Vocabulary Notes on the Text
1. to put (smb) in a cheerful working mood — привести в хорошее рабочее настроение
2. all the same— 1) тем не менее, все-таки: But all the same, it is time to get up.
2) все равно, безразлично: It is all the same to me when you come.
3. I make my bed — я убираю постель
to make the bed — стелить постель (перед сном)
4. to make — делать, изготовлять
Syn.: to do — выполнять какую-л. работу, заниматься какой-л. работой или делом.
Глаголы to do, to make сочетаются с различными словами в функции прямого дополнения и не взаимозаменяются:
to make a mistake — сделать ошибку
to make a dress — сшить платье
to make progress — делать успехи
to make tea (coffee, etc.) — заварить чай (кофе и т. д.)
to do the cooking — готовить
to do the shopping — покупать, делать покупки
to do the washing — стирать
to do the ironing — гладить
to do a room — убрать комнату
to do a translation — переводить (делать перевод)
to do an exercise — делать упражнение
5. as I am always short of time — так как мне всегда не хватает времени
6. to be through with smth — закончить что-л. I think he is already through with his work.
7. to listen to smb — слушать кого-л.
The students are listening to the teacher with great attention.
to listen in — слушать радио
I like to listen in on a rainy evening.
to listen to smth on the radio — слушать что-л. по радио
I always listen to the news on the radio while I'm having breakfast.
Ср.: to hear — слышать
I can't hear what he is saying.
8. Когда союзы neither ... nor («ни ... ни») и either ... or («или ... или») соединяют подлежащие, сказуемое предложения согласуется (т. е. стоит в соответствующем лице и числе) с ближайшим подлежащим:
Neither she nor they are right.
Neither they nor she is right.
Either I am right or / they are.
Either I or they are right.
9. just часто употребляется для подчеркивания значения последующего слова и переводится на русский язык словами «как раз», «именно», «просто», «только».
I just have a cup of coffee and some sandwiches.— Я пью только чашку кофе и съедаю пару бутербродов.
I'm just doing the room.— Я как раз убираю комнату.
Just now I don't care for anything too serious.— Как раз сейчас мне не хочется читать ничего серьезного.
His pronunciation is just beautiful.— Его произношение просто великолепно.
10. to leave— 1) уходить (из), уезжать; 2) оставлять
I leave the house at ten minutes to eight. His train leaves for Odessa at 8.40. Don't leave your little sister alone.
to leave for — уезжать куда-л.
He leaves for Moscow on Wednesday.
11. to town — в город
My train to town is leaving at 8.10.
out of town — в пригороде, за городом Syn. expr.: in the country
Peter lives out of town (in the country) all the year round.
in town — в городе He is not in town now.
12. to arrive
at — приезжать, прибывать в небольшой город, деревню, на
станцию
in — приезжать в крупный город, страну
Every year many delegations arrive in Moscow to see our country.
When does the train arrive at the station?
13. to talk shop — разговаривать на профессиональные темы
Stop talking shop.
14. a self-service canteen — столовая самообслуживания на предприятииa cafeteria — столовая самообслуживания
a refectory — столовая в высшем учебном заведении
a snack-bar, a coffee-bar — буфет
15. a spare moment (hour, room) —свободная минута (час, комната)
spare time — свободное время
Have you any spare time today?
a spare pencil (dictionary, etc.) — лишний карандаш (словарь и т. д.)
16. once (twice, three times) a week (a day, a month) — один раз (два, три раза) в неделю (в день, в месяц)
time—1) раз (исчисляемое существительное) How many times a month do you go to the pictures? 2) время (неисчисляемое существительное)
How much time does it take you to do your room? — Oh, very little (time).
It is time to go.— Пора идти.
Your time is up.— Ваше время истекло.
