- •Международных отношений (у) мид рф
- •Кафедра английского языка № 2
- •Основы политической системы сша The Way They Run America москва
- •Introduction
- •Checks and balances
- •In american government president Executive Branch
- •Supreme court and other federal courts
- •Congress Legislative Branch
- •Text 2 Congressional organization
- •Text 3 How a Bill becomes a Law
- •Text 4 What is the role of the lobbyist?
- •For your information… Growth of the United States original thirteen states
- •Read the text “The Constitution” on page __. Do the task which follows the text.
- •Read the extract from The Brethren by John Grisham on page __. Do the task which follows the text.
- •Read the article “The Human Side of Congress” on page __. Do the task which follows the text.
- •The executive
- •The Government of the United States
- •Text 1 The Administration
- •Impeachment
- •For your information…
- •Read the excerpt from “America and Americans” by j. Steinbeck on page __ and do the tasks which follow the text.
- •Read “The Full Text of President Clinton’s tv Address” on page ___ and answer the questions.
- •Read the excerpt from “The Moneychangers” by Arthur Hailey on page __ and answer the questions. Unit 3 the judiciary
- •Justice of the peace courts
- •Street Law. A Course in Practical Law The Adversary System
- •Judges and Juries
- •Lawyers
- •When Do You Need a Lawyer?
- •For your information…
- •Unit 4 the elections
- •The Announcement
- •(Spring) Nominating conventions
- •And primary elections
- •(Summer) National Conventions
- •The Campaign
- •(November) Election Day
- •(December / January) Electoral College Process
- •(January 20) Inauguration
- •What is the difference between popular vote and electoral vote?
- •Which type of vote elects a president?
- •College bound?
- •Everything you ever wanted to know about the Electoral College system - and now have to ask
- •By Matthew Cooper
- •Q. So these electors, who are they?
- •Q. When and how do they vote?
- •Q. Can electors vote how they please?
- •Q. We know it’s the new House that votes. But is it the new Senate?
- •Q. The President pro tempore of the Senate?
- •For your information… Televised Debates: How it All Started …
- •Reader the constitution a New Nation
- •The Constitution and the Bill of Rights
- •The brethren by j. Grisham (an extract)
- •The human side of congress Representative Jim Wright
- •The full text of president
- •How does Bill Clinton’s tv address correspond with John Steinbeck’s description of Americans’ attitude towards their Presidents?
- •By Arthur Hailey
- •By forum easters
- •Rage of angels
- •By Sidney Sheldon
- •By Mark Twain
- •Bibliography
The Campaign
(The 1st Monday in September – the 1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday in November)
Presidential campaigns traditionally begin on Labor Day, when the Americans end their summer vacations and return to work. In truth, the campaign starts the day the national conventions end. The pace simply increases in September and October as each major party attempts to build support for its candidate. Voters are bombarded from all sides – by radio, television, mail, newspapers, and personal communication – with political material. Long-standing friendships and even marriages can become battlegrounds as Americans argue about issues and candidates. Ordinarily soft-spoken people become outspoken supporters of their candidate. Neighborhood political workers from each party knock on doors and give voters information about the candidates they support.
Television has become a powerful influence. The candidate who lacks personal appeal on TV is at a great disadvantage. It has been said that if Abraham Lincoln were alive today, he probably wouldn’t be elected president because he wasn’t handsome.
(November) Election Day
On the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of the election year, Americans go to their polling places to cast their ballots for president and vice president. Voters do not actually vote for the president and the vice president; instead they are chosen by electoral votes. The small print on each ballot reads: “For electors pledged to George W. Bush”, or whatever the candidate’s name is that year. The number of electors is equal to the number of representatives plus the two senators from that state and 3 additional electors from the District of Columbia.
Thanks to voting machines and computers, Americans usually know the winner by late evening. In fact, the television networks often predict the results of an election as soon as the polls close. They do this by conducting exit polls – asking voters in scientifically selected precincts how they voted.
(December / January) Electoral College Process
On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, the winning electors gather at their respective state capitals to cast their ballots. After the vote is taken, each of the Electoral College meetings sends the announcement of the results to the President of the Senate. On January 6, Congress meets in joint session to tally the ballots. The count of the 538 electoral votes brings the election to an official conclusion. If no candidate for President or Vice President has received a majority of 270 votes, the House voting by states, elects the President, and the Senate, voting as individuals, elects the Vice President.
(January 20) Inauguration
The election cycle ends when the victorious candidate takes the oath of office. The weeks between the election and the swearing-in ceremonies are called the outgoing administration’s lame-duck period. The President-elect must wait more than two months to be inaugurated. The results of the election aren’t official until the new Congress meets and certifies the vote of the Electoral College. The interval between November and January allows the President-elect to assemble an administration, particularly an executive staff and Cabinet.
Task 1. Find in the Text the English for:
идти на избирательные участки
покупать, постоянно растущие в цене, теле и радио эфиры
заявлять о своем намерении
стать легкой мишенью для нападок
проводить единые президентские выборы в масштабах всей страны
отсеять слабых кандидатов
согласиться отдать свои голоса в обмен на…
оказаться в очень невыгодном положении
Section 2.
Glossary
run for election/stand for election - баллотироваться на выборах
heckle - осыпать критическими замечаниями
heckler - человек, шумно выражающий свое несогласие с выступающим оратором.
glad-hand - пожимать руки (потенциальным избирателям)
gaffe - оговорка, неудачное высказывание
spin doctor/spin controller – политтехнолог, специалист по урегулированию конфликтов и связям с общественностью. running mate - кандидат на должность вице-президента
dream ticket - идеально подобранная команда двух претендентов на посты президента и вице-президента
dig for dirt - выискивать компрометирующий материал
to sling mud at sb (mudslinging) - обливать грязью конкурента
cast votes/cast ballots - отдавать свои голоса
to tally ballots - подсчитывать голоса
abstain (from) – воздерживаться от
Electoral College - коллегия выборщиков
landslide (to win a landslide victory) - резкое изменение голосов между партиями (одержать внушительную победу)
the incumbent president - действующий президент
president-elect - избранный, но еще не вступивший в должность президент
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