- •What forms does the English verb have (sets of forms)? What is the difference in these forms?
- •How may the verbs be subdivided into in accordance with their lexical meaning? Give their definitions.
- •What do dynamic and stative verbs denote? What are terminative and non-terminative verbs? What are transitive and intransitive verbs?
- •What grammatical categories do the finite forms of the verb have? What are they? What are synthetic and analytical forms?
- •What factors govern the choice between aspect forms?
- •What are the main restrictions to the use of passive constructions?
- •What is the difference in the indication of a posterior event by a common form or a continuous form?
- •14. When is a perfect form not used?
- •15. What is the “Stative Passive”? Give examples.
- •16. What is the difference in presentation of the event by the constructions “used to do” and “would do”?
- •18. Troublesome verbs
- •19. What is the “Sequence of Tenses”?
- •20. Direct and indirect speech.
- •21. What nouns are called countable and uncountable?
- •22. What groups of concrete nouns do you know?
- •23. What groups of uncountable nouns do you know?
- •25. Irregular plural noun.
- •26. What nouns can be countable or uncountable depending upon their meaning in the context?
- •27 What cases deoes the English noun have? Do these cases have endings?
- •28 What is the genetive case? How is it formed?
- •29 What nouns can be used in the genetive case?
- •30 What are “participial adjectives”?
- •31 What adjectives have degree of comparison and how are they formed?
- •32 In what cases do adjectives follow nouns they refer to?
- •38 Comparative constructions.
- •39 Substantivized adjectives.
- •Adjectives after verbs.
- •What morphological characteristics do adverbs have?
- •What adverbs form degrees of comparison synthetically?
- •What adverbs form degrees of comparison analytically?
- •Word order – adverbs with a verb.
- •Forms of “other”.
- •Expressions of quantity.
- •What pronouns have a conjoint form and an absolute form?
- •53 What pronouns are used to form emphatic constructions?
- •54 What pronouns are used to specify objects from the point of vew of their number or quantity?
- •55 What pronouns would you use to make a statement of a general character?
- •56 What may prepositions indicate?
- •57 How can prepositions be subdivided in accordance with their meaning?
- •63. “For, during and while” – grammatical difference
- •64. Does a noun always co-occur with an article?
- •65. What other noun modifiers are frequent in English?
- •66. What article indicates that the object denoted by the noun is unique or specifically known to the speaker (writer) and the hearer (reader)?
- •67. What is a limiting attribute?
- •68. What groups of nouns are preferably used without articles?
- •69. When can we use the article “a” before words beginning with a vowel?
- •70. When do we use the article “an” before words beginning with a consonant?
- •71. What article do we use when we give a person’s job title or their unique position?
- •72. When can we use the article “the” before the names of particular people?
- •73. When can we use the indefinite article or sometimes “zero article” with a name?
- •74. What articles are traditionally used with proper names denoting individual living beings? What change of meaning of the proper name does the indefinite article indicate?
- •75. What proper names denoting inanimate objects are preferably used without articles or with the definite article?
- •76. The usage of articles with the name of meals.
- •77. What articles do we use with such nouns as: “school, prison, hospital, university, church”?
- •78. What articles should we use for musical instruments?
- •92. Gerundial constructions
- •93. The infinitive. The syntactical and morphological features of the infinitive
- •94. Participial constructions.
- •96. What are the principal grammatical functions of the verbals in the sentence?
- •97. What verbals can be used as subject or object?
- •98. What are the verbs which can be followed by –ing or to with a difference of meaning?
- •99. The use of the “bare infinitive”
- •3) I didn’t know you were in hospital. If I had known I would have gone to
- •When can we omit “if” in conditional sentences?
- •What do “wish sentences” express? How are they formed? How are they translated into Russian?
- •Using like, as if, as though in sentences. What are they followed by in sentences? Is the idea “true” or “untrue”?
- •118. What are the peculiarities of the modal verbs?
- •119. The modal verb “can”
- •120. The modal verb “may”
- •121. The modal verb “must”
- •122. The verb “need”
- •123. The verb “shall”
- •124. The verb “will”
- •125. Look #123.
- •126. Had better It’s time...
- •It’s time...
What are the main restrictions to the use of passive constructions?
The passive construction is impossible with stative verbs
With the verbs “teach”, “ask”, “answer”, “envy” the passive construction will be possible only with its subject denoting a living being
With the verbs “alarm”, “vex”, “irritate”, “distress”, “trouble” (causing a change of emotional state) the predicate will generally express the physical state of the person denoted by the subject and not the action which the person experiences.
Indirect passive constructions and prepositional passive constructions are preferably used with a limited number of verbs (allow, give, offer, grant, promise, refuse, show, pay, agree, arrive, call, depend, look, speak etc.)
What is the difference in the presentation of repeated actions by the continuous form and the common form? Can the continuous form be used with stative verbs? Which of them can be used as progressive verbs with a difference in meaning?
The continuous form is used to denote an action done once. The common form is used to denote a repeated or permanent action.
The continuous form can’t be used with stative verbs.
But some of stative verbs can be used as progressive verbs with a difference in meaning: think, imagine, doubt, forget, want, mean, have, taste, smell, feel, see, look, appear, cost, weigh, be, include.
What is the difference in the indication of a posterior event by a common form or a continuous form?
The continuous form is used to denote an action taking place at a moment (period) exactly indicated. The common form is used to denote an action the time of which is not exactly indicated.
14. When is a perfect form not used?
No perfect form is used to denote an event which has been in progress for some time before another event if these events are denoted by homogeneous predicates and not by predicates used in different clauses.
He walked about the city for some time and returned to his hotel
No perfect form is generally used in a clause of time introduced by the conjunctions “after”, “before”, “till”, “until”, “as soon as”, unless you want to stress the priority of the event denoted by the form in the subordinate clause to the event denoted by the form in the principal clause
After he walked about the city for 2 hours he decided to return to his hotel
No perfect form will be generally used in an object clause if the time of the action expressed by the verb form in this clause is exactly indicated by a date or a clause of time
He said that he met them in 1974.
15. What is the “Stative Passive”? Give examples.
When the passive form is used to describe an existing situation or state it is called the "stative passive." In the stative passive:
no action is taking place; the action happened earlier.
there is no by-phrase.
the past participle functions as an adjective.
Examples:
The door is locked.
The window is broken.
I am interested in Chinese art
Ann is married to Alex
I’m lost.
I’m finished with my work.
Prepositions other than by can follow stative passive verbs (as in ex. 3, 4). Examples 5, 6 are examples of idiomatic usage of the passive form in common, everyday English. These sentences have no equivalent active sentences.