II. Look through the text again and answer the following questions:

1. What kinds of piston-type internal combustion engines do you know?

2. What was gasoline engine selected for?

3. Why did begin a return to smaller engines?

4. Why do all the moving parts of the automobile require lubrication?

5. What are gears and bearings in lightly loaded components fabricated from?

III. Match the words with their definitions and make up your own sentences with these words:

turbine	a) an engine that burns oil as fuel;
consumption	b) the arrival of an important event;
diesel	c) a machine or motor driven by a wheel which is turned by a current of water or steam;
advent	d) to press or squeeze smth. into a smaller space;
camshaft	e) the process of burning;
to compress	f) a rod with a cam on it joining parts of body;
layout	g) an ability to produce a satisfactory results;
efficiency	h)the way in which the parts of smth. are arranged;
lubricant	i) a device that allows part of a machine to turn smoothly;
bearing	j) a substance that is put on or in smth. to move easily;

IV. Find the information about new engine performance. While looking for information you are free to use the internet sites given below as well as any other online resources.

Make a short presentation in front of the class.

Resources recommended:

www.automobile.com

www.wikeipedia.com

www.motorcars.com

www.euromotocars.com

Text 22

I. Read the text about internal-combustion engines.

Internal combustion engines

While the steam engine remained dominant in industry and transportation during much of the 19th century, engineers and scientists began developing other sources and converters of energy. One of the most important of these was the internal-combustion engine. In such a device a fuel and oxidizer are burned within the engine and the products of combustion act directly on piston or rotor surfaces. By contrast, an external-combustion device, such as the steam engine, employs a secondary working fluid that is interposed between the combustion chamber and power-producing elements. By the early 1900s the internal-combustion engine had replaced the steam engine as the most broadly applied power-generating system not only because of its higher thermal efficiency but also because it provided a low-weight, reasonably compact, self-contained power plant.The German engineer Nikolaus August Otto is generally credited with having built the first practical internal-combustion engine (1876), though several rudimentary devices had appeared earlier in the century.

In 1885 Gottlieb Daimler, another German engineer, modified the four-cycle Otto engine so that it burned gasoline (instead of coal powder) and built the first successful high-speed internal-combustion engine. Within several decades the gasoline engine found wide application in motorcycles, automobiles, and small trucks. Another type of internal-combustion engine was introduced by Rudolf Diesel, also of Germany, in the early 1890s.Named for its inventor, the diesel engine was more efficient than engines of the Otto variety and was fueled by heavy oil, which is cheaper and less volatile than gasoline. As a result, it was adopted as the primary power plant for submarines, railway locomotives, and heavy machinery.