17. bike (colloq.) = bicycle — велосипед
Ex.2 Pronounce the following verbs. [S] [z] [Iz]
puts |
sets |
wears |
hears |
watches |
points |
thinks |
tells |
includes |
loses |
takes |
looks |
says |
deals |
fetches |
regulates |
gets |
gains |
refers |
matches |
forgets |
waits |
goes |
turns |
catches |
stops |
|
repairs |
knows |
stresses |
|
|
cleans |
comes |
washes |
|
|
Winds up |
finds |
dresses |
|
|
does |
|
brushes |
Ex.3 Read the following words and word combinations with the sounds [ θ ], [ δ].
Bathroom, bath, weather, together, through, with it, the same, thin, think, mother, three times, the theatre, something, anything, nothing, everything
Ex.4 Practice reading the following sentences.
1. They take the cake to bake. 2. They paint the table pale-gray to save it from staining. 3. They wait and wait for the train, but in vain.
Ex.5 Transcribe the following words; learn them.
cheerful, to bury, pillow, to pretend, shower, breakfast, substantial, sandwiches, coffee, to arrive, office, colleagues, steadily, canteen, department, court, to water, to remind, cafeteria, refectory
Ex.6 Mark stresses in the following words.
wake up, come in, let in, turn off, switch on, tidy up, wash up; week-day, alarm-clock, self-service, flower-pot, reading-room, homework, window-sill; inclination, satisfaction
Ex.7 State the tense and explain its use.
1. Leaves become green in spring and yellow in autumn. 2. This girl is always talking during lessons. 3. My father is leaving for Kiev on Wednesday. 4. Tell him to wait when he comes. 5. Don't talk. I cannot hear what he is saying. 6. On week-days we usually get up at eight o'clock. 7. We have a class in English Grammar from 9 to 11 on Saturday. 8. Come to my place on Thursday if you are free. 9. The bus is just coming. 10. Time passes at different speeds according to what you are doing. 11. Actions speak louder than words.
Ex.8 Write the following verbs in the third person singular of the Present Indefinite Tense and use them in sentences of your own.
read, write, finish, march, rise, dress, study, lie, go, say, have, see, copy, take, explain, wash, be, know, do, play
Ex.9 Put the verbs in brackets into Present Indefinite or Present Continuous.
1. Look up! The sun ... so brightly, (to shine) 2. My uncle usually ... newspapers in the evening, (to read) 3. As a rule, my sister ... all housework in the evening, (to do) 4. Go and see! Our children ... soundly, (to sleep) 5. Our family usually ... out of town on Sundays, (to go) 6. What ... the students ... at the moment? (to do) — Some of the students ... themselves while the others ... the dialogue by heart, (to record, to learn) 7. ... your nephew ... English books in the original? (to read) 8. Hallo! Where ... you ... ? (to go) — I ... to the University, (to go) ... you ... there, too? (to go) — No, I ... not usually ... to the University in the morning, (to go) I ... evening classes, (to attend) 9. ... you ... the words of this English song? (to understand) — Yes, I ... that now I :.. them, (to think, to understand) 10. Who ... you ... there? (to see)
Ex.10 Supply the following sentences with one of the given adverbs: usually, generally, never, often, seldom, always, occasionally.
1. He is late for the lectures. 2. She goes to the theatre alone. 3. We write compositions. 4. We meet at the University. 5. My grandparents are full of energy. 6. I wind my watch up in the morning. 7. My watch loses five minutes a day. 8. I have an early breakfast. 9. We don't take this book from the reading-room, we take it from the library. 10. Dina sets her watch by the radio.
Ex.11 Read quickly inserting do or does.
1. ... you like English Grammar? 2. ... your friend like it? 3. ... your watch go wrong or right? 4. ... students arrange socials at the Institute? 5. ... the short hand of the clock point to the hour? 6. ... he smoke during the intervals? 7. ... you like the carpet in my dining-room? 8. ... they arrive in time? 9. ... she find good excuses when she is late? 10. ... you wind your watch up regularly?
