Weather

Vocabulary

be overcast with clouds быть затянутым облаками

be caught in a storm быть застигнутым бурей

be subject to changes быть переменчивым (о погоде)

beastly мерзкий (о погоде)

bedew оросить, увлажнить

blast/gust of windпорыв ветра

blizzard метель, вьюга

blow дуть

break наступить (об утре, дне)

breeze легкий ветер, бриз

bright ясный, яркий

brighten up проясняться

briskсвежий (о ветре)

cast [ka:st] отбрасывать (тень)

change for the better улучшиться

chill холодный, студёный

chilly холодный

clean чистый

clear чистый, без облаков

clear up проясняться

cool прохладный

damp влажный (холодный и влажный)

die down/away утихнуть (о ветре)

downpour ливень

drench проливной дождь

draught [dra:ft]1) глоток 2) поток 3) сквозняк

drizzleп. — мелкий дождь, изморось — моросить

drought засуха

drip капать

drop dry капля сухой (о погоде, климате)

dull пасмурный

fall выпадать (о дожде)

flash вспышка

flood наводнение

fog туман

freeze морозить

fresh свежий

frost мороз

gale сильный ветер, шторм

get cold холодать, становиться холодно

to get stiff/numb with cold окоченеть от холода

get under the rain попасть под дождь

glazed frost гололёд

greenhouse effect парниковый эффект

ground frost заморозок

grow hot/warm/coldстановиться жарко/тепло/ холодно

hail град

have a frost-bitten noseотморозить нос

hazeлегкий туман, дымка, мгла

heat п. — жара — согревать,

heavy сильный (о дожде)

hoarfrost ['ho:frost] иней, изморозь

humid ['hju:mid] влажный (тёплый и влажный)

hurricane ураган

Ice Age ледниковый период

ice drift ледоход

icicle ['aisikl]сосулька

icing гололедица, обледенение

Indian summer бабье лето

intermittent временами (о погоде)

lightning молния

loom маячить

mackerel sky небо с барашками облаков

melt таять

meteorologist метеоролог

mistлёгкий туман, дымка

moderate ['modarat]умеренный

moist [moist]влага

mount подняться, всходить

nasty['na:sti]отвратительный, мерзкий,

скверный

overcast затянутый тучами

patchy местами

pool лужа

pour лить (о дожде)

puddle маленькая грязная лужица

rain curtain завеса дождя

rainbow радуга

rainfall дождь, выпадение осадков

rainstorm ливень с ураганом

peal of thunder раскат грома

ramble грохотать

shadowтень

shower ливень

shred обрывок, полоса

slacken ослабевать, стихать

slantскользить (о луче солнца)

sleetдождь со снегом, мокрый снег

slushталый снег, слякоть

smite (smote, smitten)ударять (о молнии)

snowdrift сугроб, занос

snowflake снежинка

snowstorm снежная буря

spell период

squall шквал

steam uспариться, подниматься (о паре)

strand полоса

sun tan солнечный загар

sunshine солнце, солнечный свет

swirl [sw3:l] кружиться в водовороте, нестись вихрем

tatters клочья

thaw таять, оттаивать

thunderгром

torrents ливень

turn bad испортиться (о погоде)

veilзавеса, пелена

weather forecast прогноз погоды

weather lore наука/знания о природе, народные приметы

weather sign примета погоды

weatherman метеоролог

whirlwind вихрь

windy ветренный

wretched мерзкий (о погоде)

Conversational Formulas:

A change is coming in the weather.Погода меняется.

I am chilled to the bone.Я продрог до костей.

I am drenched through.Я вымок до нитки.

I am freezing.Мне холодно.

I am soaked to the skin.Я промок до нитки.

I feel hot. Мне жарко.

It'll change for the betterПогода переменится к лучшему.

It's getting/growing warm/cold.Становится тепло/холодно.

It is raining cats and dogs! Льёт как из ведра!

The weather is fine/nice/awful.Погода прекрасная/хорошая/ ужасная.

. The weather keeps nice.Стоит хорошая погода.

