2.3.Ответьте на вопрос: “What are the duties of a group tutor?”

2.4. Определите основную идею текста.

1. The school in Bath accepts about one hundred students from different countries who are classified into groups from complete beginners to very advanced.

2. The main methods of teaching at such schools are questioning, interviews and projects; they give students more oral practice.

3. The aim of the Bell group schools is to teach good English at different levels and according to the individual interests of the students.

4. It is very important to form the groups of students according to the results of entrance test.

3. Прочитайте текст “Oxbridge” и выполните задания к нему. Oxbridge

Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest and the most prestigious universities in Great Britain. They are often called collectively Oxbridge. Only the education elite can go to Oxford or Cambridge. Both universities date from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

They are federations of semi-independent colleges, each college having its own staff, known as “Fellows”. Most colleges have their own dining hall, library and chapel (часовня) and contain enough accommodation for at least half of their students. Each college is governed by a Master. The larger ones have more than 400 members, the smallest colleges have less than 30. The Fellows teach the college students either one-to-one – or in small groups, known as “tutorials” in Oxford and “supervisions” in Cambridge. Oxbridge has the lowest student/staff ratio (соотношение) in Britain. Lectures and laboratory work are organized at university level. Before 1970 Oxbridge colleges were single-sex (mostly for men). Now they admit both men and women.

Oxford and Cambridge cling to their traditions, such as the use of Latin at degree ceremonies or the way of student life. The university has a number of societies and clubs, enough for every interest one could imagine. Sport is a common leisure (досуг) activity at Cambridge. The most popular sports are rowing and punting. Significant focus is given to the Boat Race, which is annual held between Cambridge and Oxford teams and watched by millions of viewers.

3.1. Выпишите из текста синонимичное предложение.

1. Oxford and Cambridge universities consist of a number of colleges.

2. Most students are provided with hostel accommodations.

3. Both universities were founded in the medieval period.

4. Students of Cambridge and Oxford take part in the famous Boat Race which is played every year.

3.2. Определите, являются ли следующие утверждения а) истинными; б) ложными; в) не содержатся в тексте. В первом и во втором случае выпишите предложения, подтверждающие или опровергающие информацию.

1. Oxbridge is a collective name for the oldest and most prestigious universities in Britain.

2. Fellows are students at these universities.

3. Lectures are called tutorials and supervisions at Oxbridge.

4. The number of teachers at Oxbridge is smaller than at other universities.

5. Both men and women can be admitted to Oxford and Cambridge.

6. Some of students clubs are called “Greek letter societies”.

3.3. Определите основную идею текста.

1. The term “Oxbridge” is a morphological blend of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, which is used to refer to them collectively in contrast to other British universities.

2. Oxford and Cambridge universities are two intellectual eyes of Britain which have much in common in date of foundation, traditions, general organization, methods of instruction and way of student life.

3. Oxford and Cambridge universities are called collectively “Oxbridge” to describe them as the top-scoring educational institutions in the UK, often with implications of superior social or intellectual status.

SESSION TWO

Advanced Grammar

1. Проанализируйте значения времен совершенного вида и выполните задания.

Present Perfect	Is Sally here? – No, she has just gone out. They have been friends since childhood.
Past Perfect	c) She went for a holiday after she had passed the exam.
Future Perfect	d) By the end of this year I will have learnt English very well.

1. Соотнесите временные формы Perfect и их значения:

а) действие произошло в прошлом, но имеет результат в настоящем;

б) действие произошло ранее другого действия в прошлом

(«предпрошедшее» время);

в) действие произойдет к определенному моменту в будущем

(«предбудущее» время);

г) действие началось в прошлом и длится до момента речи.

2. Найдите обстоятельства времени, которые маркируют указанные выше значения.

1.1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на обстоятельства времени. Образуйте форму Present Perfect.

1. Everyone (to hear) of a real English breakfast. 2. … you (to have) your lunch yet? 3. Here is your watch. I just (to find) it. 4. She (to travel) a lot this year. 5. … you (to see) John lately? 6. Where is your key? – I (to lose) it. 7. The police (to arrest) two men in connection with the robbery. 8. Peter failed in the exam. – He (not to work) hard this term. 9. Who is absent? – Ann. She (to be) ill for a week. 10. What time is he leaving? – He (to leave) already.

2. Сравните предложения в действительном и страдательном залоге и ответьте на вопросы.

Active	Passive
She often invites friends to the party. The children took a dog for a walk. The teacher will ask the students about the grammar rule.	She is often invited to the party. The children were taken for a walk. The teacher will be asked (by the students) about the grammar rule.

1. В каких предложениях подлежащее не является производителем действия?

2. Как может быть выражен деятель в пассиве?

