Vocabulary

19 Write down the definitions.

1. to exclude ___________________________________________________________________

2. distribution __________________________________________________________________

3. trimming ___________________________________________________________________

4. overstressing ________________________________________________________________

5. to liquefy ___________________________________________________________________

6. to pose ___________________________________________________________________

7. segregation __________________________________________________________________

8. reduction ___________________________________________________________________

20 Match the synonyms.

1 to pose	decrease
2 distribution	to melt
3 reduction	to present
4 segregation	allocation
5 overstressing	separation
6 to liquefy	to delete
7 trimming	overloading
8 to exclude	levelling

21 Write down some word-combinations with the words below.

1. segregation__________________________________________________________________

2. reduction ___________________________________________________________________

3. distribution __________________________________________________________________

4. to exclude ___________________________________________________________________

5. to pose _____________________________________________________________________

22 Underline the proper words.

1. Last voyage inadequate trimming led to local overstressing/segregation of the ship's starboard side structures.

2. BC Code poses/excludes guidance on the standards to be applied in the safe stowage and shipment of grain.

3. Materials overstressing/posing chemical hazards only when carried in bulk must comply with stowage and segregation/distribution requirements.

4. As a stringent rule, cargoes should always be liquefied/trimmed properly after loading.

5. Concentrates and certain ores may exclude/liquefy thus the actual moisture content must be well below moisture point.

6. Stability reduction/trimming is caused by shifting of cargoes in a seaway because of their angle of repose.

7. High density of many bulk cargoes due to incorrect distribution/reduction may lead to structural damage of the ship’s structures.

23 Ask and answer adding a professional question.

What is trimming? Have you ever trimmed any cargo?

How do you understand overstressing? When can it appear?

What is meant by segregation? What materials did you use for it?

• to liquefy

• distribution

• to exclude

• reduction

24 Discuss.

What is a can test?

25 Read the case and match the photos with proper descriptions.