5 The difference between proverbs and sayings
Many scholars tried to do the researches to show the differences between proverbs and sayings in order to point out their border of limit. One of the outstanding Russian scholars the author of "dictionary of vivid Russian language" and "the proverbs of Russian nation" V.I. Dal wrote: saying is the bud and proverb is the fruit. So from this point of view we can see that proverbs express the full finite meaning and saying is a phrase which expresses the fugitive meaning. The sayings are considered to be the half part of the proverbs. We can also add that proverbs and sayings are separate genres which are different from each other [17, 160-166].
There are some features that can be helpful in identifying the proverbs from sayings.
When there are tow logical counters became complete composition the brief summarizing thought appeared. That explains the lack of spare word or description.
to express the idea straightly and logically proverbs are characterized by their features. Every proverb values or appreciates any event both positively and negatively. Such kind of features serve to make the proverbs popular among people.
Proverbs express wise and complete idea and sayings express the description of something but do not give complete meanings. They consist of one compositional composition.
Proverbs can be used in neutral figurative meaning. This features of proverbs widen the sphere of their usage thematically. That's why proverbs are famous among different nations and people. Sayings are characterized by limited usage in one or two nations who are near to each other geographically and in non related languages. For example in Russian «заморить человека» means to eat something has no equivalent or component in Uzbek or English languages.
The sayings are the means of devices or pointing in speech the function of proverbs is to prove any event or situation.
In spite of their own specific features proverbs have general sides which also belong to the other types of folklore. One of such features of the proyerbs is that they are created in language in a very long time and disappear in a long period.
Secondary the idea expressed in the proverb must have global character. It means that those proverbs that describe the characters related to the human beings are the same in all the languages.
Conclusion
The vocabulary of a language is enriched not only by words but also by phraseological units. Phraseological units are word-groups that cannot be made in the process of speech, they exist in the language as ready-made units.
They are compiled in special dictionaries. The same as words phraseological units express a single notion and are used in a sentence as one part of it. American and British lexicographers call such units «idioms».
Proverb is a brief saying that presents a truth or some bit of useful wisdom. It is usually based on common sense or practical experience. The effect of a proverb is, to make the wisdom it tells seem to be self-evident. The same proverb often occurs among several different peoples. True proverbs are sayings that have been passed from generation to generation primarily by word of month. They may also have been put into written form.
A proverb consists of a short sentence which contains a general piece of wisdom.
A proverb contains wisdom which has been handed down from one generation to the next.
A proverb describes situations which happened before and which are repeated again and again.
Proverbs were always the most vivacious and at the same time the most stable part of the national languages, suitable competing with the sayings and aphorisms of outstanding thinkers. In the proverb-; and sayings picturesqueness of national thinking was more vivid expressed as well as their features of national character. The proverbs and sayings are the paper of folklore which is short but deep in the meaning. They express the outlook of the amount of people by their social and ideal functions. Proverbs and sayings include themselves the some certain features of historical development and the culture of people.
The semantic sphere of proverbs is very wide and cannot limit them.
The proverbs describe the every branch of people's life.
The fact is that proverbs and sayings are similar in meaning in spite of their diversity in form and language.