Grammar: The Infinitive /Функции в предложении/

Examples:

1. Подлежащее:

To work by the method of a two-stroke operation is the advantage of a two-cycle engine.

2. Именная часть сказуемого:

The idea of a two-cycle engine is to complete the cycle in only two strokes.

3. Обстоятельство цели:

To fill the cylinder with a fresh charge of air an air pump is used.

4. Определение:

The piston to move in a cylinder compresses the air charge and receives the pressure of the gases when they are burning and expanding.

Grammar exercises

I. Find the sentences with the Infinitives in the text. Define the functions of the Infinitives.

II. Insert the necessary Infinitives and define their functions:

1. ... air into the cylinder a row of holes is cut in the cylinder wall.

2. The two-cycle engine is used ... the cycle in two strokes of the piston.

3. When the exhaust valves are opened the exhaust gases begin ... from the cylinder.

4. The holes or ports ... in the cylinder wall deliver air into the cylinder.

5. The air ... a higher pressure pushes the hot gases through the valves.

6. The function of the fresh air is ... the hot gases through the valves.

7. ... gases from the cylinder there are exhaust valves in the cylinder head.

Unit V Text Supercharging

The principle of supercharging is in supplying more air to the combustion chamber than the atmospheric pressure permits.

When more air and fuel burn in the cylinder, more power is received from the engine.

By fitting a special device the necessary amount of air is supplied into the cylinder. This device is called a supercharger. A supercharger is an air pump that takes air out of the surrounding atmosphere, compresses it to a higher pressure and delivers it to the inlet valve or port of an engine.

Thus, we get an engine of greater power for the same dimensions and almost the same weight.

Experiments show that by supercharging a diesel the power output is increased from 20 to 80 per cent over the normal rating. In order to increase the air pressure in a four-stroke engine, the air charge is pushed in by higher pressure, produced by a separate air pump or a supercharger. When a supercharger is applied to a four-stroke engine, the main change required in the engine design, is a change in the timing of the intake and exhaust valves. The two valves are designed to be opened simultaneously from about 80 to 160 degrees. The selection depends upon the normal engine speed.

A two-stroke engine usually has a blower to obtain scavenge air and its supercharging is obtained by increasing the amount and pressure of scavenging air. In addition, a slight change of the exhaust and scavenge timing is made in order to retain more scavenge air at the beginning of the compression stroke.

Words

supercharger, n нагнетатель, воздуходувка,

компрессор

supercharging продувка

combustion chamber камера сгорания

permit, v разрешать, допускать

power output выходная мощность

rating мощность

fit, v устанавливать

device, n прибор, устройство

thus, adv таким образом

dimension, n размер

weight, n вес

change, v, n изменять; изменение

retain, v удерживать

timing регулировка

slight, adj небольшой, незначительный

in addition в добавление, кроме того

supply, v подавать, обеспечивать

surround, v окружать

require, v требовать

apply, v применять

selection, n выбор (зд. переключение)

simultaneously, adv одновременно

obtain, v получать

depend on, v зависеть от

in order to для того, чтобы

normal, adj нормальный, обычный

the same, adj одинаковый

design, v, n конструировать,

предназначать; проект,

конструкция