2) Gerund after prepositions

When a verb is placed immediately after a preposition the gerund form must be used:

What can you do besides typing?

I have no objection to hearing your story again.

Touch your toes without bending your knees!

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the sentences in brackets.

1. (Why is it useful to have a car? ) What are the advantages of ……………..

2. (I don’t intend to lend you any money. ) I have no intention of ……………

3. (Helen has a good memory for names.) Helen is good at …………………..

4. (Mark won’t pass the exam. He has no chance.)

Mark has no chance of ………………………………………………………..

5. (Did you get into trouble because you were late?)

Did you get into trouble for……………………………………………………..

6. (We didn’t eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead.)

Instead of ………………………………………………………………………..

7. (Tom thinks that working is better than doing nothing)

Tom prefers working to ………………………………………………………….

8. (They got married. They didn’t tell any of their friends.)

They got married without ………………………………………………………..

9. (Our team played well but we lost the game.)

Our team lost the game in spite of ……………………………………………….

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with a suitable word. Use only one word each time.

1. I ran ten kilometres without ………………………

2. He left the hotel without ……………………. his bill.

3. It’s a nice morning. How about ………………… for a walk?

4. I was surprised that she left without …………………. goodbye to anyone.

5. Before ……………… to bed, I like to have a hot drink.

6. We were able to translate the letter into English without …………….. a dictionary.

7. It was a very long journey. I was very tired after …………………… on a train for 36 hours.

8. I was annoyed because the decision was made without anybody……………me.

9. After ………………… the same job for ten years, I felt I needed a change.

Unit 7 Graphical user interface

user interface – інтерфейс користувача

user account – обліковий запис користувача

GUI (graphical user interface) – графічний інтерфейс користувача

mouse, n – мишка

mouse button – кнопка мишки

mouse click – клацнути мишкою

mouse pointer – вказівник мишки

cursor, n - курсор

cursor keys – курсорні клавішві

double-click – двічі клацнути

double the size – подвоїти розмір

shut down, v – завершити роботу

touchscreen, n – сенсорний монітор, сенсорний дисплей

window, n – вікно

window border – межа вікна

window corner – кут вікна

window size – розмір вікна

window title – заголовок вікна

active window – активне вікно

menu, n - меню

menu bar – смуга меню

submenu, n - підменю

taskbar, n - панель завдань

taskbar button – кнопка панелі завдань

start, v - запустити

start button – кнопка Старт

start menu – меню Старт

start page – початкова сторінка

startup, n - запуск

permanently, adv - постійно

background, n - задній план, тло

scroll, v – протягти, проглядати

scroll arrow – стрілка протягання

scroll bar – смуга протягання

drag, v - перетягнути, перемістити

drop, v – ліквідувати, видалити

find, v - знаходити

undo, v - скасувати

cut, v - вирізати

paste, v - вставити

recycle bin – корзина, смітник

tool, n – інструмент

toolbar, n – панель інструментів

toolbar button – кнопка панелі інструментів

tooltip, n – підказка, пояснення дії

In computing, a graphical user interface (GUI, sometimes pronounced "gooey" or "gwee") is a type of interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in reaction to the perceived steep learning curve of command-line interfaces (CLIs), which require commands to be typed on the keyboard.

The actions in a GUI are usually performed through direct manipulation of the graphical elements. As well as computers, GUIs can be found in hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players, gaming devices and smaller household, office and industry equipment. The term "GUI" tends not to be applied to other low-resolution types of interfaces with display resolutions, such as video games (where HUD is preferred), or not restricted to flat screens, like volumetric displays because the term is restricted to the scope of two-dimensional display screens able to describe generic information, in the tradition of the computer science research at the PARC (Palo Alto Research Center).