Задания к тексту 2

1. Запомните значения ключевых слов: the split-phase machine – двигатель с расщепленными фазами; auxiliary – вспомогательный; capacitor – конденсатор; fractional-horsepower motor – маломощный двигатель; displacement – перемещение; torque – вращающий момент.

2. Определите значение следующих слов, не пользуясь словарем: motor, spectrum, construction, rotor, stator, phase, generally, to start, centrifugally, to operate, synchronous, electronic starting switches.

3. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем.

4. Назовите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: лошадиная сила, конденсатор, вспомогательная обмотка, главная обмотка, цепь, выключатель.

5. Заполните пропуски соответствующими словами (capacitor , auxiliary, general-purpose):

1. The capacitor-start motor has a squirrel-cage rotor and both a main and an ………..winding on the stator.

2. The auxiliary winding and its………….. are switched out of the circuit by a starting switch.

3. The capacitor-start motor is …………motor of the fractional-horsepower motor spectrum.

TEXT 3

Conductors

Conductors are materials with a low resistance. Current can easily passes through them. The lower the resistance of the material, the more current passes through it.

The most common conductors are metals. Silver and cooper are the best of them. The advantage of cooper is that it is much cheaper than silver. Thus, cooper is widely used to produce conductors. One of the common functions of wire conductors is connecting voltage source to a load resistance. Since cooper conductors have a low resistance a minimum voltage drop is produced in them. Thus, all of the voltage can produce current in the load resistance. Most materials change the value of resistance when their temperature changes.

Задания к тексту 3

1. Запомните значения ключевых слов: a low resistance- низкое сопротивление, voltage source- источник напряжения, voltage drop – падение напряжения.

2. Определите значение следующих слов, не пользуясь словарем: materials, temperature, minimum, silver, conductors, cooper.

3. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем.

4. Назовите английские эквиваленты следующих слов: медь, серебро, низкое сопротивление, самый распространенный, используется.

5. Расположите слова в нужном порядке:

a) have, low, conductors, drop, in them, cooper, a minimum, a resistance, since, voltage, is produced.

b) them, easily, through, passes, current, can.

c) are, materials, conductors, resistance, a low, with.

TEXT 4

Electromagnetism

Electromagnetism is one of the four fundamental interactions in nature. The other three are the strong interaction, the weak interaction and gravitation. Electromagnetism is the force that causes the interaction between electrically charged particles; the areas in which this happens are called electromagnetic fields.

Electromagnetism is responsible for practically all the phenomena encountered in daily life, with the exception of gravity. Ordinary matter takes its form as a result of intermolecular forces between individual molecules in matter. Electromagnetism is also the force which holds electrons and protons together inside atoms, which are the building blocks of molecules. This governs the processes involved in chemistry, which arise from interactions between the electrons inside and between atoms.

The «father» of the fields of electromagnetism is Michael Faraday who studied the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a DC electric current. While conducting these studies, Faraday established the basis for the electromagnetic field concept in physics. He similarly discovered electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism, and laws of electrolysis. He established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became viable for use in technology.