Active vocabulary to Text b

Humanitarian assistance – гуманитарная помощь

law – закон

distribution – распределение

first aid articles – предметы первой необходимости

foodstuffs – продукты питания

route – маршрут

to collaborate with… – сотрудничать с…

to exist – существовать

appropriate – соответствующий

due to … – благодаря …

regardless of … – независимо от …

Questions on Text b

1. What does humanitarian assistance mean?

2. What law is international humanitarian assistance based on?

3. In accordance with which principles must international humanitarian

assistance be provided?

4. Is international humanitarian assistance provided only by

governmental organizations?

5. What can you say about the role of the UN forces in providing

humanitarian operations?

6. What international organizations do the UN member-states collaborate

with?

7. Why do military forces play a significant role in rendering international

humanitarian assistance?

8. What international humanitarian operations are conducted by the military

forces?

9. What humanitarian supplies are usually delivered to the affected

countries?

10. What countries have been delivered international humanitarian

supplies to?

* * * *

Emergency-and-rescue operations Active Vocabulary to Text a

rescuer – спасатель

alert – тревога

casualty – пострадавший

scale – масштаб

condition – условие

to restore – восстанавливать

to be divided into … – делиться на …

to cover – охватывать

to last – длиться

emergency-and-rescue – аварийно-спасательный

Text a Phases of Rescue Operations

Civil defense organizations are responsible for conducting emergency-and-rescue operations before, during or after a disaster. The three main missions of the emergency-and-rescue operations are: to ensure the survival of people, reestablish essential services and restore damaged infrastructure. The effectiveness of the emergency-and-rescue operations is determined by the quality of communication, information and coordination.

An emergency-and-rescue operation can be divided into three phases: a disaster alert phase, a relief phase and a recovery phase. The disaster alert phase begins with a public warning of a disaster threat and lasts till the time of organized rescue operations. The relief phase starts immediately after a disaster. This phase covers the period from the beginning of rescue operations till the end of evacuation of the population from the emergency area. During this period exceptional measures are provided to save lives of survivors. The recovery phase includes treatment and rehabilitation of the suffered people, reconstruction of basic community services and restoration of living conditions.

The emergency-and-rescue operations are provided by highly qualified, well-trained and experienced rescuers. Rescuer’s work is extremely dangerous, harmful and responsible. Being always ready to render possible assistance to the affected people, rescuers operate in difficult conditions. When a disaster strikes, rescuers make reconnaissance and identify the scale, type and consequences of the emergency. They determine common factors of class and type of construction collapse, number and probable location of casualties in damaged buildings, as well as the presence of toxic gases, radioactive material, biological agents, etc . Rescuers release injured people from debris, damaged structures or shelters with access problems. After releasing operations rescuers identify necessary first aid to be rendered to the suffered people and then move casualties to hospital.