Seminar 7 Translation of Modal Verbs.

1. Ways and means of expressing modality in English and Ukrainian.

2. Translation of the modal verbs «can», «may», «must», «need».

3. Translation of the modal verbs «ought», «should», «shall», «will», »would».

4. Translation of the modal verbs «to have to», «to be to».

Literature:

1. Карабан В. Переклад англійської наукової і технічної літератури. - Вінниця:2002. - С.47-63.

2. Левицкая Т.Р., Фитерман А.М. Теория и практика перевода с английского языка на русский. - М:1973. - С.58-59.

3. Zrazhevskaya T.A., Gouskova T.I. Translation from English into Russian: Mastering the Techniques. M:1986. - P.74-89.

4. Korunets I.V. Theory and Practice of Translation. - New book: 2003. - P.308-343.

Assignments for Self-Training.

Translation of scientific texts.

(Методичні вказівки з теорії та практики перекладу до самостійної роботи студентів IV курсу факультету іноземних мов. Тема 7)

Exercise .

Ex.1. Translate the following sentences with the modal verb can.

1. He was not at all good-looking but his great ugly face bore an expression of such good nature that you could but be somewhat taken by him. 2. He could not fail to be moved when, in that gentle way of hers, she told him that it was a scandal that his exquisite work remained known only in the narrow circle. 3. Rice seems well aware that American activism can generate an anti-American backlash around the world, but she also knows that there is no alternative, especially after 9-11.

Ex.2. Translate the following sentences with the modal verb may.

1. The Leader of the Opposition may feel himself to have been silenced. 2. They may not like everything he’s doing, but they’ll be ready to forgive him. 3. He might find his job too much for one man, but nevertheless he liked it. He might be a simple soldier but he had considerable talent for survival. 4. It appears that the total activity in the economy of Britain may not have increased very much, if at all.

Ex.3. Translate the following sentences with the modal verb must.

1. These Owens must be rolling in money. 2. The hard fact must be faced that if we want a national opera and ballet company, subsidies are necessary, and on a bigger scale than at present. 3. The next few years are crucial, because it is during this same period that a constitution must be written, power sharing must begin, courts must be established and important policy decisions about oil and rebuilding must be taken.

Ex.4. Translate the following sentences with the modal verb ought.

1. «We ought to look at the person to whom we are speaking, you know», added the Headmaster. 2. You ought to have a year at least to see the world. 3. «Great Day,» said Max slowly. Then, sternly, he added, «A man who’d do a thing like that ought to be shot». 4. There are people who cannot read «Tom Jones». It bores them. Now it is no good saying that they ought to like it. There is no «ought» about that matter. You read a novel for its entertainment, and, if it does not give you that, it has nothing to give you at all.

Ex. 5. Translate the following sentences with the modal verbs shall, will.

1. Some education authorities have decided that eventually all the schools in their area shall be comprehensive. 2. Everyone can add something to knowledge if he will make use of the opportunities richly offered by Nature. 3. Well, I wish it could come all over again. Tell me how I can serve you. I will do anything you say to wipe out my mistake. 4. None of your foul language here, Captain, if you please. I may have married a common sailor but I will be treated like a lady. 5. I shall act and I shall act promptly. If the tree is rotten it shall be cut down and cast into flames.

Ex. 6. Translate the following sentences with the modal verb to have.

1. He didn’t mean this to be a long meeting. He was irritated at having to hold it at all. 2. No politician in his senses would want him as an ally, much less as a colleague, least of all Roger, who had to avoid all rows except the big ones. 3.”She has to deliver a clear message, make the public understand the difficulties and prove she is in control,” says Felipe Miranda, the research director for Pulse Asia. 4. I had to overcome psychologically the fact that it was going to be in front of 1,300 people every night, talking in a language that’s not mine and doing something I’ve never done before.

Ex. 7. Translate the following sentences with the modal verb to be.

1. When Arthur went back to work in the afternoon he needed only four hundred cylinders to complete his daily stint. If he cared he could slow down, but he was unable to take it easy until every cylinder lay clean and finished in the box at his lathe, unwilling to drop off the speed while work was yet to be done. 2. The delegation was to have left Paris on Tuesday. 3. Dickens accepted a contract to write another novel “Oliver Twist”, and started it while he was still at work on “The Pickwick Papers”. This also was to appear in monthly numbers, and he devoted a fortnight to one and a fortnight to the other. 4. According to this method of language teaching words were to be used in sentences and not in isolation, since the sentence was considered the basic unit of speech. Sentences were not to be disconnected; they were to be used in contexts along with other sentences all of which dealt with the subjects of interest to the learners. New material was to be taught through gestures and pictures and through the words already known. Reading was to be introduced later. Any knowledge of grammar was to be acquired inductively through the study of texts.5. A luxury hotel for dogs is to be open at Lima, Peru, a city of 30,000 dogs. The furry guests will have separate hygienic kennels, top medical care and high standard cuisine, including the best bones. Also on hand at the “dogotel” – trees.

Ex. 8. Translate the following sentences with the modal verbs followed by the Perfect Infinitive.

1. “My God,” I said, in bitterness, “we might have been spared this”. 2. “Did you do yourself harm? That last night?” I put in. “I may have done. The trouble was I couldn’t do anything else”. 3. His face, but for the lips sucking at his pipe, might have been made of a well-colored wood. 4. One night when Miss Murdstone had been developing certain household plans to hr brother, of which he signified his approbation, my mother suddenly began to cry, and said she thought she might have been consulted. 5. Could anyone else have done better than he had done? Could he have avoided the mistakes that he had done? 6. What can have happened to change him so much? 7. The State Secretary could not possibly have left for Canada.8. You must have learned a little from your observation, mustn’t you? 9. The bus stopped abruptly. The driver, in French this time, said that the sand must have clogged the carburetor. 10. It was rush hour, but the gentle-hearted policeman must have seen a potential maniac in me. He held back the savage traffic and got me through and directed me with great care. 11. I was thinking angrily of Roger. He should have broken the news himself. I was wondering just how I could have done it better. One thing was clear: I could hardly have done it worse.

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