. Специфика межличностных отношений в экипаже в условиях оси в течение длительного рейса. Long voyages: behaviour dynamics of
- •Негативная динамика социальной перцепции в экипаже в условиях оси. Возникновение конфликтов.
- •Conflicts
- •Conclusion
- •Distinctive features of adaptation to the "combined" work and rest
Conclusion
Сonditions of deprivation during group isolation are a strong stress factor negatively influencing psychological health of crewmembers, their performance and interpersonal communication.
Favourable psychological climate in the crew is an important factor helping crew members to endure the conditions of group isolation and influence of negative psychogenic factors, to maintain high working capacity.
In this respect major direction in ship’s officers' activity is creation of favorable 'moral and psychological climate, maintenance of the harmonious interpersonal relations onboard and organization of professional activity without frictions (без трений) and conflicts.
5. Адаптация человека к условиям профессиональной деятельности. Особенности адаптации членов экипажа к «совмещенным» сферам труда и отдыха на борту судна, к повышенной плотности коммуникации.
Adaptation
If you adapt to a new situation or environment, you change your ideas or behaviour in order to deal with it successfully. So every representative of any profession has to adapt to his/her place of work. These are technological adaptation (to "physical" conditions of the enterprise, technological process) and psychosocial adaptation – (to the personnel, group).
However for representatives of the majority of enterprises this process applies only to one sphere – professional activity, it does not apply to their private or public life.
But a seafarer’s work is a not only professional activity, but also activity of the person within autonomous technical system – a vessel; a person stays here round-the-clock.
Therefore adaptation of crews to working conditions is twice more difficult, than of representatives of many other professions. First, special working conditions (continuous influence of macro ([mækrə(ʋ)]) - and microenvironment factors, influence of extreme factors) complicate adaptation to production and technological processes; secondly, overlapping ([͵əʋvəʹlæpıŋ]) частичное совпадение) of professional activity and life activity increases requirements to psychosocial adaptation.
Special character of working conditions, besides, leads to two consequences:
• First, to аuthoritarian ([ɔ:͵θɒrıʹte(ə)rıən] авторитарный) style of crew management on board vessels. It is connected not only with the system of the relations provided by the charter (устав). Psychological researches show that in extreme conditions under low extent of control over environment (в условиях низкого контроля над окружающей средой) the most successful leaders are authoritarian; they strengthen their power and their influence, demand obedience ([əʹbi:dıəns]) from subordinates (требуют повиновения от подчиненных). In other words, conditions of work at sea with periodically arising extreme situations promote authoritarian style of crew management.
• Second. To perform their duties effectively the crews are required to be much more cohesive ([kəu'hiːsɪv] сплоченный) and to have the necessary team skills, than in other working groups. That sets bigger demands to ability of each crewmember to psychosocial (социально-психологической) adaptation.