VI Forms of punishment

• prison, jail, gaol, the nick (slang)

• probation (on probation)

• psychiatric treatment (diminished responsibility)

• detention centre (borstal) for juvenile offenders (rehabilitate)

• counselling

• a suspended (jail) sentence

• the death sentence

• penal colony

• community service

• parole

III Listening:

A – reading: two juvenile offenders and their situations

B – listening for specific points (made either by one or the other speaker, or both speakers)

C Colloquial language in conversation between two juvenile offenders

• to be in the nick

• to get away with

• to make sb change their tune

• to take the soft option

• a bad lad / record

• to come down to London

• to have it in for somebody (did not like him, could not stand him)

• a slave-driver

• to be more canny

• to be half-dead

• to have words / a word with sb

• to get put away – go to prison

• to get in with somebody (a bad crowd)

11.12.2014 (10/11)

I Test

II Describing places

A beautiful place / a place of great natural beauty you have been to and which affected you in various ways.

• The mountains: valley, slopes covered with a forest, peak

• The seaside: a long stretch of the beach; more dramatic cliffs, hills

• River with hills

• The Rhine Waterfall – teacher’s choice of a beautiful place visited last summer

III Literature group’s choices of breath-taking scenery

• What did the place look like? What features of landscape/seascape did you most admire there?

• How did the place affect you emotionally – what feelings did it evoke in you?

• How did it affect you intellectually – what did you think there? What were your reflections on things?

1 the Bieszczady Mountains

2 Czarny Staw in the Tatra Mountains

3 the Baltic Sea beaches and the whole coast

4 New Zealand

IV Viewing: The De Moreno Glacier in Patagonia

Everything is in the process of change, and the changes cannot be reversed.

The arrow of time which dictates the direction of change in the world of nature and in human life.

Humans consider the world of Nature permanent, unchanging, and very often contrast it with their own lives,

We are compelled to travel into the future.

V Concepts associated with humans confronted with the world of nature

• Fragility of human life

• A sense of human insignificance in the face of Nature

• Pristine condition of nature untouched by man

• Power of Nature

• Grandeur of mountain chains, valleys, the Grand Canyon

• A sense of sublimity / the sublime

• Majesty of nature

• Picturesque quality

• Pure Nature

• A sense of being at peace with oneself

• Breathing views

• Awe-inspiring – inspire awe in the beholder

• A sense of shock

• Amazement

• Being overwhelmed by forces greater than Man

• Relief from city life, the stresses and strains of our daily life

• Relaxation