IV. Listening.

Exercise 23. Listen to the text C and answer the following questions:

1) What are silk garments prized for?

2) What are the physical qualities of silk?

3) How can you describe contemporary silk garments?

4) What do you know about the shrinkage of the silk fibre?

5) What shampoo should be used when washing silk?

6) What processes can spoil the silk fibre?

Silk means elegance

Today, silk is another word for elegance, and silk garments are prized for their versatility, wearability and comfort. Silk is the strongest natural fiber. A steel filament of the same diameter as silk will break before a filament of silk. Silk absorbs moisture, which makes it cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Because of its high absorbency, it is easily dyed in many deep colors. Silk retains its shape, drapes well, caresses the figure, and shimmers with a luster.

Contemporary silk garments range from evening wear to sports wear. A silk suit can go to the office and, with a change of accessories and a blouse, transform into an elegant dinner ensemble. Silk garments can be worn for all seasons.

Silk is elegant, versatile and washable. In the past, owning a silk garment meant not only the initial price of the garment but also the cost of dry cleaning. All silk is washable. Silk is a natural protein fiber, like human hair, taken from the cocoon of the silkworm. The natural glue, sericin, secreted by silkworms and not totally removed during manufacturing of the silk, is a natural sizing which is brought out when washing in warm water. Most silk fabrics can be hand washed. Technically, silk does not shrink like other fibers. A tightly woven silk will not "shrink" or will "shrink" a lot less. Silk garments, however, can shrink if the fabric has not been washed prior to garment construction. When washing silk, do not wring but roll in a towel. Silk dries quickly but should not be put in an automatic dryer unless the fabric is dried in an automatic dryer prior to garment construction. A good shampoo works well on silk. It will remove oil and revitalize your silk. Do not use an alkaline shampoo or one which contains ingredients such as wax, petroleum, or their derivatives, as these products will leave a residue on your silk and may cause "oil" spots. If static or clinging is a problem with your silks, a good hair conditioner (see above cautions) may be used in the rinse water.

Silk may yellow and fade with the use of a high iron setting. Press cloths and a steam iron are recommended. Silk is also weakened by sunlight and perspiration.

Unit 8 basic principles of metrology

I. Language

Exercise 1. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

Measurement – вимірювання

International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) – Міжнародне Бюро вимірювання маси

та інших значень

To embrace – охоплювати

Transfer of traceability – зміщення трасувальності (трассируемости)

Applied or industrial metrology – практична або промислова метрологія

Legal metrology – законодавча метрологія

Enabling taxation – ефективне оподаткування

Whereby – за допомогою чогось, за посередництвом

Stated references – встановлені посилання

Calibration – маркування, калібрування

Systematic bias – систематична помилка

Assigned value – приписане значення

Sophisticated system – складна, сучасна система

Gauging devices – вимірювальні прибори

Headway – рух уперед, прогрес

Rational system of units – раціональна система одиниць (вимірювання)

To assess – давати оцінку, накладати податок

Equipment commonality – загальне обладнання, оснащення

Saturated cells – насичений, наповнений елемент

To pursue – проводити, займатись

Exercise 2. Guess the meaning of the international words.

Theoretical, metrology, Bureau, fundamental, standard, instrument, result, international, laboratory, technology, to base.

Exercise 3. Give English equivalents for:

Охоплювати, загальне обладнання, займатись, раціональна система одиниць (вимірювання), прогрес, сучасна система, вимірювальні прибори, встановлені посилання, зміщення трасувальності, Міжнародне Бюро вимірювання маси та інших значень, законодавча метрологія.