We are in for a spell of good weather.Ожидается хорошая погода.

Ex.1 Read and translate the dialogue. Learn it by heart.

Kate: Hello, Ann! You look very fresh and sun­tanned. Where have you been?

Ann: I've just come back from the South.

Kate: Really? Did you have fine weather?

Ann: Yes, I did. The weather was lovely. They say it was even too hot for the end of Sep­tember. The day temperature was about 30°. Towards evening it fell to 20° but it was still very warm.

Kate: Did it ever rain?

Ann: Once when we were at sea on a motor boat we were caught in a heavy rain. I can't say that it was very pleasant. Was it warm here in September?

Kate: The first week was very warm. Fancy the temperature rising to 24° in the day time! But it didn't last long. In a few days the weather turned worse, it started raining, the temperature fell to seven degrees. And this spell of nasty weather has lasted for two weeks already.

Ann: But you know, the weather in these parts can be very changeable. It could still turn out better. Sometimes we have very nice, warm weather in October.

Kate: Right you are. Let's hope for the best.

Ex.2 Change the following sentences accor­ding to the example.

Example: When the sun shines ... (the weather is sunny). When the sun shines we say (that) the weather (it) is sunny.

1. When it rains ... (rainy). 2. When it drizzles and sleets ... (nasty). 3. When a cold wind blows ... (windy). 4. When there is a fine mist over the city ... (misty).

5. When a fog is spreading ... (foggy). 6. When the streets are covered with mud and slush ... (muddy and slushy). 7. When the frost is hard ... (frosty). 8. When it is warm ... (fine). 9. When the temperature is +25° ... (hot). 10. When the temperature has fallen to -22° ... (very cold). 11. When the air is hot and dry ... stifling. 12. When the sky is covered with clouds ... (cloudy). 13. When the sky is clear ... (cloudless). 14. When the weather often changes ... (changeable). 15. When the rivers and lakes are covered with ice ... (frozen). 16. When there is much snow ... (snowy). 17. When we are in for a spell of good weather at the beginning of September ... (Indian summer). 18. When it pours with rain ... (beastly).

19. If the weather doesn't turn to worse ... (to keep fine). 20. When the temperature falls below zero ... (to freeze).

Ex.3 Complete the following sentences.

1. It looks like ... . Take your umbrella. 2. The temperature has fallen to .... 3. The weather has turned to ... . It is drizzling. 4. After a hard frost everything is covered ... . 5. When the snow begins to melt the streets .... 6. The temperature has risen .... 7. The sky is dark, it is covered .... 8. In autumn it often ... . 9. Summers are not very .... 10. London is famous for .... 11. Tobolsk looks at its best in .... 12. Indian-summer is a spell of good weather ... .

Ex.4 Ask questions to the words in italics.

1. The weather is wonderful today. 2. When it rains people wear raincoats and carry umbrellas. 3. In autumn a thick fog used to spread over London. 4. It snows and freezes in winter. 5. The ground is like iron and rings under the feet. 6. The icicles hang from the roofs of the houses. 7. The rivers and ponds are frozen over in winter. 8. Many people slide and skate on the frozen rivers. 9. Children like to fight with snowballs. 10. In March the thaw begins. 11. A cold wind is blowing from the North.

Ex.5 Agree or disagree with the following. Extend your sentences wherever possible. Use the following phrases.

Agreement Disagreement

I fully agree with you I don't think I can agree with you

You are quite right

I'm of the same opinion I'm afraid you are wrong

Right you are It's not quite so

It's really so On the contrary

1. It's hard to stand the heat when it's damp. 2. In my opinion, Tobolsk looks at its best in early autumn. 3. It's not very pleasant to walk about the streets when it's

slushy. 4. Summers are not very hot and winters are not very cold in Tobolsk. 5. Autumn is the best season. 6. The weather in our city is very changeable. 7. The Yrtysh affects the climate of Tobolsk. 8. There are very many frosty days in our city in winter. 9. The weather is going to keep fine. 10. Frosty weather is very pleasant when it is not windy.

