6 Find phonemic spellings for thirteen different foods in the wordsearch. The words are horizontal or vertical. Use all the letters.

h	ӕ	m	b	ə:	g	ə	s
p	r	f	b	r	e	d	t
ӕ	ai	i	ʧ	i	p	s	r
s	s	ʃ	m	i:	t	ↄ	ↄ:
t	k	ӕ	r	ə	t	r	b
ə	ᴧ	n	j	ə	n	i	r
t	ə	m	a:	t	əu	n	i
b	ə	n	a:	n	ə	ʤ	z

7 Find phonemic spellings for thirteen jobs in the wordsearch. The words are horizontal or vertical. Use all the letters.

k	d	ↄ	k	t	ə	n
u	d	r	ai	v	ə	ə:
k	p	ei	n	t	ə	s
m	ə	k	ӕ	n	i	k
f	e	n	ʤ	ə	n	iə
a:	v	r	ai	t	ə	g
m	e	s	i	ŋ	ə	a:
ə	t	w	ei	t	ə	d

8 Here is a word square making the words can, cap, not and pot.

C	a	n
A		o
P	o	t

Here is a phonemic word square making the words beach, bean, cheese and knees.

B	i:	ʧ
i:		i:
N	i:	Z

Now complete these word squares to make the four words underneath each one.

1)

	ai
ai		ai
	ai

rhyme might tight write

2)

	ↄ:
ↄ:		ↄ:
	ↄ:

laws cause tall talk

3)

	ↄ
ↄ		ↄ
	ↄ

shop wash what top

4)

	ᴧ
ᴧ		ᴧ
	ᴧ

cut come touch much

5)

	ӕ
ӕ		ӕ
	ӕ

back tap cap bat

6)

	u
u		u
	U

could bush should book

7)

	ei
ei		ei
	ei

pain page jail nail

8)

	e
e		e
	e

yes sell tell yet

9)

	əu
əu		əu
	əu

wrote roll loan tone

APPENDIX 2

Pronunciation test

A Letters and sounds

1 Underline the word with a different vowel sound.

Example hot hold gone swan

1. black want mad hand

2. case lake name care

3. soap hope sold soup

4. what hot most salt

5. foot look blood push

6. rude luck run but

7. leave beach bread clean

My score = ____/7

2 Underline the word if one of the consonant letters is not pronounced.

Example camp crisp climb cost

1. lamb label cable cab

2. recipe repeat receipt rope

3. listen winter eaten after

4. hour hate home hill

5. old pile half help

6. cold calm colour film

7. hurry hairy hungry here

My score = ____/7

3 Add the consonant sound to the word to make another word.

Example /g/ + eight = gate

1. /k/ + aim =

2. /k/ + ache =

3. /l/ + eight =

4. /r/ + owes =

5. /w/ + eight =

6. /s/ + eyes =

7. /h/ + eye =

8. /b/ + air =

9. /b/ + earn =

My score = ____/9 x 2 = ____/18

 4 Listen and underline the word you hear.

1. Have you got a pan / pin / pen I could borrow?

2. We should clean the cut / cat / cot first.

3. You won't be able to fill / feel / fail this.

4. I think that's the west / worst / waist.

5. The cot / coat / courts too small.

6. I don't think it's far / fur / fair, you know.

7. What time did the woman / women arrive?

8. The officer's / office's here.

9. I used to have a bet / vet / pet.

10. I got a good price / prize for it.

11. They didn't suit / shoot him.

12. I think it's in the code / coat / coach.

13. That's a fine / wine / vine colour.

14. His hack / hag was broken.

15. You can smell it in the air / hair.

16. You'll have to watch / wash the baby.

17. They're singing / sinking.

18. I'll collect / correct / connect it tomorrow.

My score = ____/18

Total score for section A = ____/50

B Syllables, words and sentences

 1 Listen and underline the word you hear.

1. The glass / gas is green.

2. The tooth / truth is out!

3. I can't sell / smell anything.

4. They need / needed more time.

5. I think they want / wanted to talk.

6. There are thirty / thirteen people in my class.

7. Alice is / was here.

8. The books are / were cheap.

9. I think there are some pears and / or grapes.

10. What does / did she say?

11. That smile / That's a mile.

12. We need more sport / support.

13. It's all in the past / pasta now.

14. Our guests / guest came late.

My score = ____/14

2 Which word has a different number of syllables from the others? Underline it.

Example snakes sheep foxes cats

1. likes wants talks washes

2. wanted walked saved brushed

3. chicken chocolate afternoon different

4. about around asleep asked

5. fourteen forty fortieth hundred

6. builds rebuild builder building

7. supermarket waterfall holiday hairdresser

8. school texts over sports

My score = ____/8

3 All the words or expressions in each group have the same number of syllables. Underline the one with stress in a different place.

