5. Письменно переведите текст «d.I. Mendeleyev»

6. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What can you say about the greatness of Mendeleev’s discovery?

1. The greatness of Mendeleev’s achievement lies in the fact that his Periodic Table pointed the way to further progress in chemistry.

2. Mendeleyev had discovered several new elements.

3) Mendeleyev created the system of classifying chemical elements.

D.I.Mendeleyev (1834-1907)

A Russian name appeared in 1964 on the honorary board¹ of science at Bridgeport University, USA: Mendeleyev was added to the list of the greatest geniuses- Euclid, Archimedes, Copernicus, Galilee, Newton and Lavoisier. D.I. Mendeleyev, the explorer of nature, is the greatest chemist of the world. The Mendeleyev system has served for almost 100 years as a key to discovering new elements and it has retained its key capacity until now.

D.I. Mendeleyev was the fourteenth, and last child of the Director of the Gymnasium at Tobolsk. At 16 he was taken by his mother to St. Petersburg to seek higher education. He entered the Pedagogical Institute where his father has also studied. In 1856 he took a degree in chemistry and in 1859 he was sent abroad for two years for further training. He returned to St. Petersburg in 1861 as Professor of Chemistry.

In 1868 Mendeleyev began to write a great textbook of chemistry, known in its English translation as the "Principles of Chemistry". In compiling this² he tried to find some system of classifying the elements - some sixty in all then known - whose properties he was describing. This led him to formulate the Periodic Law, which earned him lasting international fame. He presented it verbally⁴ to the Russian Chemical Society in October 1868 and published it in February 1869. In this paper he set out clearly his discovery that if the elements are arranged in order of their atomic weights, chemically related elements appear at regular intervals. The greatness of Mendeleev’s achievement lies in the fact that he had discovered a generalization that not only unified an enormous amount of existing information but pointed the way to further progress

Notes:

1. Honorary board - доска славы, почета

2. in compiling this - собирая все материалы и факты

3. some sixty in all - всего около шестидесяти

4. verbally – устно

Вариант № 2.

1. Перепишите следующее предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Grey and white cast-iron is made by remelting pig iron.

2. The term «horse power» was introduced by James Watt.

3. The atoms are built of negative electrons, positive protons and ordinary neutrons.

4. The alloys will be experimented upon in our lab next week.

5. The properties of these metals were studied in our research lab.

2. Перепишите предложения, переведите их, обращая внимание на употребление формы Perfect (Present, Past) в действительном и страдательном залогах.

1) Scientists have found ways of measuring the sizes and positions of bodies in the Universe.

2. A primitive steam-engine had been invented by Thomas Newcomer at the beginning of the18th century.

3. Our family hasn't heard from him for 5 months.

4. The production of steel in our country has greatly increased.

3. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол и его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. You must use a calculator.

2. Не can improve the machine.

3. They are to meet these engineers at 5 o'clock.

4. These computers will have to perform millions of operations per second.

4. Раскройте скобки, и поставьте глаголы в соответствующем времени (Future Simple или Present Simple). Переведите предложения.

1. We (to go) sightseeing tomorrow if we (to be) free.

2. Before you (to leave), don't forget to shut the windows.

3. They (to strike a deal), if all the necessary papers (to be) ready.

4. Г (to see) you when I (to return).

5. Письменно переведите текст «James Watt»

6. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What did J. Watt study when he was in Glasgow?

a)... solar radiation

b)... steam technology

c)... ship-bidding

James Watt (1736 —1819)

James Watt was born in Scotland. He moved to Glasgow in 1754, where he learned the trade of instrument maker¹, and also studied steam technology.

A primitive steam-engine² already existed in Watt's time. It had been invented by Thomas Newcomen³ at the beginning of the 18^th century. But the Newcomer engine was not universal: it could work only as a pump.

In 1763, while repairing a Newcomer engine, James Watt found that he could greatly improve the machine. His invention of the separate condenser and the introduction of crank movements made steam engine more efficient. He also made some other improvements, and the new steam engine was manufactured at Birmingham in 1774. Several other inventions followed, including the double-acting engine, the centrifugal governor for automatic speed control⁴, and the pressure gauge.

With his inventions James Watt provided some most important components of early industrial revolution.

James Watt introduced the term «horse power». The power unit, the watt, is named in his honor.

NOTES:

1. the trade of instrument maker — ремесло инструментального мастера

2. steam-engine — паровая машина

3. Newcomer — Ньюкомен

4. the centrifugal governor for automatic Speed control — центробежный регулятор для автоматического управления скоростью.

Вариант №3

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Heat energy is transmitted in two different ways.

2. These very old materials were used by the ancient Romans.

3. In 1703 Isaac Newton was elected the President of the Royal Society.

4. The engineer will be asked about the new technology.

5. Electric power is used in most plants and factories.

2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление формы Perfect (Present, Past) в действительном и страдательном залогах.

1. Astronomers have measured the exact length of the day.

2. The main question has already been discussed.

3. She has lived there since 1984.

4. Their invitation had been accepted by this time yesterday.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол и его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I shall be able to come on Saturday.

2. You must make this experiment immediately.

3. He may know about everything but doesn't want to tell us.

4. Energy can exist in many forms.

4. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в соответствующем времени (Future Simple или Present Simple). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. If you (to ask) him, he (to help) you.

2. He (not/do) this unless you (to help) him.

3. Before he (to begin) to read a book, he (to look though) it.

4. As soon as I (to get) any news about him I (to tell) you about it.

5. Письменно переведите текст «Isaac Newton»

6. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

Where did Newton begin his first experiments?

1. ... at Montreal University.

2. ... at school.

3. ... at Cambridge University.

Isaac Newton (1642 -1727)

Sir Isaac Newton was born in a small village in Lincolnshire¹ in family of a poor farmer.

Since childhood the boy was fond of science. He began his first experiments at school. After school he studied at Cambridge University, where, still a student, he formulated the binomial theorem².

Newton devoted all his life to scientific experimentation. Among his discoveries was the law of decomposition of light. He proves that the white light of the sun is made up of rays of light of all the colors of the rainbow.

Newton's greatest discovery was certainly the Law of Universal Gravitation³. It is described in his book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy⁴ The fundamental principle of the book is that "every particle of matter is attracted by every other particle of matter with a force inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart". Applying the principle of gravitation, Newton proved that the power which guides the moon around the earth and the planets around the sun is the force of gravity.

Newton was highly honored by his countrymen. In 1703 he was elected President of the Royal Society.

Much later in the 20^th century, another great scientist, Albert Einstein, who had

a very high opinion of Newton's scientific achievements, wrote these words about him: "Nature to him was an open book, whose letters he could read without effort". Sir Isaac Newton died in 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Notes:

1. Lincolnshire - Линкольншир

2. binomial theorem - бином ньютона

3. the Law of Universal Gravitation - Закон всемирного тяготения

4. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy - Математические начала натуральной философии.

Вариант № 4.