3. В каких временных формах представлены предложения в таблице?

4. Запишите «формулу» образования пассива в английском языке.

2.1. Переведите предложения на русский язык и проанализируйте способы перевода. Обратите внимание на различные видовременные формы пассива.

1. Canada is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific, its motto is “From Sea to Sea”. 2. The term “United Kingdom” has been used in the official government yearbooks since 1922. 3. This film was much spoken about. 4. Ann was being told an interesting story, when I came. 5. He will be offered this job by the company, I think. 6. Have you been explained the rules of the games? 7. You are wanted on the phone. 8. Babies are looked after with great care. 9. Listen, what music is being played? 10. The tourists were shown around the Tower of London.

2.2. Переведите на английский язык, используя времена группы Simple в страдательном залоге.

Мне рассказали Мне рассказывают Мне расскажут

Ее привели Ее приводят Ее приведут

Нам ответили Нам отвечают Нам ответят

Ему помогли Ему помогают Ему помогут

Нас пригласили Нас приглашают Нас пригласят Его позвали Его зовут Его позовут

3. Прочитайте сложные предложения и определите, какое из них является а) сочинительным; б) подчинительным; в) бессоюзным.

1. Australia is a member of the Commonwealth while the USA is not.

2. I can’t speak French but my grandfather does.

3. The book he read yesterday was about the history of London.

3.1. Найдите границы придаточного бессоюзного предложения, переведите на русский.

Model: The people [I talked to during my trip] were very friendly. – Люди, с которыми я разговаривал во время поездки, были очень дружелюбными.

1. I gave her all the money I had. 2. The museum we wanted to visit was shut when we got there. 3. Are these the keys you were looking for? 4. The man I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time. 5. Everything they said was true. 6. The woman I wanted to see was away. 7. What’s the name of the film you are going to see? 8. It was the most boring film I‘ve ever seen.

3.2. Прочитайте примеры сочинительных предложений и выучите парные союзы.

a) Australia as well as the UK is situated on the island.	Австралия, так же как Британия, является островным государством.
b) Both Britain and Australia are washed by seas from all sides.	И Британия, и Австралия со всех сторон омываются морями.
c) Ann speaks English fluently; she studied either in Oxford or in Eton.	Анна бегло говорит по-английски; она училась или в Оксфорде, или в Итоне.
d) Neither my parents nor my friends have been to the UK.	Ни я, ни мои родители не бывали в Соединенном Королевстве.
e) Tom might be a sportsman; he is not only tall but also strong.	Том, должно быть, спортсмен; он не только высокий, но и сильный.

3.3. Используйте парный сочинительный союз.

1. … my sister … I are fond of arts. We often visit exhibitions. 2. Where are you going to spend your holiday? – I don’t know yet. I might go … to Turkey … to Egypt. 3. Peter is a very active student; he takes part … in cultural life at the University … in sports competitions. 4. … Sue … Kate can play tennis. They don’t go in for sports at all.

3.4. Проанализируйте значения подчинительных союзов в предложениях, примеры переведите.

1. Дополнит.	that (что), whether, if (ли)	I know that you will soon forget about it. We don’t know whether the exhibition opens today or tomorrow.
2.Определит.	which, who, that (который, -ая, -ое), whose (чей), whom (которого, которому)	A bus, which goes to the airport, runs every half hour. The official head of the UK is the Queen, who reigns but doesn’t rule. I met a man whose sister knows you.
3. Условия	if (если)	If the weather is lovely, we’ll spend the weekend in the country.
4. Времени	when (когда), while (в то время как, тогда как), till=until (пока не), after (после того как), before (до, прежде чем), since (с тех пор как), as soon as (как только)	When you cross the street in London look right and then left. While mother was watching TV, I did my homework. I’ll wait for you till your lessons are over. I take a shower in the morning after I get up. Call me before you come. As soon as you get off you will see the bank in front of you.
5. Причины	because (потому что), as, for (так как)	As we were in a hurry we took a taxi.
6. Цели	in order to, so that (для того чтобы)	I gave you the address so that you may find us.
7. Следствия	that’s why (поэтому)	You didn’t phone, that’s why I was worried.
8. Уступит.	though, although (хотя)	Though it was raining they went for a walk.

HOME TASK

Подготовка к сессии 3 включает три аспекта:

I. Задания по грамматике; II. Устная речь; III. Чтение.

I. Grammar

Используя «Краткий курс грамматики английского языка», изучите следующие темы (после названия грамматической темы указан соответствующий параграф), ответьте на вопросы и выполните упражнения. Выполняйте задания в тетради.

1. Времена совершенного вида (Perfect Tenses) § 8.4.