Example October November December January

1. Saturday holiday tomorrow yesterday

2. morning fifty fifteen August

3. He told me. I like it. She finished. Close the door.

4. Go to bed! Don't worry! What's the time? Fish and chips.

5. table tourist tunnel today

6. mistake famous become remove

7. playground shoe shop first class handbag

8. economics economy education scientific

9. It isn't true. I'll see you soon. No, it isn't. He's not at home.

My score = ____/9 x 2= ____/18

 4 Listen. Are the two expressions pronounced exactly the same on the recording, or is there a difference? Write S for same or D for different.

Example some of each - summer beach D

1. some of you - summer view

2. stopped aching - stop taking

3. Mary knows - Mary's nose

4. Alaska - I'll ask her

5. burnt a cake - burnt the cake

6. greet guests - Greek guests

7. want to talk - wanted to talk

8. I've locked it - I blocked it

9. what's past - what's passed

10. a bitter fruit - a bit of fruit

My score = ____/10

Total score for section B = ____/50

C Conversation

 1 Listen. Which sentence do you hear? Tick (v) a or b.

Example

a Was that the question he asked? v

b 'Was that the question?' he asked.

1 a We walked carefully downstairs. It was dark.

b We walked carefully. Downstairs it was dark.

2 a I saw her clearly. She was hungry.

b I saw her. Clearly, she was hungry.

3 a The word he said was right.

b The word he said was 'right'.

4 a It was cold last night. The roads were icy.

b It was cold. Last night, the roads were icy.

5 a 'Who?' said Martin.

b Who said 'Martin'?

6 a What she said was good.

b What she said was, 'Good'.

7 a Let's go home later. We can have a pizza.

b Let's go home. Later we can have a pizza.

My score = ____/7

 2 Listen. You will only hear the response. Which one is it? Tick a or b.

Example

a - The train leaves at eleven fifteen.

- No it doesn't, it leaves at twelve fifteen.

b - The train leaves at twelve fifty.

- No it doesn't, it leaves at twelve fifteen. v

l) a - Where are you from?

- North Africa.

b - Which part of Africa are you from?

- North Africa.

2) a - Do you have any brothers or sisters?

- Yes, two brothers.

b - You have some brothers, don't you?

- Yes, two brothers.

3) a - Would you like anything to drink?

- I'd like red wine, please.

b - Would you like red or white?

- I'd like red wine, please.

4) a - Malaga's in the south of Italy.

- No it isn't, it's in the south of Spain.

b - Malaga's in the north of Spain.

- No it isn't, it's in the south of Spain.

5) a - Let's go tomorrow.

- It's closed tomorrow.

b - When is it closed?

- It's closed tomorrow.

6) a - What's upstairs?

- Menswear is upstairs.

b - Where's menswear?

- Menswear is upstairs.

7) a - We had to stay in a five-star hotel.

- How awful for you!

b - We spent two days in the airport.

- How awful for you!

8) a - I got an A in the exam!

- Well done!

b - I've crashed the car again.

- Well done!

My score = ____/8

 3 Listen. How does the speaker sound? Underline the best alternative. Note that the punctuation is not written, so you must decide just from the pronunciation. Start with The speaker sounds as if he/she…

Example Nice day isn't it The speaker sounds as if he/she is/isn't asking a question

1. She plays a lot of instruments piano guitar ... is / isn't going to continue the list.

2. Well that is truly amazing ... is / isn't really amazed.

4. You're coming here tomorrow ... is / isn't asking a question.

5. Oh, thank you very much ... does / doesn't really mean it.

6. Next to the supermarket ... is / isn't asking a question.

7. I got up had a shower and got dressed ... is / isn't going to continue the list.

8. Oh really how interesting ... is / isn't really interested.

9. You're from Brazil aren't you ... is / isn't asking a question.

10. I think that's my bag ... is / isn't sure about it.

11. Yes it's quite good ... is / isn't going to say 'but...'

My score = ____/10

Total score for Section C = ____/25 x 2 = ____/50

FURTHER PRACTICE

Sound pairs

Sound pair 1: /ӕ/ and /e/

Listen to the words in the box.

