X table of contents.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 17, 18, & 19 P. 41

THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE WRIST AND HAND.

General observations. Superficial and deep palmar arches. Wounds of these vessels requiring a ligature to be applied to both ends. General surgical remarks on the arteries of the upper limb. Palmar abscess, &c.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 20 & 21. P. 45

THE RELATIVE POSITION OF THE CRANIAL, NASAL, ORAL, AND PHARYNGEAL CAVITIES, ETC.

Fractures of the cranium, and the operation of trephining anatomi­cally considered. Instrumental measures in reference to the fauces, tonsils, oesophagus, and lungs.

COMMENTARY ON PLATE 22 P. 49

THE RELATIVE POSITION OF THE SUPERFICIAL ORGANS OF THE THORAX AND ABDOMEN.

Application to correct physical diagnosis. Changes in the relative position of the organs during the respiratory motions. Changes effected by disease. Physiological remarks on wounds of the thorax and on pleuritic effusion. Symmetry of the organs, &c.

COMMENTARY ON PLATE 23 P. 53

THE RELATIVE POSITION OF THE DEEPER ORGANS OF THE THORAX AND THOSE OF THE ABDOMEN.

Of the heart in reference to auscultation and percussion. Of the lungs, ditto. Relative capacity of the thorax and abdomen as influenced by the motions of the diaphragm. Abdominal respiration. Physical causes of abdominal herniae. Enlarged liver as affecting the capacity of the thorax and abdomen. Physiological remarks on wounds of the lungs. Pneumothorax, emphysema, &c.

COMMENTARY ON PLATE 24 P. 57

THE RELATIONS OF THE PRINCIPAL BLOODVESSELS TO THE VISCERA OF THE THORACICO-ABDOMINAL CAVITY.

Symmetrical arrangement of the vessels arising from the median thoracico-abdominal aorta, &c. Special relations of the aorta. Aortic sounds. Aortic aneurism and its effects on neighbouring organs. Paracentesis thoracis. Physical causes of dropsy. Hepatic abscess. Chronic enlargements of the liver and spleen as affecting the relative position of other parts. Biliary concretions. Wounds of the intes­tines. Artificial anus.

COMMENTARY ON PLATE 25 P. 61

THE RELATION OF THE PRINCIPAL BLOODVESSELS OF THE THORAX AND ABDOMEN TO THE OSSEOUS SKELETON.

The vessels conforming to the shape of the skeleton. Analogy between the branches arising from both ends of the aorta. Their normal and abnormal conditions. Varieties as to the length of these arteries considered surgically. Measurements of the abdomen and thorax compared. Anastomosing branches of the thoracic and abdominal parts of the aorta.

COMMENTARY ON PLATE 26 P. 65

THE RELATION OF THE INTERNAL PARTS TO THE EXTERNAL SURFACE.

In health and disease. Displacement of the lungs from pleuritic effusion. Paracentesis thoracis. Hydrops pericardii. Puncturation. Abdominal and ovarian dropsy as influencing the position of the viscera. Diagnosis of both dropsies. Paracentesis abdominis. Vascular ob­structions and their effects.

COMMENTARY ON PLATE 27 P. 69

THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE SUPERFICIAL PARTS AND BLOODVESSELS OF THE INGUINO-FEMORAL REGION.

Physical causes of the greater frequency of inguinal and femoral herniae. The surface considered in reference to the subjacent parts.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 28 & 29 P. 73

THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, AND FOURTH LAYERS OF THE INGUINAL REGION, IN CONNEXION WITH THOSE OF THE THIGH.

The external abdominal ring and spermatic cord. Cremaster muscle--how formed. The parts considered in reference to inguinal hernia. The saphenous opening, spermatic cord, and femoral vessels in relation to femoral hernia.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 30 & 31 P. 71

THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE FIFTH, SIXTH, SEVENTH, AND EIGHTH LAYERS OF THE INGUINAL REGION, AND THEIR CONNEXION WITH THOSE OF THE THIGH.

The conjoined tendon, internal inguinal ring, and cremaster muscle, considered in reference to the descent of the testicle and of the hernia. The structure and direction of the inguinal canal.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 32, 33, & 34 P. 81

THE DISSECTION OF THE OBLIQUE OR EXTERNAL, AND OF THE DIRECT OR INTERNAL INGUINAL HERNIA.

Their points of origin and their relations to the inguinal rings. The triangle of Hesselbach. Investments and varieties of the external inguinal hernia, its relations to the epigastric artery, and its position in the canal. Bubonocele, complete and scrotal varieties in the male. Internal inguinal hernia considered in reference to the same points. Corresponding varieties of both herniae in the female.

TABLE OF CONTENTS. xi

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 35, 36, 37, & 38 P. 85

THE DISTINCTIVE DIAGNOSIS BETWEEN EXTERNAL AND INTER­NAL INGUINAL HERNIAE, THE TAXIS, SEAT OF STRICTURE, AND THE OPERATION.

