2.6 Door

In Malaysia one of the most important elements to consider during your renovation is indoor door. It has ability to control the noise level and divide spaces into different areas, be it any door design, toilet door, kitchen door, office door, wardrobe door, cabinet door or shower screen, they provide the privacy and space efficiency. There are many types of internal doors to choose from, and that depends on the amount of space, budget and personal preference. The most common type will be swing door.

2.6.1 Case Study

A few types of door used in our case study. For the main entrance and bathroom is decorative timber flush door. Aluminum frame sliding door used in the living room. Mild steel grill door in the laundry area.

Location	Material used and size
M ain entrance	Decorative timber flush door 2400 X 1000 mm
B athroom	Timber flush door 2400 X 800 mm
Living room	Aluminium frame sliding door 2400 X 1300 mm
O thers	Timber flush door 2400 X 800 mm

2.7 Window

Is an opening in the wall of a building, the side of a vehicle, etc., for the admission of air or light, or both, commonly fitted with a frame in which are set movable sashes containing panes of glass.

2.7.1 Case study

Our case study using aluminum frame casement window, aluminum frame top hung window and aluminum frame sliding window. Aluminum frame casement windows are used at the bathroom, all bedrooms and laundry area. The top hung windows are used at the bathroom and the sliding windows are used at the living room and kitchen.

2.7.2 Aluminium frame casement window

Created with idea to make more ventilation in the house,. Combined with the design versatility and slim line appearance of aluminum, the casement window is perfect for locations where you want to maximise the view with large unobstructed areas of glass.

2.7.3 Standard features

• Key lockable latch

• Opens to 90° for maximum ventilation

• Friction stays for holding sash open

• Sash bulb seal ensures complete weather proofing

2.7.4 Aluminum frame top hung window

Aluminum Top Hung Casement windows are the most common and popular of window designs, you can find it in the bathrooms and kitchen in most houses. The aluminum top hung windows are constructed using an outer frame and a hinged sash.

2.7.5 Aluminium frame sliding window

Aluminum sliding windows are designed for spaces that do not want windows projecting from the wall. The window is designed to have one or two window sashes sliding horizontally within the frame.

This style of window is very popular in office blocks and developments in country areas where there is a requirement for insect screens.

2.8 Staircase

2.8.1 Elements of stairs

1. Baluster:

The vertical member which is fixed between string and handrail to give support to the handrail.

2. Balustrade or barrister:

The combined framework of handrail and balusters.

3. Flight:

This is defined as an unbroken series of steps between landings.

4. Going:

The horizontal distance between the faces of two consecutive risers.

5. Handrail:

the inclined rail over the string is known as a handrail. Handrail serves as a guard-rail and it should be provided at a convenient height so as to give grasp to hand during ascent and descent

6. Landing:

the horizontal platform between two flights of a stair. A landing facilities change of direction and provides an opportunity for taking rest during the use of a stair.

7. Newel post:

The vertical member which is placed at the ends of flights to connect the ends of strings and handrail.

8. Nosing:

The projecting part of the tread beyond the face of riser.

9. Riser:

The vertical or front member of the step, which is connected to treads.

10. Step:

A combination of tread and riser. The common types of steps: bullnose step, commode step, dancing step, flier, round-ended step, splayed step, winder.

11. Tread:

the horizontal upper portion of a step.

12. Waist:

the thickness of structural slab in case of an R.C.C. stair.