0. 3.2. The complex subject (субъектный инфинитивный оборот)

Схема английского предложения с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом:

Subject (подлежащее)	Predicate (сказуемое, обычно Passive)	Infinitive (инфинитив)
He	is known	to come tomorrow.	Известно, что он придёт завтра.
She	is said	to be very beautiful.	Говорят, что она очень красивая.
The work	proved	to be useful.	Работа оказалась полезной.

В субъектном инфинитивном обороте инфинитив связан с подлежащим и обозначает действие, относящееся к подлежащему, или состояние, в котором находится подлежащее. При переводе субъектного инфинитивного оборота на русский язык используются вводные слова (говорят, известно, кажется, вероятно и т.д.)

Субъектный инфинитивный оборот используется с теми же глаголами, что и объектный инфинитивный оборот, но инфинитив стоит в форме пассивного залога (Passive). C данным оборотом используются также:

1. глаголы, обозначающие сообщение, высказывание (to say – говорить, to report –

сообщать, to suppose – полагать, to announce – объявлять и др.):

Не is said to have bought a new car. – Говорят, он купил новую машину.

2) глаголы-исключения, выступающие в английском предложении с субъектным

оборотом в качестве сказуемого, но стоящие в форме Active (to seem / to appear –

казаться, по-видимому, to happen / to chance – случаться, to prove / to turn out –

оказаться на самом деле):

She seems to know this man. – Кажется, она знает этого человека.

2. выражения с глаголом to be (to be likely – вероятно, to be unlikely – навряд ли,

сомнительно, to be sure – несомненно, to be certain – наверняка, безусловно):

Не is sure to know her telephone number. – Он, несомненно, знает номер ее телефона.

Упражнение 1

Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на субъектный инфинитивный оборот. 1. It has to be admitted that the conclusion does not always seem to be a logically inevitable one. 2. The substances which are accepted to be present in the mixture should reveal two absorption bands. 3. It is supposed that no very convincing mechanism appears to have been offered for a hypothesis of this nature. 4. This technique is related to the criteria supposed to be built into the machine. 5. The proposal known to have been advanced by our delegate was unanimously greeted. 6. Of the numerous methods of conducting similar experiments to be found in literature, the following are among those which have been proved to be most useful. 7. Whether the person said to be Dmitry were really such is a question which can now never be settled. 8. The proposal that seemed to evoke general approval was unfortunately rejected. 9. The device known to be built by Charles Babbage is now considered to be the parent of modern computers Упражнение 2

Выберите правильный ответ.

1. Teddy’s words made me ______ uncomfortable.

a) to feel b) feeling c) feel

2. Has the secretary come yet? I want to have my papers ______.

a) to type b) type c) typed

3. We expected the Harrisons ______ later than usual.

a) to arrive b) arrive c) arrived

4. I watched my cat ______ with her kittens. I couldn’t tear myself away from that funny sight.

a) played b) playing c) to play

5. Granny didn’t want my Mom ______ my Dad.

a) marry b) to marry c) married

6. The rain seems ______. Call the children. I don’t want them ______.

a) to be, to be got wet through b) to be starting, to get wet through c) to have started, to have got wet through

7. Look, they are probably ______ to the news. They seem ______.

a) to be listening, to be excited b) to listen, to be excited c) to have listened, to be being excited

8. He is sure ______ a liar. Everybody heard him ______ that in so many words.

a) to be, to say b) be, say c) to be, say

9. Jack, you seem ______ too fast. The speed is already 100 miles. I am afraid. I want you ______ the speed till 40 miles.

a) to drive, to slow down b) to be driving, to be slowing down c) to be driving, to slow down

10. He is likely ______ on Sunday.

a) came b) coming c) to come

11. He is thought ______ now.

a) to study b) to be studying c) to have been studied

12. Mary would like her brother ______ Tom’s company.

a) to avoid b) avoid c) avoided

Упражнение 3

Переведите следующий текст, обращая внимание на употребление инфинитива.

The Power of Love

It is also true that the less love you have, the more depression you are likely to experience in your life. Love is probably the best antidepressant because one of the most common sources of depression is feeling unloved. Most depressed people don't love themselves and they do not feel loved by others. They also are very self-focused, making them less attractive to others and they lose opportunities to learn the skills of love.

There is a mythology in our culture that love just happens. As a result, the depressed often sit around passively waiting for someone to love them. But love doesn't work that way. To get love and keep love you have to go out and be active and learn a variety of specific skills.

Most of us get our ideas of love from popular culture. But the pop-culture ideal of love seems to consist of unrealistic images created for entertainment. We think it is love when it's simply distraction and obsession. One consequence is that when we hit real love we become upset and disappointed because there are many things that do not fit the cultural ideal. Some of us get demanding and controlling, wanting someone else to do what we think our ideal of romance should be, without realizing our ideal is misplaced.