Ex.12 Ask questions to which the given sentences are the answers.
1. My friends go to the country every week. Who ...? 2. His sister always helps him with the exercises. Who ...? Whose ...? 3. I come to the University at one o'clock in the afternoon. When ...? 4. There is a piano stool in front of the piano. What ...? 5. We write test-papers in class once a month. What ...? How often ...? 6. The teacher is explaining new rules to the students. What rules ...? Who ... to? 7. The watchmaker repairs watches. Who ...? What ...? What ...? 8. His watch goes wrong. What ...? Whose ...? 9. We usually set our watches by the radio-time signal. Who ...? When ...? What ...? What ... by? 10. Watches and clocks have figures on their faces. What ...? What ...? Where ...?
Ex.13 Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. ... you ... breakfast at eight o'clock in the morning? (to have) 2. ... you ... now? (to listen in) ... you ... this music? (to like) 3. Now she ... to go to the lecture, (to want) 4. I ... what you mean, (to see) 5. ... you ... a noise in the adjoining room? (to hear) 6. How ... he ... at present?(to feel) 7. What ... you ... here? (to do) 8. My niece ... in the next room now. (to be) 9. ... you ... him well? (to hear)
Ex.14 Compose 7—10 questions using the Present Indefinite and the Present Continuous Tenses. Let other students answer them.
Ex.15 Choose the right expression and use the correct form of the verb
to have, to have a rest, to have breakfast (lunch, dinner), to have a lesson, to have a bath, to have a look, to have an opportunity, to have difficulty, to have a good time, to have a chance, to have a cold
1. Don't disturb him; he ... . 2. We ... at two o'clock. 3. He usually ... six ... a day. 4. Answer the phone! I can't come, I ... . 5. ... at this picture. 6. It is difficult to master a foreign language when you ... of speaking it. 7. Are you enjoying yourself? Yes, I ... . 8. I am staying in bed because I ... . 9. He ... to speak to her. 10. She ... some ... in doing this exercise. 11. They ... of listening to his lectures.
Ex.16
a) Change the following sentences into the interrogative and negative forms.
1. They always have a good time on Sunday. 2. I have a chance to see his niece today. 3. She never has a rest after dinner. 4. They always have breakfast before they go to work. 5. He has a cold in his head (насморк). 6. He is having a lesson at the moment. 7. Our family have a bath on Sundays. 8. He has an opportunity to brush up his English. 9. Come here, we are having a look at the sunset. 10. I have some difficulties in my studies.
b) Complete the following sentences using to have or to have got in the appropriate form.
1.... you usually ... lunch at home? 2. ... you ... to cook dinner before Mother comes home? 3. He ... an alarm-clock in his bedroom (neg.). 4. .... you ... a bath in the evening? 5. Some students ... a substantial breakfast in the morning. 6. She ... to sit up late preparing her homework, because she is on holiday (neg.). 7. ... he ... a rest before his evening classes? 8. ... you many friends at the University? 9. ... your sister ... to get up at 8 o'clock every morning? 10. She ... to cook the meals herself as her mother keeps the house for her (neg.). 11. I ... to cook dinner on week-days, because we dine out (neg.).
Ex.17 Insert prepositions or post-verbal adverbs.
