Module 7. Cyber crime

№

Term

Definition

Usage

Bootlegger (n)

a person engaged in illegal copying of software; an illegally copied software

bootlegging (n); bootlegged (adj);

syn. pirate, piracy

Breach (n)

an act of breaking or failing to observe a law, agreement, or code of conduct; disclosure of sensitive information to an unauthorized outsider

a ~ of law/contract/policy/code of conduct; do sth in ~ of sth;

syn. violation, infringement

Combat (v)

fight against sth; oppose sth vigorously

~ piracy/computer crime;

syn. fight sth, struggle with sth

Commit (v)

do; perform; dedicate oneself to sth

~ a(n) crime/murder/error/suicide; ~ oneself to sth; ~ sth to memory/ prison; committed (adj): ~ to a cause/principles/idea/doing sth; a ~ employee/worker; commitment (n): show/demonstrate/make no ~;

Comply (v)

meet specified standards; act in accordance with a wish or command

~ with the rules/regulations/law/ standards; (non-)compliance (n); (non-)compliant (adj);

syn. conform to/with, abide by

Copyright (n)

the exclusive right given by law to an author to print, publish, and sell copies of his/her original work

secure/protect/ infringe on/ violate the ~; ~ law/holder; copyrighted (adj), copyrighter (n); copywriting (n)

ant. copyleft

Crack (v)

break or cause to break sth open or apart; find a solution to sth; decipher or interpret sth; break a security system illegally

~ a joke/code/message; a tough nut to ~, ~ down on criminals; crack (n): a ~ dealer/seller; crack (n): a tiny/narrow ~, cracking (n), cracker (n): a black-hat ~;

syn. break, decipher, hack

Crime (n)

illegal activity punishable by law

commit/prevent/report/fight (a) ~; punish sb for a ~; ~ rate/incidence; a victim of ~; petty/serious/violent/ organized ~; criminal (adj), criminally (adv), criminality (n), incriminate (v), incrimination (n);

syn. felony, wrongdoing

Cyberbullying (n)

repeatedly harming or harassing other people online in a deliberate manner

be subject to~; fall/become a victim of ~;

syn. cyberstalking, trolling

Cybercide (n)

the deletion of an individual's entire online presences (the removal of all social media profiles, shared photos, blog posts, directory entries and so on)

be prone to/commit ~; an act of ~;

Cf. suicide, genocide, ecocide

Cyberslacking (n)

using company computer for personal purposes during working hours (playing games, shopping online or using social networking sites)

indulge in/engage in/combat ~; cyberslacker (n);

syn. cyberloafer, cyberloafing

Cybersquatting

(n)

p urchasing a domain name that contains a well-known trademark or commercial name to sell it to the rightful owner for profit

engage in/be (get) involved in

/combat/eliminate ~

Data diddling (n)

modifying data for fun and profit, e.g. modifying grades, changing credit ratings, fixing salaries, or circumventing book-keeping and audit regulations

engage in/be (get) caught ~; data diddler (n)

Disseminate (n)

scatter or spread widely, promulgate extensively; broadcast; disperse

~ information/viruses/knowledge/ ideas/news; dissemination (n);

syn. spread, propagate, promulgate

Filter (v)

remove undesirable data by sifting

~ a list of customers/incoming e-mail/traffic;

syn. sift away

Flooding (n)

an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits; providing more input than the entity can process properly

engage in/suspect/combat/protect against ~; flood (v), flooded (adj), flooding (n);

Cf. mailbombing, packet monkey

Fraud (n)

manipulation of data for criminal purposes, e.g. changing banking records to illegally transfer money to an account

a ~ scheme; control/commit/suspect/ combat/ protect against ~; in case of ~; fraudulence (n), fraudulent (adj), fraudulently (adv), fraudster (n)

syn. cheating, swindling

Hacker (n)

someone who secretly

uses or changes the

information in other

people's computer

systems

speed/teleport/ethical ~;

hack (v), back-hack (v);

syn. cracker

Identity theft (n)

creating a false identity using sb else’s identifying information to make new credit cards or take loans

commit an ~; protect from ~;

accuse sb of ~

Intruder (n)

