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английский язык в сфере юриспруденции.doc
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Unit 1. Law and society

Vocabulary

Exercise 1. Read the following words and expressions. Translate them into Russian.

  1. law, legal, civil law, criminal law, public law, constitutional law, financial law, employment law, contract law, common law, inheritance law.

  2. to observe law, to violate law, to enforce law, to keep within law, to apply law, to amend law.

Exercise 2. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents.

  1. 1. to create law

2. to violate law

3. to observe law

4. to apply law

5. to amend law

6. to enforce law

  1. соблюдать закон

  1. приводить закон в жизнь

  1. вносить поправки в закон

  1. создавать закон

  1. применять закон

  1. нарушать закон

Exercise 3. Match the word combinations with their Russian equivalents.

1. environmental law

2. employment law

3. contract law

4. copyright law

5. housing law

6. common law

7. case law

8. inheritance law

9. executive law

a) исполнительное право

b) прецедентное право

c) жилищное право

d) нормы по охране

окружающей среды

e) общее право

f) авторское право

g) наследственное право

h) трудовое право

j) договорное право

Exercise 4. Match the legal terms with their definitions.

Criminal law regulates

International law regulates

Financial law deals with

Property law governs

Intellectual property law aims at

Constitutional law concerns

Family law covers

1. social structure, organization of state power and the legal status of citizens. Its principal source is the country’s Constitution.

  1. the budget, taxation, state credits, and other spheres of financial activity.

  1. the relations between the state and individual people and bodies. It defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishment applied to criminals.

  1. disputes between citizens and the state, or between one state and another.

  1. ownership and possession.

  1. safeguarding creators and other producers of intellectual goods and services.

  1. marriage and divorce proceedings, the rights of children and rights to property and money in the event of separation.

Exercise 5. Fill in the gaps with the words and word combinations from the box.

1. custom and precedents 2. advice 3. codes 4. legislators 5. changed

Systems of common law and civil law also differ in how law is created and how it can be 1_____. Common law is derived from 2_____. In the common law system, the precedent is itself law. Therefore, the judges who decide which party will prevail in any given trial are also the creators of common law. Civil law, on the other hand, is made by 3_____ who try to supplement and memorize the 4_____, usually with the 5_____ of legal scholars.

READING

Exercise 6. Read and translate the text.