Ex.6 Fill in the blanks with prepositions and postverbal adverbs wherever necessary.

1. Winter sets......the end ... December ... these parts.... a hard frost the rivers and ponds are frozen .... When the temperature falls ... twenty five degrees ... zero it gets very cold. 2. London used to be famous ... its fogs. They used to have fogs especially often ... autumn. When a thick fog spread ... the city people couldn’t see each other at arm's ength. 3. ... heavy rains we are...... a spell ... good weather again. 4. It looks like rain: the sky is covered ... dark clouds, a cold wind is blowing ... the sea. 5. It's a lovely sight when everything is covered ... hoarfrost and glistens ... the sun. 6. I prefer to stay indoors ... rainy weather. 7. Nature looks ... its best ... early spring. 8. Indian summer is a short period ... warm sunny weather ... the beginning ... autumn. 9. The temperature has fallen ... zero and it is freezing. 10. If the weather keeps fine we can go ... the country ... Sunday. 11. Many people are fond ... winter sports. 12. It's pouring ... rain. You'd better stay indoors.

Ex.7 Ask your fellow students:

... what her (his) favourite season is

... if the climate in her (his) native place is better than in Tobolsk

... if she likes it when it is hot

... if she likes to walk in rainy weather

... what Indian summer is like in Tobolsk

... if there are often floods in Tobolsk

.... what the weather is like today

... if she (he) is fond of winter sport

... if she (he) likes frosty weather

... if the weather is changeable in her home town

... if she (he) is afraid of thunderstorms

... if there are often thunderstorms in Tobolsk

... if she (he) knows the weather forecast for tomorrow

... what she (he) likes to do on a fine summer day

... if she (he) can stand the heat

... if she (he) can stand the frost.

Ex.8 What will you say if:

it rains cats and dogs; the sun shines brightly; it's warm; it pours with rain; everything is covered with hoarfrost; the air is cool and fresh; the temperature is falling; it sleets; the streets are slushy and muddy; it drizzles; the sky is overcast; the weather has turned better.

Suggestions: it's lovely; the weather is nasty; it's beastly; we are in for a spell of good weather again; the weather is fine; it's a lovely day; it's a nasty day; it looks like rain; it looks like frost; it's pleasant to breathe fresh air.

Ex.9 Answer the following questions.

1. How many seasons are there in a year? What are they? What is your favourite season? Why? 2. When does spring begin in your city? In the north of our country? In the south? 3. What is the weather like in March? Does it often snow? What is the temperature in the day time? At night? 4. When does it often rain? What is the weather like after a heavy summer shower? 5. What is Indian summer like? 6. When do trees become red and yellow? Is it a beautiful sight? 7. When does winter set Tobolsk? Is it very cold in winter? Are frosts very hard? When are trees covered with hoarfrost? 8. Which is the most unpleasant season in St. Petersburg? 9. When does it drizzle? 10. Is the weather in Tobolsk chan­geable? 11. What is the weather like in your home town? 12. Does the weather usually keep fine in summer? 13. What is the weather forecast for tomorrow? 14. What is the weather like today? 15. What city used to be famous for its fogs? 16. Is it often foggy in Tobolsk? 17. In what weather does Tobolsk look at its best in your opinion? 18. When is it slushy? muddy? 19. When are there thunderstorms in Tobolsk? In the South? 20. When does it rain cats and dogs? 21. Do you like rainy weather? 22. What weather is to your taste? 23. Do you like it when it is hot? warm? cold? cool? rainy? misty? sunny?

Ex.10 Use the following sentences in dialo­gues and situations of your own.

Lovely day, isn't it? Isn't it just beautiful? Isn't it gorgeous? Wonderful, isn't it? It's so nice and hot! Personally I think it's so nice when it's hot, isn't it? Nasty day, isn't it? Isn't it just dreadful? The rain, I hate the rain ... I don't like it at all, do you? Fancy such a day in July. Rain in the morning, then a bit of sunshine and rain, rain all day long. Not at all like autumn. I hope it's going to keep fine. It seems almost too good to

Ex.11 Describe your favorite season using the words given below.