the one who puts oneself deliberately into a place or situation where one is unwelcome or uninvited

network/computer/impudent ~; attack/alert an ~; intrude (v), (un)intrusive (adj), intrusion (n);

syn. invader, trespasser

Jacking (n)

taking sth in a manner forbidden by law, rules, or custom

click/hi/page-~;

engage in/be (get) involved in/suspect/combat/protect against ~; create a click-~ site; jack in (v); jacker (n): hi/click/page-~;

syn. stealing

Cf. identity theft

Keylogging (n)

installing a program on a victim's machine that records every keystroke made by a user for stealing login and password details

suspect/engage in/combat/protect against/suffer from ~; keylogger (n)

Mousetrapping (n)

forcing an Internet user to stay on a particular website by triggering a mouse trap

engage in/suspect/combat/protect against ~

Packet monkey (n)

sb who intentionally floods a network server or router with data packets in order to make it unreachable by others

Cf. flooding

Phracking (n)

a combination of phreaking with computer hacking

engage in/suspect/combat/protect against ~; phracker (n)

Phreaking (n)

hacking telephone systems, usually for the purpose of making free phone calls

engage in/suspect of /combat/protect against ~; freaker (n)

Piggybacking (n)

gaining unauthorized access to a computer system via another user's legitimate connection

engage in/be (get) involved in/be caught ~; a piggyback

Piracy (n)

the act of illegally copying software, music, or movies that are copyright-protected

computer/software ~; act of ~;

engage in/suspect/combat/commit/ protect against ~; anti-piracy (n): ~ law/measures; pirate (n), pirated (adj);

syn. bootlegging

Pharming (n)

misdirecting traffic from one website to a website controlled by a criminal hacker by altering the domain name system or configuration files on a victim’s computer

engage in/be (get) involved in/ suspect/combat/commit/protect against ~; pharmer (n)

Phishing (n)

sending e-mails or creating web pages that are designed to collect confidential information for penetration, financial fraud or identity theft

engage in/be involved in/be caught ~; phisher (n)

Repudiation (n)

rejection of a proposal or idea; refusal to fulfill or discharge an agreement,

obligation, or debt

~ of a law/contract/policy/idea/ principle; (n); repudiate (v);

syn. reject, renounce

ant. non-repudiation

Salami theft

/slicing (n)

stealing tiny amounts of money from each transaction

engage in/be (get) involved in/be (get) caught (in) ~

Scavenging (n)

looking through discarded listings, tapes, or other information storage media for useful information such as access codes, passwords, or sensitive data

engage in/be (get) involved in/be (get) caught ~;

syn. dumpster diving

Spoofing (n)

deceiving a system into thinking you are someone you really are not to bypass security measures

IP ~; engage in/be (get) involved in/be (get) caught ~; spoofer (n)

Steal (v)

take sb’s property without permission or legal right and without intending to return it

~ sth from sb; stolen (adj), stealth (n), stealthy (adj), stealthily (adv);

syn. theft (n)

Cf. thief

Trojan Horse (n)

an innocent-looking program that has undocumented harmful functions

download/detect/neutralize a ~;

Cf. Easter egg, time bomb, zombie

Trolling (n)

an anti-social act of

causing an interpersonal

conflict and controversy

online, purposely sowing

hatred, bigotry, racism, etc.

go ~; engage in/prevent/tackle/stop (an act of)/suffer from/reduce the risk of ~; troll (v);

syn. cyberbullying

Virus (n)

a computer program designed to replicate and spread itself from one machine to another by human action

download/detect/neutralize/spread/disseminate a ~;

Cf. bot, zombie

Wiretapping (n)

the interception of electronic communications in order to access information

engage in/detect/be (get) caught/protect against/from ~

Worm (n)

a program which spreads through a computer system or network by replicating itself without human action(like a virus) but without integrating itself into its executable code

install/download/detect/neutralize/ spread/disseminate a ~

1. bootlegger

2. combat

3. committed to sth

4. breach

5. stealth

6. cyberslacking

7. filter

1. compliant

2. repudiation

3. violation

4.conformity

5. copyright

6. piracy

7. black-hat cracker

Noun

Verb

Adjective

Adverb

commit

Intruder

criminal

steal

fraudulently

Flood

(non-) compliant

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

fraud

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

a worm/virus

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

commit a(n)