man – men gas – guess

had – head sad – said

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. bad / bed

9. dad / dead

10. sat / set

11. marry / merry

12. Talk to the man / men.

Sound pair 2: /ӕ/ and /ᴧ /

Listen to the words in the box.

ran – run match – much

cat – cut sang – sung

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. fan / fun

9. cap / cup

8. rang / rung

8. She's got a cat / cut on her arm.

9. He's sung / He sang in public.

Sound pair 3: /ӕ/ and /a:/

Listen to the words in the box.

hat – heart match – March

had – hard pack – park

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. cat / cart

9. match / March

8. had a / harder problem

8. He always packs / parks slowly.

9. She put her hand on her hat / heart.

Sound pair 4: /ei/ and /e/

Listen to the words in the box.

main – men late – let

weight – wet pain – pen

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. gate / get

9. paper / pepper

8. waste / west

8. What would happen if we fail / fell?

9. I've got a pain / pen in my hand.

Sound pair 5: /ei/ and /eə/

Listen to the words in the box.

way – wear they – there

pays – pears stays – stairs

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. they / their

8. stays / stairs

8. hey / hair

9. I don't want to pay / a pear.

10. There's no way / nowhere to go.

Sound pair 6: /eə/ and /a:/

Listen to the words in the box.

fare – far bear – bar

stairs – stars care – car

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box.

If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. fare / far

8. bare / bar

8. cares / cars

9. I don't think it's fair / far.

10. We slept under the stairs / stars.

Sound pair 7: /a:/ and /ↄ:/

Listen to the words in the box.

farm – form bar – bore

part – port star – store

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box.

If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear

two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. farm / form

9. park / pork

8. There are thousands of stars / stores.

8. You can visit any part / port.

9. I don't think it's far / four.

Sound pair 8: /eə/ and /iə/

Listen to the words in the box.

hair – here chairs – cheers

fair – fear bear – beer

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. where / we're

9. dare / dear

8. chairs / cheers

8. hair / hear

9. There's something in the air / ear.

Sound pair 9: /ᴧ/ and /a:/

Listen to the words in the box.

come – calm duck – dark

much – March cut – cart

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. hut / heart

9. much / March

8. duck / dark

8. cut / cart

9. Try to come / calm down.

Sound pair 10: /i/ and /i:/

Listen to the words in the box.

hit – heat chip – cheap

rich – reach live – leave

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. chip / cheap

9. fit / feet

8. He doesn't want to live / leave.

8. Can you fill / feel it?

9. Do you want to sit / a seat?

Sound pair 11: /i:/ and /iə/

Listen to the words in the box.

knee – near he – here

be – beer tea – tear

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. we / we're

9. knee / near

8. pea / pier

8. feed / feared

9. Who is he / here?

Sound pair 12: /e/ and /ə:/

Listen to the words in the box.

head – heard bed – bird

west – worst feather – further

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. ten / turn

9. lend / learned

8. Jenny / journey

8. That's a nice bed / bird.

9. This is the west / worst side.

Sound pair 13: /i/ and /e/

Listen to the words in the box.

did – dead sit – set

lift –left bill – bell

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. miss / mess

9. bill / bell

8. will / well

8. Who dropped the litter / letter?

9. You should take the lift / left.

Sound pair 14: /ↄ/ and /au/

Listen to the words in the box.

want – won’t not – note

cost – coast shone – shown

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. not / note

9. rob / robe

8. goat / got

8. They want / won't sleep.

9. The cost / coast is clear.

Sound pair 15: /ↄ/ and /ᴧ/

Listen to the words in the box.

lock – luck gone – gun

shot – shut not – nut

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. not / nut

9. lock / luck

8. They shot / shut the door.

8. This shirt has a horrible collar / colour.

9. Did you see they're gone / their gun?

Sound pair 16: /au/ and /u:/

Listen to the words in the box.

show – shoe blow – blue

toe – two soap – soup

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. soap / soup

9. rule / roll

8. There's water in my boat / boot.

8. He went to the north pool / pole.

9. We grow / grew strawberries.

Sound pair 17: /au/ and / ↄ:/

Listen to the words in the box.

coat – caught boat – bought

low – law woke – walk

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. so / saw

9. low / law

8. coal / call

8. It's a new bowl / ball.

9. I woke / walk in the morning.

Sound pair 18: /əu/ and /au/

Listen to the words in the box.

no – now phoned – found

blows – blouse tone – town

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. know / now

8. blows / blouse

8. It isn't a load / allowed.

9. I don't want to show her / a shower.

10. Tim phoned / found her.

Sound pair 19: /u/ and /u:/

Listen to the words in the box.