1. I wake......seven o'clock and then it is time for me to get ... . I like a cold bath every morning, so I put ... my dressing-gown and slippers and go ... the bathroom. The water feels cold ... winter mornings, but I rub myself hard with a towel and soon I feel quite warm. 2. I brush my teeth and wash my face and go back ... the bedroom to dress. I brush my hair, take a clean handkerchief......the drawer and go ... the dining-room ... breakfast. 3. ... twelve-thirty I have a break ... lunch. I usually have it... our refectory. Sometimes I go......lunch and have it at the cafeteria just... the corner. 4. Sometimes ... week-days we go ... the cinema or the theatre. But very often we just have a quiet evening ... home. We sit and talk, listen ... or watch TV. 5. Don't come ... my place tonight. I'm going to tidy ... my flat. My mother-in-law is arriving ... Leningrad tomorrow. She lives......town and ... winter she comes to see us and usually stays ... us ... a fortnight. Everything must be ready ... her arrival. 6. I'm short ... time. ... my way ... the University I must buy tickets ... the cinema and call on a friend ... mine who is leaving ... Kiev tomorrow. 7. When you are ......your work, go ... the shop and buy something ... supper. 8. Don't turn ... the radio. Father is working and we are playing ... chess. 9. My brother likes to walk ... his office ... any weather. ... summer he likes to take ... his bike ... a run ... the country. 10. Let's go ... our refectory ... the interval. 11. Do you help your mother ... the house? — Of course, I do. I always wash......meals and some- times do the shopping ... week-days. 12. Don't hurry. We have an hour and a half ... the concert. We have enough time to put everything ... its place.
Ex.18 Translate into English.
Входите, пожалуйста. 2. Кто готовит в вашей семье? — Конечно, мама.— Где ты обычно обедаешь? — Я обычно обедаю дома, но иногда в столовой при заводе. 3. Я обычно хожу в кино в субботу или воскресенье, так как в остальные дни недели я очень занят. 4. Сколько вам нужно времени, чтобы приготовить утром завтрак? — Я не готовлю завтрак утром, так как у меня всегда мало времени; я выпиваю чашку чая или кофе и съедаю бутерброд. Я предпочитаю (to prefer) плотно пообедать днем в нашей столовой (самообслуживания). Я только убираю постель и открываю окно, чтобы проветрить комнату. 5. Кто помогает вашей маме по хозяйству? — Мы все помогаем ей как можем, но, конечно, мама сама ходит в магазин и готовит, так как мы днем работаем. 6. Когда вы выходите утром из дома? — Ровно без четверти восемь. Я живу совсем рядом с заводом. Поэтому я в любую погоду хожу на работу пешком. 7. У нас мало времени. Поезд прибывает на Московский вокзал через полчаса.— Не волнуйтесь. У нас еще достаточно времени. 8. Где ваша библиотека? — Недалеко отсюда, как раз за углом. Я хожу туда два раза в месяц. 9. Не задавай мне вопросов. Я не могу писать и разговаривать одновременно (at the same time). У меня нет ни одной свободной минуты. 10. Давай сделаем это упражнение вместе, если ты не возражаешь.— Нисколько. 11. Вы всегда слушаете последние известия утром? — К сожалению, нет. Я живу в пригороде и выхожу из дома очень рано.
Ex.19 Ask one of the students and let him (her) answer your question
who wakes her up in the morning
when she wakes up on week-days
if she is quick to leave her bed in winter
how long it takes her to make her bed
if she has flowers in her room and if she waters them
every day
if she has a bath or a shower in the morning
whether she listens in while she is having breakfast
what doctors say about breakfast
if she cooks a substantial breakfast
what she usually has for breakfast
when she leaves her house
if she lives in town or in the country
if she lives quite near the Institute or rather far from it
where she studies
when her classes begin
if she makes progress tn her English
whom she often meets on her way to the Institute
what they talk about
when she has a break for dinner
where she has her dinner
if there is a refectory at her Institute
when her classes are over
what she does after classes
when she goes shopping
who does the cooking in her family
how long it takes her to do her homework
if she often goes to the pictures or the theatre in the
evening
if she goes anywhere on Saturdays and Sundays
how she usually spends her spare time in summer.
Ex.20 Give an account of:
1. A schoolboy's week-day. 2. A housewife's day.
3. Your father's day. 4. Your day off. 5. Your working day.
Ex.21 Look at the pictures below and say what can be said about you and what cannot.
Example: She usually gets up at six. But I don't. I get up at seven. She usually has breakfast at eight. So do I. I have breakfast at eight.