Both herniae compared as to position and structural characters. The co-existence of both rendering diagnosis difficult. The oblique chang­ing to the direct hernia as to position, but not in relation to the epigas­tric artery. The taxis performed in reference to the position of both as regards the canal and abdominal rings. The seat of stricture varying. The sac. The lines of incision required to avoid the epigastric artery. Necessity for opening the sac.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 39 & 40 P. 89

DEMONSTRATIONS OF THE NATURE OF CONGENITAL AND INFAN­TILE INGUINAL HERNIAE, AND OF HYDROCELE.

Descent of the testicle. The testicle in the scrotum. Isolation of its tunica vaginalis. The tunica vaginalis communicating with the ab­domen. Sacculated serous spermatic canal. Hydrocele of the isolated tunica vaginalis. Congenital hernia and hydrocele. Infantile hernia. Oblique inguinal hernia. How formed and characterized.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 41 & 42 P. 93

DEMONSTRATIONS OF THE ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF INGUINAL HERNIAE IN GENERAL.

Formation of the serous sac. Formation of congenital hernia. Hernia in the canal of Nuck. Formation of infantile hernia. Dilata­tion of the serous sac. Funnel-shaped investments of the hernia. Descent of the hernia like that of the testicle. Varieties of infantile hernia. Sacculated cord. Oblique internal inguinal hernia--cannot be congenital. Varieties of internal hernia. Direct external hernia. Varieties of the inguinal canal.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 43 & 44 P. 97

THE DISSECTION OF FEMORAL HERNIA AND THE SEAT OF STRICTURE.

Compared with the inguinal variety. Position and relations. Sheath of the femoral vessels and of the hernia. Crural ring and canal. For­mation of the sac. Saphenous opening. Relations of the hernia. Varieties of the obturator and epigastric arteries. Course of the hernia. Investments. Causes and situations of the stricture.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 45 & 46 P. 101

DEMONSTRATIONS OF THE ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF FEMORAL HERNIA; ITS DIAGNOSIS, THE TAXIS, AND THE OPERA­TION.

Its course compared with that of the inguinal hernia. Its invest­ments and relations. Its diagnosis from inguinal hernia, &c. Its varieties. Mode of performing the taxis according to the course of the hernia. The operation for the strangulated condition. Proper lines in which incisions should be made. Necessity for and mode of opening the sac.

COMMENTARY ON PLATE 47 P. 105

THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE PRINCIPAL BLOODVESSELS AND NERVES OF THE ILIAC AND FEMORAL REGIONS.

The femoral triangle. Eligible place for tying the femoral artery. The operations of Scarpa and Hunter. Remarks on the common femoral artery. Ligature of the external iliac artery according to the seat of aneurism.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 48 & 49 P. 109

THE RELATIVE ANATOMY OF THE MALE PELVIC ORGANS.

Physiological remarks on the functions of the abdominal muscles. Effects of spinal injuries on the processes of defecation and micturition. Function of the bladder. Its change of form and position in various states. Relation to the peritonaeum. Neck of the bladder. The prostate. Puncturation of the bladder by the rectum. The pudic ar­tery.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 50 & 51 P. 113

THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES OF THE MALE PERINAEUM.

Remarks on the median line. Congenital malformations. Extrava­sation of urine into the sac of the superficial fascia. Symmetry of the parts. Surgical boundaries of the perinaeum. Median and lateral im­portant parts to be avoided in lithotomy, and the operation for fistula in ano.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 52 & 53 P. 117

THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE DEEP STRUCTURES OF THE MALE PERINAEUM; THE LATERAL OPERATION OF LITHO­TOMY.

Relative position of the parts at the base of the bladder. Puncture of the bladder through the rectum and of the urethra in the perinaeum. General rules for lithotomy.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 54, 55, & 56 P. 121

THE SURGICAL DISSECTION OF THE MALE BLADDER AND URETHRA; LATERAL AND BILATERAL LITHOTOMY COM­PARED.

Lines of incision in both operations. Urethral muscles--their analogies and significations. Direction, form, length, structure, &c., of the urethra at different ages. Third lobe of the prostate. Physiological remarks. Trigone vesical. Bas fond of the bladder. Natural form of the prostate at different ages.

COMMENTARY ON PLATES 57 & 58 P. 125

CONGENITAL AND PATHOLOGICAL DEFORMITIES OF THE PRE­PUCE AND URETHRA; STRICTURES AND MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTIONS OF THE URETHRA.

General remarks. Congenital phymosis. Gonorrhoeal paraphymosis and phymosis. Effect of circumcision. Protrusion of the glans through an ulcerated opening in the prepuce. Congenital hypospadias. Ulcerated perforations of the urethra. Congenital epispadias. Urethral fistula, stricture, and catheterism. Sacculated urethra. Stricture opposite the bulb and the membranous portion of the urethra. Observa­tions respecting the frequency of stricture in these parts. Calculus at the bulb. Polypus of the urethra. Calculus in its membranous por­tion. Stricture midway between the meatus and bulb. Old callous stricture, its form, &c. Spasmodic stricture of the urethra by the urethral muscles. Organic stricture. Surgical observations.