Spring sets in; nature comes to life; the days get longer and warmer; to break into blossom; the air is fresh and cool; the leaves in the trees turn yellow and red; the air is transparent; the sky is clear; hoarfrost glistens in the sun; the countryside looks lovely; to be frozen over; the temperature is rising.

Ex.12 Learn the following proverbs and give their Russian equivalents.

Every cloud has a silver lining. It never rains but what it pours. To put off for a rainy day.

Ex.13 Some countries have four seasons, and other countries have only two seasons.

The weather during the seasons is also different in different countries. In Southwest Asia, for example, the summers are dry and hot. In the exercise below, write in the climate words that best describe the seasons in your country (in the North, in the South, in the East, in the West, in the centre).

winter	wet	warm	rainy
spring	dry	cool	snowy
summer	hot	windy	cloudy
autumn	cold	calm	clear

Exercise 14. Describe, orally or in writing, the climate of another country (England, Germany, France, Spain, Japan etc.)

Ex.15 Translate into English.

1.- Какая прекрасная погода, не правда ли? Со­всем не похоже на осень. - Да, сегодня очень тепло. И солнце светит ярко. - Вы не знаете, какая сегод­ня температура? - Я думаю, градусов 19-20. - Это довольно высокая температура для октября. - Да, такая погода осенью бывает не часто. Если такая погода простоит еще пару дней, давайте поедем в воскресенье за город. - С удовольствием. Я ду­маю, в парках Пушкина и Павловска сейчас очень красиво. 2.- Ты не знаешь сегодняшний прогноз погоды? - Днем обещают дождь. Возьми на всякий случай (to be on the safe side) зонтик и надень плащ.

3.- Какая отвратительная погода! Совсем не по­хоже на весну. Небо опять затянуто тучами, похоже, что будет дождь. В апреле было всего несколько теп­лых солнечных дней. 4.- Короткий период теплой погоды в начале осени называют "бабьим летом". Многие русские поэты воспевали это время года.

Ex.16 Speak on the following topics.

1. Your favourite season. 2. The climate and weather in your native region. 3. Summer is the best season for holidays. 4. Winter and winter sports.

Ex.17Read the following tongue-twisters. Practice saying them as quickly as possible, learn them by heart.

Whether the weather be fine

Or whether the weather be not

Whether the weather be cold

Or whether the weather be hot

We'll weather the weather

Whatever the weather

Whether we like it or not.

Ex.19 Read and translate the dialogue below.

Olaf: Why do English people so often say something about the weather when they begin a conversation with stran­gers?

Mr. Green: Well, of course, in England the weather's always changing. We never know what to expect. If you were in a country where the weather doesn't change much, it would be difficult to say much about it. But you asked why we talk about the weather to strangers. That's an interesting question. It's probably because the weather's a subject it's quite safe to talk about. It's a way of reaching agreement. I begin by saying, "A cold morning, isn't it?" The other man says, "It certainly,is". I say, "It's been cold all week", and the other man says, "Yes, we're having a very cold spring". So far we've agreed about everything. Perhaps 1 make a remark about something I've seen in the newspaper. I say, perhaps, "I see the Italians have beaten us at football again". The other man says, "Yes, seven-nil this time". Well, when we've exchanged remarks on subjects of this kind, on which there can be no disagreement, we're beginning to feel friendly. If we'd started with subjects on which disagreement was possible, politics, for example, we might not have become friendly. Language isn't used only for giving or asking for facts.

Mrs.Green: Remarks about the weather are a safe way of opening communicati­on with a stranger. When I go abroad, to a country where I can't speak the language, I always try to learn a few phrases, like "Good morning", "Good afternoon", "Isn't it a nice day", "Please" and "Thank you". People are suspicious of strangers who are completely silent.

Mr.Green: Oh,yes. These words are certainly useful when you come to this country.

Ex.20 Read and translate the text. Try to retell it.