Substitution Patterns

1) To be good at – бути сильним (здатним) у якому-небудь предметі

Syn. to be clever at Ant. to be poor at – быть слабым

"What is Jim	good at?"
	clever at poor at
"He is	good at solving problems".
	clever at memorizing foreign words poor at biology

2) "Can you help me with this	text?"
	problem theorem formula
"Certainly". Of course, I can. You're welcome.

3) "Why didn't you attend the previous				lesson in physics?"
				lecture on history extra lesson laboratory classes
"The point is that		I was not well". I didn't know about it. I couldn't leave my sick brother. I was late for it.
4) "What mark did you get for your			composition?" translation test examination
"I was given	an excellent mark". a good mark a satisfactory mark a bad mark

5) "Where can I see	the headmaster?" the French teacher the tutor
"He is probably in	the headmaster's office". the staff room the school canteen

Exercise 1. Do the substitution patterns.

Conversations

"Have you written your composition, Ben? It's due today."

"Of course. And what about you? "

"Not yet. I didn't think it would be so difficult and started it only yesterday."

"Well, it will teach you a lesson. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today, you know."

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"Paul wouldn't like to fail in his exam, would he?"

"Of course he wouldn't. Who would!"

"But he hasn't been working very hard. He thinks he is clever enough to pass his exams without much work, doesn't he?"

"Yes, he relies too much on his memory but I doubt it can carry him out at physics."

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"As sure as eggs is eggs, Bob won't do well at the exam."

"Why do you think so?"

"He has missed much and doesn't attend the extra lessons now."

"No fear. He's quite at home in the subject."

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"How about reading up for the entrance exams together?"

"Fine. And let's ask Jane to join us too, she has passed her finals with honours."

"I don't mind. But she thinks too much of herself, doesn't she?"

"Not in the least. She is a good friend and never refuses to help anybody."

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"What form are you in now, Robert?"

"I'm not in a form yet. I'm in class three. Next year we'll have our eleven plus exams.

If I'm lucky, I'll get good marks and I'll enter a grammar or technical school."

"And which would you prefer?"

"I'd better go to a secondary technical school."

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"Why doesn't Jim work harder?"

"You know that very well – because he's lazy."

"Do you think the teacher will put up with that very long?"

"I'm afraid he won't, and Jim will have to repeat the class."

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"May I go to the cinema tonight, Dad?"

"Yes, you may, if you've done all your lessons."

"And may I stay a little longer than usual?"

"No, you may not. You must be back by nine. You have your exams soon."

Exercise 1. Read the dialogues and translate them.

Exercise 2. Write out all words and phrases according to the topic.

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"Who told you there would be no classes tomorrow?"

"George did."

"Do you think we can believe him?"

"Certainly, I heard the staff head say that, too."

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"Playing truant again, Jim?"

"Yes, I feel like staying away from Mr. West's lesson. He's very strict and keeps

picking at me all the time."

"Well, well. Isn't it wiser to learn lessons better and be present in class?"

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"Hallo, Harry! Why didn't you come to us yesterday? We had a nice table-tennis game."

"You see, my brother took me to a lecture on higher mathematics."

"Was it interesting?"

"Frankly speaking, not. It was all Greek to me and went over my head."

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"You know, Nick was asked to leave the room at the lesson in chemistry."

"Was he really? What did he do to deserve such a severe punishment?"

"He struck a match and burnt a piece of paper at his desk."

"Well, I never expected that of him. Was he reported to his parents?"

"Surely. The teacher demanded his day-book. I think he'll get it hot."

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"Would you like to go and see Nell today?"

"Well, I was thinking of learning some German."

"Oh, but you can do that tomorrow."

"Yes, and I can see Nell tomorrow, too."

Exercise 3. Learn the dialogues by heart and carry them on with your classmate.

Render the contents of the dialogues in Indirect Speech in English.

Exercise 4. State the forms and functions of the participles in the sentences and translate them into your native language.

1. Having opened schools and universities to the entire people, our country could achieve matchless results in the field of science.

2. Schools and universities having been opened to the entire people.

3. Graduating from schools of higher learning, all the young specialists get work according to their speciality.

4. The vast sums being spent on education enable our state to provide qualified specialists for all branches of industry.

Exercise 5. Translate the words and word-combinations into Ukrainian.

Composition, to be due, to demand, to expect, learning, higher mathematics.

Exercise 6. Pick up the details related to the education in the form of quick notes.

(Nick has read an interesting article about education in Britain and

he is telling its contents to his classmate.)

Reading a paper the other day I came across an article about English school.

Goodness gracious! What a complicated system it is, I should say. I never realized that after primary school at the age of 11 schoolchildren have to sit for a special exam to test their "intelligence" and according to the test results they enter different secondary schools: grammar, technical and modern. But the fact is that only grammar and technical schools lead to the university or college.

At modern schools children get a most general education till the age of 15 when they leave school and start work. And do you know how many children usually pass that "intelligence" exam? Only 20%. Those go to grammar and technical schools.

The other 80%, the "less intelligent", who fail in the intelligence test, go to modern schools and actually can't get to the university or college for lack of necessary education. It's a well-established fact, says the article, that the bulk of the pupils in modern schools are the working-class children. You may ask "Why?"

Well, because most of the children of the rich study at special secondary boarding schools with very high fees. The pupils of the so-called public schools, such as Eton, Harrow, Rugby and others, have to pay, for instance, 600 pounds a year.

That's really very expensive in England and keeps the poor away from these schools. Now, I suppose, you can see why this school system so complicated.

Exercise 7. Make the sentences below as true (T) if they give the message of the text below, and false (F) if they change the message.

1. In our country the young people will be sure of a job. 2. In the schools the choosing of careers is made more difficult in a variety of ways. 3. People of different trades and professions come and talk to the children. 4. For the first ten years at school all children receive the same education. 5. Many schools have, in the three top classes, a bias. 6. After the tenth class at the age 15, young people may transfer to another school. 7. The two-year school called a technicum gives a general education as well as preparation for a profession. 8. There is a variety of specialised schools with three or four year courses. 9. The two-year courses include the same general subjects.10. Young people have to seek jobs. 11. A number of people work during the day and study in the evening. 12. In Britain, we don’t have the problem of school leavers. 13. Our school system for youngsters over 15 is more flexible. 14. Most doctors are men.15.The most important thing about the Ukrainian careers situation is the sense of security. 16. There is not the whole field to choose from. 17. There is no social security, and everyone’s labour is not needed. 18. The three-year school doesn’t give a general education as well as preparation for a profession. 19. Our school system for youngsters allows for special interests. 20. School system gives the chance to start on a vocational or professional course while at the same time continuing a general education.

Exercise 8. Analyze the information and use it in practice.