Тексты для чтения по направлению подготовки бакалавров

230400 – «Информационные системы и технологии»

TEXT 1

Information technology

IT is the area of managing technology and spans wide variety of areas that include computer software, information systems, computer hardware, programming languages but are not limited to things such as processes, and data constructs. In short, anything that renders data, information or perceived knowledge in any visual format whatsoever, via any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered part of the IT domain. IT provides businesses with four sets of core services to help execute the business strategy: business process automation, providing information, connecting with customers, and productivity tools.

IT professionals perform a variety of functions that ranges from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as management and administration of entire systems. Information technology is starting to spread further than the conventional personal computer and network technologies, and more into integrations of other technologies such as the use of cell phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which is increasing the demand for such jobs.

Задания к тексту 1

1. Запомните значения ключевых слов: managing technology – управление технологией, to span – охватывать, software – программное обеспечение, programming languages – языки программирования, domain – область, to perform – выполнять.

2. Определите значение следующих слов, не пользуясь словарем: information technology, personal computer, integrations, phones, televisions, automobiles, functions, multimedia.

3. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем.

4. Назовите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: IT профессионалы, IT обеспечивает бизнес, автоматизация, связь с клиентами, обязанность, управление данными, административная система.

5. Заполните пропуски соответствующими словами и словосочетаниями: management, business process automation, multimedia distribution, engineering computer hardware,

1. IT provides businesses with four sets of core services to help execute the business strategy:……. providing information, connecting with customers, and productivity tools.

2. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking,……. database and software design, as well as ……and administration of entire systems.

3. Anything that renders data, information or perceived knowledge in any visual format whatsoever, via any ……..mechanism, is considered part of the IT domain.

TEXT 2

Digital computers

Digital computers can be divided into three main types, depending on their size and power: mainframes, minicomputers and microcomputers.

“Mainframes” are the largest and most powerful computers. The basic configuration of a mainframe consists of a central system which processes immense amounts of data very quickly. This central system provides data information and computing facilities for hundreds of terminals connected together in a network. Mainframes are used by large companies, factories and universities.

“Minicomputers” are smaller and less powerful than mainframes. They can handle multitasking, that is, they can perform more than one task at the same time. Minicomputers are mainly used as file servers for terminals. Typical applications include academic computing, software engineering and other sophisticated applications in which many users share resources.

“Microcomputers” are smaller than mainframes and minis, and carry out their processing on a single microchip. They are used as personal computers in the home or as workstations for group work. Examples of micros are the IBM PC or the Apple Macintosh. Broadly speaking, there two classes of personal computers: (a) desktop PCs, which are designed to be placed on your desk, and (b) portable PCs, which can be as tiny as a notebook. This is why they are also called “notebooks” and “laptops”. These are the smallest and least powerful computers, but the latest models can run as fast as similar desktop computers and can have similar configurations. They are ideal for business executives who travel a lot.