№ 7 (А) medical supervision of adults taking up physical culture and sports

Taking up physical culture and sports for aged people is one of the major factors for promotion of health improving of the population, preservation for long years of creative activity. The successful fulfillment of health-building task of such lessons is becoming possible only with the help of constant and skilled doctor's supervision. The main aim of the doctor's supervision at the training lessons of physical culture and sports for the middle-aged and aged people is the determination of rational motor routine corresponding to anatomophysiological and clinical features of their age. Remedial physical culture and sports medicine have a great variety of special forms and methods for taking up physical exercises. Permission to take up mass physical culture is given on the basis of primary medical examination aimed at determining the state of health and capacity for physical work. At the initial and final parts of training lessons one should take into account the decreasing motor activity and process of excitement which is characteristic for these particular age groups. The training lessons for aged people are to be of health-building and body- strengthening character and should be emotionally colored.

№ 7 ( b ) RATED HEALTH-BUILDING WALKING IS ONE OF THE FORMS TO STRENGTHEN HEALTH IN SANATORIUM CONDITIONS In sanatoria health-building walking is widely used and indicated to all those registered in the sanatorium. The routes of rated walking are recommended depending on gravity of pathological process, course of the disease, sex, age and physical fitness as well as prescribed moving regime - spared one, spared-training, training and training with intensity. Regular walking exercises account for improving to normal breathing rate better external breathing, metabolism and myocard ability to reduce. They eliminate nervous-psychic overstrains, bring sleep and appetite to normal and enhance general physical ability. With spared regime the rated walking begins with 800 - 900m., speed of walking being 70 - 80 paces per minute. If the patient is on spared training regime the distance increases to 1000 -1200 m with the speed being 80 - 90 paces per minute. With training-moving regime the rated walking is to be started with 1200mdistance and speed comes up to 90- 100 paces per minute. As the routes become routine the distance of rated walking daily increases up to 100 - 250m and more, the distance of routes increasing at first and then in two-three days the speed of walking.

№ 8 Massage at ancient times

Where and when did people use massage? As regards this the founder of the Soviet system of massage professor I.M. Sarkisov- Serazini would write:"Not a single nation both in the past and at present can claim the priority of discovering and devising the massage methodic. It can be wrongly asserted that massage was discovered by the Chinese, the Indians or the Greeks". One can only suppose that our ancient predecessors paid attention to the fact that if to rub the injured spot or tired body one could feel relief. So, the people at ancient times began to use some massage methods to cure diseases or help with trauma. History brought to date relics testifying to the application of massage by many peoples of the world at different stages of their development. Thus, the ancient Chinese manuscript "Nei-tszin"(9th century B.C.) read about the diseases which were cured by applying massage alongside medicine. Various types of massage were described. It was at that time that special schools for training massage were set up in China. Thanks to the cultural exchange of China with foreign countries message was introduced in Korea, Viet-Nam, Japan and some Western countries. The ancient Indian book "ayur-Veda" (1600 B.C.) read about the details of massage methods and its application to different parts of the body at certain diseases. Massage application in Ancient Egypt, Abyssinia, Libya and other Arabic countries can be read about with the help of inscriptions and drawings discovered on ancient pyramids and papyrus (12th - 15th centuries B.C.). In Ancient Greece much attention was paid to massage and personal hygiene. People applying massage to each other were depicted on the Greek vases and utensils. In Greece massage was widely spread not only in medicine and hygiene but in sports as well. It was a compulsory subject in ancient Greek schools of physical exercises - "gymnasia". One of the most outstanding lecturers in Greece was Herodicus (484 - 425 B.C.) and Hyppocratus (459 - 377 B.C.). Roman Empire conquering many countries united them into one state. As a result of this famous physicians of Rome brought together and summarized all the best in theory and practice of massage of those countries. It was thanks to the well-known Roman physician Asklepiad (156 - 128 B.C.) that the massage has found its world-wide application.

More detailed methods and methodic of massage were devised by Klavdiy Halen, a senior physician at the school for gladiators. He described nine types of massage. To preserve health and beauty of the body the Romans applied massage in saunas alongside physical exercises. The Roman Empire having collapsed, massage as a kind of health-building and medical treatment vanished as a life style of European peoples for a long time.