full – fool	pull – pool
look – Luke

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. Luke / look

9. full / fool

8. pull / pool

8. Should I? / shoe dye

9. The butcher / boots you saw.

Sound pair 20: /ᴧ/ and /u/

Listen to the words in the box.

luck – look

bucks – books

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

5. bucks / books

5. luck / look

Sound pair 21: /ᴧ/ and /ə:/

Listen to the words in the box.

shut – shirt such – search

suffer – surfer ton – turn

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. but / Bert

9. hut / hurt

8. under / earned a

8. suffer / surfer

9. It looks like the butcher's shut / shirt.

Sound pair 22: /ᴧ/ and /e/

Listen to the words in the box.

won – when butter – better

study – steady nut – net

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. but / bet

9. study / steady

8. won / when

8. He shot a gun / again.

9. This one's butter / better.

Sound pair 23: /ↄ:/ and /ↄ/

Listen to the words in the box.

short – shot sport – spot

order – odder port – pot

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. short / shot

9. order / odder

8. sport / spot

8. water ski / what a ski

9. There's coffee in the port / pot.

Sound pair 24: /ə:/ and /iə/

Listen to the words in the box.

bird – beard were – we're

her – hear fur – fear

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. bird / beard

8. were / we're

8. fur / fear

9. I can't see if it's her / here

10. 12 He has a black bird / beard.

Sound pair 25: /ə:/ and /eə/

Listen to the words in the box.

her – hair were – where

fur – fair bird – bared

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. were / where

8. stir / stair

8. bird / bared

9. I can't see if it's her / hair.

10. It isn't fur / fair.

Sound pair 26: /ə:/ and /ↄ:/

Listen to the words in the box.

worked – walked burn – born

shirt – short bird – bored

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. bird / bored

9. sir / saw

8. shirt / short

8. You weren't first / forced to do it.

9. We worked / walked all day.

Sound pair 27: /ə:/ and /a:/

Listen to the words in the box.

hurt – heart further – father

heard – hard firm – farm

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. fur / far

9. hurt / heart

8. further / father

8. The question wasn't heard / hard.

9. She owned a firm / farm.

Sound pair 28: /b/ and /p/

Listen to the words in the box.

bill – pill back – pack

cubs – cups big – pig

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. bill / pill

9. bush / push

8. The soldiers lay on their backs / packs.

8. They tied the robe / rope round his neck.

9. There's a bear / pear in that tree.

Sound pair 29: /b/ and /v/

Listen to the words in the box.

best – vest	bet – vet
cupboard – covered

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. bet / vet

9. They've ached / They baked all day.

8. summer beach / some of each

8. Say 'boil' / Save oil.

9. I brushed it / I’ve rushed it.

Sound pair 30: /p/ and /f/

Listen to the words in the box.

pull – full wipe – wife

copy – coffee supper – suffer

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. pool / fool

9. pine / fine

8. He was driving past / fast.

8. a nicer pear / a nice affair

9. a change of pace / face

Sound pair 31: /s/ and /z/

Listen to the words in the box.

place – plays rice – rise

Sue – zoo east – eased

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. ice / eyes

9. sip / zip

8. They race / raise horses here.

8. What's wrong with your niece / knees today?

9. I just want some peace / peas please.

Sound pair 32: /s/ and /ʃ/

Listen to the words in the box.

same – shame fist – fished

self – shelf sell – shell

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box.

If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. sign / shine

9. mass / mash

8. I didn't save / shave for years.

8. They didn't suit / shoot him.

9. They sat on the seat / sheet.

Sound pairs 33: /s/ and /Ɵ/, /z/ and /ð/

Listen to the words in the box.

sink – think bays – bathe

worse – worth closed – clothed

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. sing / thing

9. breeze / breathe

8. That's a funny sort / thought.

8. Her mouse / mouth seems to be smiling.

9. Are they closed / clothed yet?

Sound pair 34: /d/ and /t/

Listen to the words in the box.

hard – heart dune – tune

road – wrote die – tie

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. said / set

9. down / town

8. I forgot the code / coat.

8. It's a very wide / white beach.

9. She started riding / writing young.

Sound pairs 35: /t/ and /Ɵ/, /d/ and /ð/

Listen to the words in the box.

