- •3. Match the words or notions with their definitions.
- •2.Read and retell the text.
- •Initial Definitions
- •3. Put the sentences in the correct order according to the text.
- •4. Choose the correct answer.
- •3. Say whether the statements are true or false.
- •4.Choose the correct answer.
- •5. Answer the following questions.
- •6. Memorize the dialogues and perform them in pairs.
- •7. Now try to tell the gist of the text in 5-6 sentences. Use the questions from Ex. 5 to help you.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read the text, study it. Find in the text examples to illustrate difference between key notions: heat and work.
- •It is impossible to construct an engine that will work in a complete cycle and produce no other effect except the raising of a weight and the cooling of a reservoir.
- •3. You. Are to add to the diagram the necessary information.
- •4. Match the words with their definitions.
- •5. Make up sentences.
- •7. Answer the following questions.
- •8. Ask the given sentence as many questions as possible.
- •9. Translate the sentences into English.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read the text, study it Find in the text examples to illustrate difference between key notions: heat and work.
- •3. Complete the sentences.
- •Write down as many questions to the given sentences as possible.
- •Say if the statements are true or false;
- •Heat and work:
- •3. Try to explain the meaning of the given words using the information you’ve learnt from the text.
- •4. Solve the crossword puzzle.
- •5. Say whether the statements are true or false.
- •6. Fill in the blanks with the missing words.
- •Read the dialogues and dramatize them in pairs.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and retell the text.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Explain the difference between heating systems. Fill in the table.
- •5. Complete the following sentences using the english equivalents instead of the Ukrainian words and word-combinations.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and retell the text.
- •3. Make up sentences with given words:
- •4.Complete the following sentences.
- •6. Supply questions to these sentences.
- •7. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the given words.
- •8. Read and translate the dialogue.
- •2. Read the text. Find the difference between these two systems of ventilation.
- •Vacuum Ventilation.
- •3. Fill in the blank with the necessary words and word-combinations.
- •4. Try to retell the gist of the text in 5-7 sentences.
- •5. Explain the difference between artificial, vacuum and plenum ventilation.
- •6. Answer the questions:
- •2. Read (he text, study it. Pay attention to new words.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •5.Choose the correct answer:
- •6. Read and translate the dialogue..
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text and information in the table.
- •3 .Answer the questions:
- •4. Try to explain the meaning of the given heating methods using the information you’ve learnt from the text:
- •5. Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •Ventilation and water heating
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •Ventilation and water heating
- •7. Try to explain how building byelaws applied to ventilation.
- •1.Memorize the following words and expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •7. Make up the plan according to the text.
- •1. Memorize the following words and expressions.
- •2. Read and translate the text.
- •3. Answer the questions :
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. Ask 4 types of the questions to the sentence:
- •6. Fill in the gaps using the necessary words:
- •1. Read and memorize following words and expressions:
- •2. Read, translate and study the text:
- •2.Scan for the details and circle the correct letter.
- •3.Choosc the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Ask 4 types of the questions to the sentences:
- •4.Choose the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •Complete the following sentences.
- •4. Make up 5 sentences using following words:
- •5. Make up the plan according to the text, not less than 10 items.
- •6. Fill in the table . Pay attention to the types of the boilers and explain the difference between them.
- •7. Answer the questions to the text:
- •1. Read the text and try to understand the main idea:
- •3. Complete the following sentences:
- •4.Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •5.Choose the correct answer:
- •1.Read and translate the text.
- •2. Make the translation of Steam Turbines classifications .
- •3. Answer the questions of the text:
- •4. Is it true or false?
- •6. Make un 5 sentences with following words:
- •7.Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue.
- •7. Fill in the table.
- •1.Read and translate the text.
- •2.Make the difference between the types of the turbines.
- •3.Ask questions to the sentences.
- •4.Complete the sentences.
- •5. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •6.Answer the following questions:
- •7. Choose the words from the box to complete sentences.
- •Unit 26
- •2. Read and translate the abstract.
- •3. Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the word-combinations:
- •4.Use the words from Ex. 3 and make up sentences with them.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •1. Read and memorize the following expressions:
- •2. Read and translate the text:
- •3. Answer the questions:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with the missing words:
- •5. Agree or disagree with the statements:
- •4.Complete the sentences. Choose the correct word from the brackets:
- •3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Indirect systems
5. Make up sentences.
Transition, heat, in, represent, work, energy, and.
Energy, heat, is, as, result, the, difference, a, of, transferred, temperature.
1903, in, Max Planck, was, the, law, second, of, described, by, Thermodynamics.
6.Complete the following sentences.
Work is the transfer of energy...
Heat is energy transferred...
Heat can be transferred...
The Second Law of Thermodynamics denies...
It is impossible to construct an engine...
The second law says that...
7. Answer the following questions.
What is the main difference between heat and work?
How do they work?
What peculiarities have you noticed?
8. Ask the given sentence as many questions as possible.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics was described by Max Planck in 1903.
9. Translate the sentences into English.
Робота - це передача енергії, яке є результатом дії сили через відстань.
Тепло - енергія, яка передається в результаті різниці температури.
Тепло може бути передане у або з системи, а робота може бути зроблена над системою, або самою системою, але система не може містити або зберігати тепло чи роботу.
Другий закон термодинаміки був описаний Максом Планком у 1903 році.
Енергія не була втрачена, але замість того вона була передана від одного блоку до іншого.
Unit 5
HEAT AND WORK
1. Memorize the following words and expressions:
to reside - знаходитись
paddles - мішалка measurement – вимір
2. Read the text, study it Find in the text examples to illustrate difference between key notions: heat and work.
Heat and Work Example
Heat may be defined as energy in transit from a high temperature object to a lower
temperature object. An object does not possess "heat"; the appropriate term for the microscopic energy in an object is internal energy. The internal energy may be increased by transferring energy to the object from a higher temperature (hotter) object - this is properly called heating.
This example of the interchangeability of heat and work as agents fox- adding energy to a system can help to dispel some misconceptions about heat. In the article by Mark Zemansky entitled "The Use and Misuse of the Word 'Heat' in Physics Teaching" there is one key idea that if you are presented with a high temperature gas, you cannot tell whether it reached that high temperature by being heated, or by having work done on it, or a combination of the two.
To describe the energy that a high temperature object has, it is not a correct use of the word heat to say that the object "possesses heat" - it is better to say that it possesses internal energy as a result of its molecular motion. The word heat is better reserved to describe the process of transfer of energy from a high temperature object to a lower temperature one. Surely you can take an object at low internal energy and raise it to higher internal energy by heating it. But you can also increase its internal energy by doing work on it, and since the internal energy of CONVERSION OF WORK TO IHERMAL ENERGY a high temperature object resides in random motion of the molecules, you can't tell which mechanism was used to give it that energy. The First Law identifies both heat and work as methods of energy transfer which can bring about a change in the internal energy of a system. Heat flow and work are both ways of transferring energy. The temperature of a gas can be raised either by heating it, by doing work on it, or a combination of the two. In a classic experiment in 1843, James Joule showed the energy equivalence of heating and doing work by using the change in potential energy of falling masses to stir an insulated container of water with paddles. Careful measurements showed the increase in the temperature of the water to be proportional to the mechanical energy used to stir the water. At that time calories were the accepted unit of heat and joules became the accepted unit of mechanical energy. Their relationship is.