08.01.15 (12/3): Preparation for the test

I Use of English, part 2 Gold u5

1. offences / offenses

2. inaccuracies

3. vandalism

4. outcome

5. procedures (court proceedings)

6. error (The accident was due to human error.)

7. incidence (incidence of crime = crime rate)

8. indication

9 manageable

10 uncertainty

II Cloze test: Rules, laws and norms (Gold, u 5 p 71)

Function of text: information, an extended definition of related concepts

A Summary of concepts of Rules, laws and norms

Rules: The concept of rules refers to certain standards of behavior or some regulations which form a basis for social or institutional life (in schools, in work places, on public transport); written or unwritten, formal and informal, may vary their function is to regulate behavior, conduct in various settings, e.g. schools, dinner parties, sport, public transport, games.

Laws – The concept of laws refers to more formalized rules which are of special importance in the life of society, the punishment for disrespecting them may be a fine, or imprisonment; written formal statements of what can and what cannot be done; if they are not followed, one runs the risk of being punished, by receiving a penalty or a prison sentence; they are enforced by special social organizations which are the police and courts.

Norms – The concept of norms refers to social standards which any mature member of a community or society will know and follow so that life is harmonious, peaceful, without conflicts; will refer mainly to social life and rules of behaviour in society, they tell what is acceptable behavior and what is not; manners, etiquette will often be associated with norms.

1 can/may

2 by / in

3 written

4 as

5 best/clearest

6 to

7 found

8 breaking/infringing/violating

9 such

10 like

11 more

12 members

13 example / instance

14 passed

15 next

III Cloze test Robber caught by his jeans (Gold u 5, p 76)

1 what

2 on / into

3 to

4 carrying

5 although

6 having

7 due / owing

8 who

9 taken

10 two

11 those

12 enough / sufficient

13 can

14 worn

15 has

IV Transformations b Exercise 6, p 71

1

• I recommend (that) you (should) follow / take his advice

without (any) argument.

• I recommend following / taking his advice without (any)

argument.

• I recommend you to take/follow his advice without argument

2 Did all the guests have / need to wear formal clothing?

3 You didn’t have / need to do military service in that country.

4 She is/has been banned from playing in any further matches this season.

5 He’s already proved himself capable of managing without (any) help.

6 You don’t have to make up your mind (right) now.

modality lexical

7 I don’t think students should (have to) take / sit / do exams.

8 He only managed / was only able to escape / get away from them because he ran so fast.

*He could escape from them – it does not mean he actually did it.

Part 3

26 capacity

27 come

28 run

29 apply

30 bearing

31 deal

VI Part 4 Transformations

32 Failure to ___________________________ your dismissal.

32 Failure to observe the company’s dress code may result in your dismissal.

33 Through _____________________ ended up breaking the law.

33 Through no fault of her own, Malanie ended up breaking the law.

34 Once _____________________________________, the offer of a job will be confirmed.

Once your / a medical examination has been successfully completed, the offer of a job will be confirmed.

35 It ______________________________ are any plans for a new sports centre or not.

It is yet / remains to be seen whether there are any plans for a new sports centre or not.

36 It will _______________________________ what the exact contents of the college magazine will be.

It will be up to the students to decide what the exact contents of the college magazine will be.

37 It was Tony ____________________________ increased at the disco.

It was Tony who suggested that the entrance fee (should) be increased at the disco.

38 Rarely _____________________________ meeting a famous celebrity.

Rarely does one have/get the chance of meeting a famous celebrity.

39 Rumour has ______________________________ signing a new contract with the film studio.

Rumour has it that Miranda is on the verge/point of signing a new contract with the film studio.

18.12.14 (11/2)