tree – three breed – breathe

boat – both dough – though

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. tree / three

9. day / they

8. I don't want your tanks / thanks!

8. That's what I taught / thought!

9. They couldn't breed / breathe very well.

Sound pairs 36: /t/ and /ʧ/, /d/ and /ʤ/

Listen to the words in the box.

art – arch paid – page

what – watch head – hedge

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. taught / torch

9. aid / age

8. It's a tropical beat / beach.

8. He took the coat / coach all the way to London.

9. It went over my head / hedge into the next garden.

Sound pair 37: /f/ and /v/

Listen to the words in the box.

leaf – leave safer – saver

half – halve ferry – very

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. that sofa / that's over

9. This is where we lift / lived.

8. That's quite a few / view!

8. Ask your wife's / wives' friends.

9. a current affair / of air

Sound pair 38: /v/ and /w/

Listen to the words in the box.

vet – wet invite – in white

veil – whale verse – worse

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. made of air / made aware

9. Which is verse / worse?

8. It's next to the vine / wine.

8. It's in the vest / west.

9. half a weight / half of eight

Sound pairs 39: /f/ and /Ɵ/, /v/ and /ð/

Listen to the words in the box.

fin – thin loaves – loathes

deaf – death van – than

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. first / thirst

9. I got these free / three gifts.

8. It's a fort / thought.

8. What some of us / What's a mother's first thought.

9. I don't know Eva / either.

Sound pair 40: /g/ and /k/

Listen to the words in the box.

goat – coat dog – dock

glass – class pig – pick

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. The gap's / cap's too small.

8. His bag / hack was broken.

8. Did you see the ghost / coast?

9. There was a guard / card by the door.

10. Is it gold / cold?.

Sound pair 41: /h/ and /-/

Listen to the words in the box.

hill – ill hear – ear

hold – old hall – all

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. hate / eight

9. heart / art

8. You can smell it in the hair / air.

8. She lost her hearing / earring.

9. They aren't heating / eating it properly.

Sound pair 42: /j/ and /ʤ/

Listen to the words in the box.

use – juice yoke – joke

your – jaw yet – jet

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. yet / jet

9. until you lie / until July

8. I don't see the yoke / joke.

8. Did you see yours / Jaws?

9. What's the use / juice?

Sound pairs 43: /h/ and /ʃ/, /h/ and /f/

Listen to the words in the box.

hip – ship horse – force

hot – shot hate – fate

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. I think the holder's / shoulder's broken.

8. You have to hold / fold it there.

8. I can't sleep with this heat / sheet.

9. I don't think it's hair / fair.

10. The boss hired / fired me.

Sound pair 44: /ʧ/ and /ʃ/

Listen to the words in the box.

cheap – sheep watch – wash

chair – share witch – wish

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. choose / shoes

9. chair / share

8. I tried to catch / cash the cheque.

8. But there aren't any chips / ships!

9. You'll have to watch / wash the baby.

Sound pair 45: /ʧ/ and /ʤ/

Listen to the words in the box.

chin – gin chain – Jane

rich – ridge H – age

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. chose / Joe's

9. cheap / jeep

8. dreamt of enormous riches / ridges.

8. Hair-loss starts with H / age.

9. I don't think it's in tune / June.

Sound pairs 46: /ts/ and /ʧ/, /dz/ and /ʤ/

Listen to the words in the box.

cats – catch raids – rage

mats – match aids – age

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. arts / arch

9. aids / age

8. ats / each

8. Watch / What's the time/ / ?

9. They suffered the raids / rage of the bandits.

Sound pairs 47: /tr/ and /ʧ/, /dr/ and /ʤ/

Listen to the words in the box.

trees – cheese draw – jaw

train – chain drunk – junk

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word you hear.

8. trips / chips

9. drunk / junk

8. The train / chain isn't moving.

8. There's something in the trees / cheese.

9. It's in the lower drawer / jaw.

Sound pair 48: /n/, /ŋ/ and /ŋk/

Listen to the words in the box.

thin – thing thing – think

sinner – singer singing – sinking

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. hand / hanged

8. win / wing

8. Robin Banks / robbing banks

9. I ran / rang home yesterday.

10. They're singing / sinking.

Sound pairs 49: /m/ and /n/, /m/ and /ŋ/

Listen to the words in the box.

some – sun game – gain

smack – snack some – sung

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen. Underline the word or phrase you hear.

8. term / turn

9. mice / nice

10. The son warned / sun warmed me.

11. It's mine / nine already!

12. You have to swim / swing to the left.

Sound pair 50: /l/ and /r/

Listen to the words in the box.

light – write alive – arrive

lock – rock flight – fright

Listen. The speaker will say two words from the box. If you hear the same word twice, write S (same). If you hear two different words, write D (different).

