XVII. Complete the following passage with appropriate logical connectors.
A substratum (a solid surface that an organism can attach or rest on) can be a limiting factor. _____, off the northern coast of California, there are three areas where brown algae grow crowded together. The substratum is rocky, and there is a stalk (the long stem of a plant) that attaches to the rock. The algae attach themselves to the stalk _______ they can float without being washed ashore. ______, a short distance away, the substratum is muddy with no rock ________, there are no algae at all. _______, a rocky substratum is a limiting factor for brown algae.
Combine the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using a coordinating conjunction or a conjunctive adverb. Pay attention to your punctuation!
Example: Plants and animals vary widely in their range of tolerance to physical factors. White-tailed deer and deer mice are found in a wide range of climates.
Plants and animals vary widely in their range of tolerance to physical factors; for example, white-tailed deer and deer mice are found in a range of climates.
1. There is plenty of carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and mineral salts in the deeper part of the ocean. Green plants cannot grow there because of the absence of light.
2. In winter, honeybees gather together closely and vibrate their heavy wing muscles. They make enough heat to raise the temperature of the hive.
3.Light affects animals indirectly because animals depend on plants for their food. Light affects animals directly because it helps them to see their enemies.
4.Animals that live in a cave must leave the cave to feed. They must make the best of the food that is brought in.
XIX. Experiment on Limiting Factors
Does
Precipitation Affect a Bird Population?
Analyze data to find the effect of precipitation on the hatching of eggs by sand hill cranes, one of the tallest North American birds.
The following table shows the number of sand hill crane eggs hatched in the wild during an eight-year experiment. The amount of rainfall and snowfall during each of the eight years was also recorded. Study the data.
TABLE 1. Sand hill Crane Eggs Hatched
Year |
Number of Adults |
Number of Nests |
Number of Eggs Laid |
Number of Eggs Hatched |
Rainfall (cm) |
Snowfall (cm) |
1984 |
21 |
5 |
5 |
3 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
1985 |
23 |
3 |
5 |
1 |
2.5 |
5.5 |
1986 |
32 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7.8 |
3.0 |
1987 |
26 |
11 |
11 |
8 |
3.2 |
0.7 |
1988 |
32 |
11 |
11 |
7 |
2.8 |
1.0 |
1989 |
30 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
3.5 |
0.5 |
1990 |
32 |
6 |
6 |
5 |
2.1 |
0.6 |
1991 |
30 |
4 |
6 |
1 |
6.4 |
2.4 |
Fill in the correct information in the table below using the data from table 1. Determine the total precipitation in each year by adding the amount of rainfall and snowfall. Find the percentage of eggs hatched in each year. To do this, divide the number of eggs hatched by the number of eggs laid, and then multiply by 100.
Year |
Number of Eggs Laid |
Number of Eggs Hatched |
Rainfall (cm) |
Snowfall (cm) |
Total Precipitation (cm) |
Percentage of Eggs Hatched |
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