Grammar: Passive Voice

Examples:

1 .The piston is connected to the crank mechanism.

2. The intake and the exhaust valves are located in the cylinder head.

Grammar exercises

I. Change the sentences according to the model:

Model: The fuel pump injects finely divided fuel into the cylinder.

Finely divided fuel is injected into the cylinder by the fuel pump.

1. The fuel injector delivers oil.

2. The crank mechanism controls the work of the piston.

3. The pump compresses oil.

4. A cylinder head closes the top end of the cylinder.

5. The hot gases press the piston downward.

6. The frame and the bedplate hold the cylinder, the crankshaft and main bearings together.

7. The piston covers ports when it is at the top dead centre.

8. The connecting rod connects the piston and the crank.

9. The connecting rod transmits the motion of the piston to the crankshaft.

10. We call it a fuel injection pump.

II. Fill up the blanks with the verbs in the Passive:

1. The piston .... to a crank mechanism.

2. Fuel oil .... by a pump.

3. Fuel oil .... into the cylinder through the fuel nozzle.

4. Air ....into the cylinder through the intake valve.

5. The intake and the exhaust valves .... in the cylinder head.

6. The burnt gases .... through the exhaust valves.

III. Translate into English:

1. Поршень движется вверх и вниз.

2. Поршень делает такты.

3. Поршень движется в цилиндре.

4. Поршень соединяется с кривошипным механизмом.

5. Кривошипный механизм состоит из вала, кривошипа и шатуна.

6. Вал вращается в подшипниках.

7. Кривошип поворачивается.

8. Шатун соединяет кривошип и поршень.

9. Кривошипный механизм контролирует движение поршня.

10. Воздух подается в цилиндр.

11. Форсунка подает топливо в цилиндр.

12. Топливо подается в форме хорошо распыленной струи.

Unit II

Text

What Work the Parts of an Engine Perform

Now when we know the main parts of an engine we must learn what work each diesel part performs.

The heart of an engine is the cylinder where the fuel is burnt and the power is developed. The cylinder head closes the top end of the cylinder to make space where the air is compressed and the gases are confined while they are burning and expanding.

The piston moves up and down in a cylinder. It compresses the air charge. When the gases are burning and expanding the piston receives the pressure of the gases. The connecting rod transmits the motion of the piston to the crankshaft. The main bearings support the crankshaft and permit it to rotate. Valves or ports admit air and discharge the burnt or exhaust gases. The frame and the bedplate are used to hold the cylinder, the crankshaft and main bearings together.

The fuel injection pump is used to deliver fuel into the cylinder and the fuel injection nozzle is used to divide the fuel into a fine spray as it enters the cylinder.

Words

perform, v выполнять

charge, n,v заряд; заряжать, загружать

discharge, v выпускать

expand, v расширять/ся/

develop, v развивать, вырабатывать

r

получать

eceive, v

get. v

spray, v, n распылять; струя

as (зд.) когда

enter, v поступать в

permit, v разрешать

pressure, n давление

cylinder head крышка цилиндра

confine, v ограничивать

transmit, v передавать

support, v поддерживать

exhaust gases отработавшие газы

frame, n рама

bedplate, n станина

admit, v впускать /топливо, воздух/

compress, v сжимать