Verb

Target vocabulary unit

spoofing

Target vocabulary unit

Noun

comply with a

1. stealing, jacking

A. modifying data for fun and profit

2. keylogging

B. using company resources for personal reasons during working hours

3. mousetrapping

C. taking sth in a manner forbidden by law, rules, or custom

4. phreaking

D. forcing an Internet user to stay on a particular website

5. data diddling

E. hacking telephone systems, usually for the purpose of making free phone calls

6. pharming

F. recording every keystroke that a user makes for stealing login and password details

7.cyberslacking

G. misdirecting traffic from one Website to a Website controlled by a criminal hacker

8. spoofing

H. deceiving a system into thinking you are someone you really are not

Concepts

Type of logical relations

1. bootlegging – piracy

A. general and specific

2. phracking – cracking

B. cause and effect

3. spoofing – identity theft

C. contrast

4. stealing – salami slicing

D. method and purpose

5. worm – virus

E. part and whole

6. cyberslacking – loss of productivity

F. equivalence

7. firewall – malware protection

stealing vs jacking

phracking vs phreaking

hijacking - page-jacking - click-jacking

keylogging – mouse-trapping

malware – grayware

fraud – theft

hacker – cracker

1

Mark the odd word: a) oppose b) combat c) fight d) struggle

2

All of these may be committed EXCEPT FOR:

a) crime b) a mistake c) a murder d) suicide

3

What is the logical relationship between the concepts “breach - compliance ”:

a) general and specific b) cause and effect c) method and purpose d) contrast

4

A hacker and a cracker differ mostly in the ___ of their activity.

a) method b) purpose c) nature d) location

5

Which of these is synonymous to the word “cyberbullying”:

a) cyberslacking b) cyberstalking c) cybersquatting d) cyberloafing

6

Modifying data for fun and profit is known as ___.

a) phishing b) spoofing c) data diddling d) phreaking

7

One can filter any of these EXCEPT FOR:

a) fraud b) a list of customers c) incoming e-mail d) traffic

8

What is the logical relationship between “malware” and “a virus”:

a) general – specific b) method – purpose c) part – whole d) equivalence

9

Names of all crimes which consist in taking sth in a manner forbidden by law, rules, or custom contain the root ___. a) cide b) jack c) tap d) cyber

10

Choose the correct preposition: Anyone subject ___ cybercrime should be protected by law. a) of b) in c) to d) with

11

The words “trolling”, “cyberbullying”, “cyberstalking” relate to:

a) ill-treatment of people online

b) loss of confidential information

c) stealing sb’s property

d) deceiving people

12

The concepts of “keylogging”, “mousetrapping”, “pharming” relate to all of these EXCEPT FOR:

a) manipulation of people

b) loss of confidential information

c) blackmailing

d) deceiving people

13

The words “hijacking”, “pagejacking”, “clickjacking” relate to:

a) loss of confidential information

b) illegal takeover

c) stealing sb’s property

d) deceiving people

14

The words “piracy”, “bootlegging”, “copyright” relate to:

a) ill-treatment of people online

b) loss of confidential information

c) stealing sb’s intellectual property

d) deceiving people

15

All of these are synonymous to the word “disseminate ” EXCEPT FOR:

a) promote b) spread c) propagate d) promulgate

16

Purchasing a domain name that contains a well-known trademark or commercial name to sell it to the rightful owner for a big profit is known as ___.

a) cyberslacking b) cybersquatting c) cybercide d) cyberbullying

17

He is a convicted credit-card ___.

a) fraudster b) fraud c) fraudulent d) fraudulence

18

All of these collocate with the noun “worm” EXCEPT FOR:

a) install b) commit c) download d) detect

19

The difference between “copyright” and “copyleft” concerns mostly

the authors’ ___ (their) work. a) income from b) manner of c) method of d) interest in

20

A blackhat and a whitehat differ mostly in the ___. a) colour b) size c) shape d) purpose