1 … 2 … 3 … 4 … 5 … 6 … 7 …

Listen Underline the word you hear.

8. They played / prayed for the team.

9. It wasn't long / wrong.

10. They glow / grow in the dark.

11. There were flies / fries all around my burger.

12. I'll collect / correct it tomorrow.

Sentence stress

You will speak more fluently if you say some very common expressions with a fixed pronunciation, like a single word. The expressions below are grouped according to their stress pattern.

Listen and repeat.

oOo

Good morning.

Good evening.

Excuse me!

How are you?

You're welcome.

I'd love to.

OoO

What's your name?

What's the time?

Thanks a lot.

Close the door.

Yes, of course.

Come and see!

Don't forget.

oOoO

A piece of cake.

The shop was closed.

It's time to go.

I spoke to John.

A cup of tea.

OoOo

See you later!

Just a moment.

Pleased to meet you.

Where's the station?

OOo

No problem!

Don't worry.

Keep quiet!

Please help us.

Who told you?

OOoo

How much is it?

How far is it?

What time is it?

What day was it?

OooO

What do you do?

Where are you from?

Where do you live?

Where were you born?

When does it leave?

How do you do?

What do you want?

ooOo

Can you help me?

Do you like it?

Are you coming?

Was it raining?

There's a problem.

ooOoO

Would you like a drink?

Do you want to come?

Is it time to go?

Is it far from home?

GLOSSARY

accent An accent is the way the people of a place pronounce their language. For example, people in London and Sydney both speak English, but they have different accents.

auxiliary verb An auxiliary verb is a verb which does not have a meaning by itself; it helps the grammar of the sentence. For example, in Do you like music?, do is an auxiliary verb.

careful speech / fast speech People pronounce sentences differently when they speak carefully. For example, you may use careful speech when you are talking in public or reading aloud. But in normal conversation you would use fast speech.

consonant sound A consonant sound is a sound we make by obstructing the flow of air from the mouth.

contraction A contraction is a short form of an auxiliary verb in writing. For example, are is contracted to 're in they're.

emphasising Emphasising in speech is like underlining in writing; we use it to make one word stand out as more important than the others. We can emphasise words by pronouncing them louder, longer and/or higher.

minimal pair If two words are pronounced nearly the same, but they have just one sound different, they are a minimal pair. For example, in the pair ship /ʃip/ and sheep /ʃi:p/, only the second sound is different.

native speaker If you are a native speaker of a language, that language is your first language, the language which you learnt as a young child.

phonemic symbol A phonemic symbol is a sign which represents a sound. For example, the first sound in shoe is represented by the phonemic symbol /ʃ/.

rhyme Two words rhyme if they have the same final vowel or vowel and consonant sounds. For example, go rhymes with show and hat rhymes with cat.

sentence stress Sentence stress is the pattern of strong and weak syllables in a sentence. For example, the sentence How do you do? is normally said with this sentence stress pattern: OooO (the first and last syllables strong, the second and third syllables weak).

sound A sound is the minimum segment of the pronunciation of a word. For example, the word this has three sounds: /ð/, /i/ and /s/.

stress pattern The pattern of strong and weak syllables in a word or sentence is its stress pattern. In this book, stress patterns are represented by big and small circles. For example, the stress pattern of the word pronunciation is oooOo.

syllable A syllable is a word or part of a word that has one vowel sound. It may also have one or more consonant sounds. For example, ago has two syllables. The first syllable is just one vowel sound. The second syllable is a consonant sound followed by a vowel sound.

tone A tone is the way your voice goes up or down when you say a sentence. This can change the meaning of the sentence.

unstressed An unstressed syllable is one which is not pronounced strongly.

voice Many pairs of consonant sounds are similar, but one of them is voiced and the other is not. For example, /d/ is similar to /t/, but /d/ is voiced and /t/ is not. A consonant is voiced when there is vibration in the throat.

vowel sound A vowel sound is a sound we make when we don't obstruct the air flow from the mouth in speaking.

weak vowels Unstressed syllables often contain a weak vowel. The most common weak vowel is schwa /ə/. This is the first vowel sound in about, for example. The vowel /i/ is also sometimes weak, in the second syllable of orange, for example.

word stress Word stress is the pattern of strong and weak syllables in a word. For example, the word decided has three syllables and the second one is pronounced more strongly. So decided has this word stress pattern: oOo.