3. Try to put these words in the right order and make a sentence.

1. The term CIM includes/ the process even further / CADCAM but takes.

2. Dimensions can be calculated easily/ different parts of the structure can be shown / and the forces acting on.

3. Computers can also simulate/ that the best can be put into practice / different assembly methods so.

4. The definitions of the words are given. Try to guess these words.

fault	to fall or cause to fall with force, breaking in pieces with a loud noise as of solid objects smashing
crash	a mistake or error
distribution	to reproduce the conditions of (a situation, etc.), as in carrying out an experiment
supply	the process of physically satisfying the demand for goods and services
simulate	to provide for adequately; make good; satisfy

13 Telecommunications

1. Read and memorize the following words:

smooth running	плавний хід	interference	перешкода
information flow	потік інформації	accurate	тосний
telemetry	пристрій для дистанційного вимірювання	external	зовнішній
copper cable	мідний кабель	VoIP	передача голосу по ІР-протоколу
capacity	обсяг	tiny	мініатюрний
bundle	зв’язка	route	шлях, маршрут
maintain	підтримувати, зберігати	suffer from	зазнавати

2. Read and translate the text.

Telecommunications is a very important area of technology in a world where the fast transmission of larger and larger amounts of information is essential to the smooth running of business, government, and society. Globalization means that much of this information flow is international. The information transmitted can sound, images, documents, data output from computers, and readings from measuring devices and instruments.

Telecommunications includes telephony, radio, television, email, fax, telemetry (measuring quantities at a distance), and data transmission from one computer to another in a network. Data is transmitted in the form of signals, which can take the form of electrical pulses (carried by copper cable or wire), light pulses (carried by fibre optic cable, made of glass or plastic), or radio waves (transmitted between antennas on the ground, or between satellite dishes on the ground and satellites in orbit around the earth). Fibre optic cables offer many advantages over copper cables. The capacity of copper wires to carry signals is limited. With fibre optic cables many fibres can be bundled together allowing much more data to be carried. Radio transmissions have the advantage of covering wide areas, and not requiring the expense and trouble of laying and maintaining cables.

More and more information is now sent in digital format, while analogue systems are likely to disappear soon. Analogue systems use a continuously varying signal and are more likely to suffer from noise and interference.

Digital systems use a stream of ON or OFF signals, which is more accurate and resists interference from external sources. Digital radio and high-definition digital television provide higher quality sound and pictures than analogue formats. The sounds and images we hear and see in real life are analogue, and therefore must be converted into digital format before they can be transmitted digitally. Older analogue devices such as telephones adaptor (ATA) to adapt or convert analogue sound into digital signals, and analogue TV sets need a special adaptor box to convert digital TV signals into analogue pictures. Recent devices, such as IP phones and digital TV sets already have the adaptors built in.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) allows the Internet to be used for telephone communication. Data is compressed by the caller’s computer, and sent in tiny units (called packets), each traveling by different routes, decided by a device called a router. Each packet has its own unique identification and address, so the message can be reassembled by the receiving computer. VoIP offers much cheaper calls than traditional telephone systems.

Mobile phones have become essential items for many people. They are, in effect, small radio transmitters: they convert sound into digital radio waves which are then transmitted via their antennas to the nearest mobile phone towers. New models are introduced every year with additional features. Text and photo messaging are usually standard. Most mobile phones allows Internet connections, include digital cameras, permit MP3 music files to be played, and have built-in navigation systems.