   1. Какое действие выражает Present Perfect (Past Perfect, Future Perfect) и как переводятся эти временные формы на русский язык?

   2. Сделайте список наречий и предлогов, уточняющих эти времена.

   3. Как образуется глагол в совершенном времени? Выпишите «общую формулу» образования сказуемого.

Exercise 1. Употребите глагол в Past Perfect. § 8.4.2.

1. She hoped that I already (to pay) for the tickets. 2. When we came the performance (to begin). 3. He went to bed as soon as he (to switch off) the TVset. 4. By the end of the year she (to play) in two films. 5. When they came home the football match (to finish). 6. She went for a holiday after she (to pass) the exam.

Exercise 2. Употребите глагол во Future Perfect. § 8.4.3.

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на использование

Present Simple в придаточных предложениях времени и условия. § 8.2.1.

1. When the uncle returns from Australia his son (to grow up). 2. By the end of this year I (to learn) English very well. 3. I’ll need this magazine. … you (to look it through) by the morning? 4. If you come at nine the concert (to finish). 5. We mustn’t be late. They (to eat) everything by the time we come. 6. Before they choose a suitable house they (to see) hundreds of them. 7. When you go out it (to stop raining). 8. By the end of May she (to pass) all the exams.

2. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice) § 8.7.

1. Что выражает глагол в действительном залоге (Active Voice) и в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice)?

2. Как образуется страдательный залог? Выпишите «общую формулу» образования сказуемого.

3. Формой какого падежа переводится дополнение с предлогом by? 2.4. Законспектируйте способы перевода пассива на русский язык; приведите по одному примеру на каждый способ.

Exercise 3. Образуйте Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

1. The members of the House of Commons (to elect) by people. 2. Queen Elizabeth II (to crown) in 1952. 3. English (to speak) as a second language by many people in India, Pakistan and numerous countries in Africa. 4. … Australia often (to visit) by tourists from other countries? 5. This program (not to show) on TV tomorrow. 6. In 1066 England (to conquer) by the Normans. 7. Why … the newspapers (not to bring) yesterday? 8. Scotland (to join) to the UK in 1707, after a long struggle for its independence.

Exercise 4. Переведите предложения, принимая во внимание разные способы перевода.

1. What is being done in the house for the guests? 2. Some flowers can be cut and brought in from the garden. 3. The second course was followed by fruit salad. 4. His name is often referred to in the articles. 5. He is such a bore. He is never listened to. 6. The policeman has been sent for. 7. This film was much spoken about. 8. We were treated to ice-cream. 9. If you wear this hat you’ll be laughed at. 10. We were shown around the building. 11. Your luggage will be looked after.

3. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs) § 10.

3.1. Чем модальные глаголы отличаются по значению от смысловых глаголов?

3.2. Запишите модальные глаголы в 2 столбика, в зависимости от наличия /отсутствия частицы to перед инфинитивом.

3.3. Для чего нужны эквиваленты (заменители) модальных глаголов?

Exercise 5. Соотнесите модальные глаголы и их значения.

permission (b) physical or mental

ability /disability (a) probability (c)

может

impossibility (d) possibility in a particular situation (e) politeness (f)

1. He can play tennis well and speak Chinese.

2. I haven’t been able to sleep recently.

3. It’s cloudy; it may /might rain in the evening.

4. May / can I take your book?

5. Could you leave me a message, please?

6. We have just had lunch. You can’t (cannot) be hungry.

7. She wasn’t at home when I phoned but I was able to contact her at her office.

Exercise 6. Соотнесите модальные глаголы и их значения. § 10.3. logical necessity (b) moral or social

obligation /duty (a) personal obligation (c)

должен

advice or expectation or plan (e) opinion (d) absence of necessity (f) probability (g)

1. You must work hard in order to pass the exam successfully.

2. Peter is tall and strong, he must be a good sportsman.

3. In Britain schoolchildren have to wear uniform.

4. The delegation is to arrive on Monday.

5. You should eat more fruit and vegetables.

6. We needn’t hurry. We’ve got plenty of time.

7. I ought to pay our debts.

Exercise 7. Вставьте модальные глаголы could, must, was to, had to, might, shouldn’t, will be able to, needn’t, ought to.

1. Ted isn’t at work today, he … be ill. 2. My grandfather was a very clever man. He … speak five languages. 3. You look tired. You … work so hard. 4. It was raining hard and we … wait until it stopped. 5. You … buy the tickets now, you can book them in advance. 6. As they had agreed before, Tom … wait for his girlfriend at the entrance. 7. Children … take care of their parents. 8. I hope he … speak English well next year. 9. Where are you going for your holidays?

– I haven’t decided yet. I … go to London.