II. Знайдіть відповіді на запитання.

1. What is the meaning of “minerals”?

2. What are the main properties of minerals?

3. What are the categories minerals can be grouped into?

4. What are the most widespread iron deposits?

5. What is the main component of steel?

III. Вкажіть номери речень які відповідають змісту текста.

1. The continental crust contains less iron and magnesium than the oceanic crust.

2. Mineral deposits are seldom equally rich throughout.

3. As sediments grow larger and are buried deeper, increasing pres­sure and rising temperature produce physical and chemical changes in them.

4. Iron has played a large part in the development of our modern civilization.

5. Surface mining is a very economical method of working iron fields.

IV. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть 2, 4, 5, 6 та 7 абзаци тексту.

V. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх на українську мову. Визначте в кожному з них видо-часову форму, стан та інфінітив дієслова-присудка.

1. Automation is being increasingly used in all branches of our industry.

2. The papers have not yet been sent.

3. In spite of the fact that the report was short, it covered the subject completely.

4. He told me that he had never worked at the mine.

5. I hope we shall never deal with this matter again.

VI. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх на українську мову, звертаючи увагу на типи підпорядкування.

1. The people who were organizing the conference made a good deal of work.

2. Experiments have shown that laser can be used effectively for welding.

3. Because red, green and blue give the largest range of colors when mixed, they are known as the primary colors.

4. When they had covered three quarter of the way, the balloon began to go down.

5. In order that miners’ work becomes safer and easier automatic control systems must be used.

VII. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх на українську мову, звертаючи увагу на функції слів one (ones), this (these), that (those).

1. One cannot that it’s easy to combine work and study.

2. Lobachevsky is one of those who laid the foundation of mathematical science.

3. The problems of water supply in the town are as important as those of lighting.

4. I’ll show you the engine that we must test.

5. This machine proved to be more effective than the one we had used.

VIII. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх на українську мову, звертаючи увагу на форми та функції інфінітиву.

1. To recognize valuable minerals it is necessary to know their distinctive physical properties.

2. It is difficult to understand the nature of fossils without studying their origin.

3. The valuable information to be collected by sputniks will help to improve the previous results.

4. He supposes to finish the calculations in an hour.

5. To give a much more exact estimation of the deposit is the main task of detailed exploration.

IІI варіант

I. Прочитайте та усно перекладіть текст Earth's Crust

1. Most mineral resources are derived from the Earth's crust. The crust is composed of minerals that are crystalline solids with specific and rather simple composition. Minerals in the Earth's crust are concentrated into specific groups which are called rocks. Two distinctly different types of crust are recognized: oceanic and continental.

2. Since it is difficult to investigate the floor of the ocean, the composition of the oceanic crust is not known completely. Scientists say that it is relatively constant in composition. The oceanic floor consists largely of minerals rich in calcium, magnesium, iron and silicon, and it is formed by the cooling of lavas extruded on the sea floor. It is subjected to the same forces of erosion and weathering.

3. The continental crust contains less iron and magnesium than the oceanic crust, but relatively more silicon, aluminium, sodium and potassium. The continental crust is more complicated and has a more variable thickness and a less well defined structure.

4. A systematic examination of all known rock types shows that two principal types predominate: 1) igneous rocks which are formed by the cooling and crystallization of liquids from deep in the crust called magma; 2) sedimentary rocks which are formed by sedimentation and gradual cementation of sediments by the action of water, ice, wind and organisms. Most of the sediments are deposited in the sea along the continents.

5. As sediments grow larger and are buried deeper, increasing pres­sure and rising temperature produce physical and chemical changes in them. This process is slow — hundreds of millions of years are necessary. As weathering and erosion occur, some substances are dissolved and removed in solution, while others are transported as suspended particles.

6. Continental crust contains extremely varied types of rock. The oceanic crust, by contrast, shows little variation in composition. It is quite possible to say that the rock-forming processes which we can observe today, have been active for at least 3,500 million years.