4. Относительные местоимения “who”, “whom”, “which” (“that”), “whose”, “where”. §7.

4.1. От чего зависит выбор местоимения who и which?

4.2. Объясните на примере, что относительные местоимения выполняют не только функцию связи, но и замещения.

4.3. Каким членом придаточного предложения являются местоимения who, which, whom, whose, where?

Exercise 8. Соедините предложения, используя союзные слова.

1. London was founded about 2000 years ago by the Romans … gave their settlement the name Londinium. 2. “Londinium” is derived from the Celtic word Llyn-din … means literally “river place”. 3. A mountaineer is a person … ambition is to climb Everest. 4. I see … you mean. 5. Many people think that Big Ben was named after Sir Benjamin Hall, a British engineer, … was responsible for the Clock Tower. 6. Do you know a restaurant … we can have a really good meal? 7. I don’t know the name of the woman to … I spoke on the phone. 8. We didn't know … had happened. 9. The Thames … has always been the part of London history is often called Father of London.

II. Communication

1. Speak on the topic “Our University and My Studies”. Use the text and the tasks on p. 19-21.

2. Speak on the topic “Great Britain”. Use the text and the tasks on p. 32-35.

III. Reading

1. Прочитайте текст “Great Britain” и выполните задания к нему.

Vocabulary

actually – фактически area ['ɜəriə] – площадь, регион coast – побережье to consist of – состоять из government – правительство to influence – влиять island ['ailənd] – остров isle [ail] – остров (обычно с именем собственным) to be known for – быть известным lake – озеро mountain [mauntin] – гора plain – равнина population – население relief – рельеф, ландшафт to separate – разделять to be situated – быть расположенным temperate ['temprit] – умеренный to unite – объединять to vary ['vɜəri] – отличаться, изменяться

Mind some proper names:

to appoint – назначать chamber – палата disadvantage – недостаток equipment – оборудование general election – всеобщие выборы the House of Commons – Палата Общин

hereditary – наследственный highly developed – высокоразвитый to hold (held, held) – проводить legislative power – законодательная власть manufacture – производство majority – большинство nevertheless – однако raw material – сырье to receive [ri'si:v] – получать to rule – управлять vehicle ['vi:ikl] – транспортное средство

the United Kingdom (UK) – Соединенное Королевство Wales (Welsh) – Уэльс (уэльский, валлийский)

Scotland (Scottish) – Шотландия (шотландский язык)

Northern Ireland – Северная Ирландия

Edinburgh ['edinbərə] – Эдинбург

Manchester ['mæntʃəstə] – Манчестер Birmingham ['bə:miŋəm] – Бирмингем the British Isles – Британские острова the Continent = Europe the English Channel – пролив Ла-Манш the Strait of Dover – Дуврский пролив the Atlantic Ocean – Атлантический океан the Irish Sea ['aiəriʃ] – Ирландское море

1.1. Read and translate the following text. Great Britain

When we speak about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland we actually speak about four countries united into one state: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Each of these countries has its language, its capital, and its government. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. At the same time London is the capital of the United Kingdom.

English is the official language, but some people also speak Scottish, Welsh and Irish.

The population of the country is over 57 million people. There are many beautiful cities in Great Britain: Liverpool and Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh, Belfast and Birmingham.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles to the north-west of Europe. The British Isles consist of two large and more than 2000 small islands.

Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers, the English Channel (or La Manche) and the Strait of Dover (or Pas de Calais) separate them from the Continent. The Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea wash the West Coast of the country. The East Coast is washed by the North Sea.

The relief [ri'li:f] of the British Isles varies very much. The north and the west of England are mountainous, but all the rest – east, centre and south – is a vast plain. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain in the UK (it is only 1,343 m. high). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, running from east to west. The Thames is the deepest and the most important river, where London is situated. The Lake District in Northern England with its lakes and valleys is a favourite holiday area. Scotland is also known for the beauty of the lakes, called lochs.

The mountains and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate ['klaimit] of the British Isles. It can be described as mild [maild] and temperate. Winters are warm but summers are cool and wet. Rain falls all the year round. Thick fogs in autumn are typical of the climate of Great Britain.

The UK is a parliamentary monarchy [pa:lə'mentəri 'mo:nəki]. The Queen is the official head of the state. But it is more a tradition than a real fact. In practice the country is ruled by an elected parliament. The legislative power in the country belongs to the British Parliament, which consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The seats are partly hereditary in the House of Lords, but the members of the House of Commons are elected every 5 years.

In Great Britain there are three main political parties: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal. Every five years a general election is held. The party which receives the majority in the House of Commons becomes the party in power; its leader is appointed Prime Minister by the Monarch.

The great disadvantage of Britain’s industry is that it has very few raw materials. Nevertheless the United Kingdom is a highly developed industrial country. Major manufactures include motor vehicles, aerospace equipment, electronic data-processing and telecommunication equipment, petrochemicals. Shipbuilding, fishing and publishing also are important economic industries.

1.2. Show the following on the map of Britain:

1. large and small islands which belong to the British area;

2. seas and oceans Great Britain is washed by;

3. the English Channel which separates the UK from the Continent;

4. the highest mountains – Ben Nevis and Snowdon;

5. the capital cities of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland; 6) the most important industrial cities; 7) the native town of “The Beatles”.

1.3. Say if it is true, false or there is no information in the text.

1. The UK is made up of three countries: England, Scotland and Wales.

2. The British Isles are washed in the east by the North Sea.

3. The climate of the British Isles is mild and warm because of the English Channel.

4. The official head of the state is the Queen who reigns but doesn’t rule the country.

5. Members of both chambers of Parliament are elected every 5 years.

6. The Conservative party is the present-day party in power.

1.4. Answer the following questions.

1. What is the official name of Great Britain?

2. What languages are spoken in the UK?

3. How large is the population and the total area of the country?

4. Where is the country situated?

5. What seas and ocean is Great Britain washed by?

6. The surface of Great Britain varies much, doesn’t it?

7. Why is the British climate mild?

8. What kind of state is the UK?

9. Who rules Britain officially? Who rules Britain in practice?

10. What party won the last general election? Who is the PM now?

11. Great Britain isn’t rich in mineral resources, is it?

12. What are the most important Britain’s industries?

2. Read the text “Advice to a Young Teacher” and do the tasks given below.

Advice to a Young Teacher

1. A higher educational teaching qualification does not make you a professional, in the true sense of the word. Having graduated from the University or possessing a Bachelor degree does not automatically guarantee that the service you provide, is a professional one. Read this article to find out how you can stand out as a true professional in your field: the classroom and school community.

2. Always be on time for work. A professional teacher understands the need to start the day well, every day. Truly professional teachers will make sure that they arrive at least ten minutes before the first bell rings, so as to prepare themselves mentally for the day ahead. Be prepared. Check your diary the night before and plan for your classes. Professional teachers plan thoroughly too for every lesson and class. They stick to their work program and assessment schedule, to ensure that not only syllabus content is covered, but also the necessary skills for their students' longer-term success in their specific subject or learning area. Make sure your notes and handouts are professionally presented.

3. Take an interest in every child. The better you get to know your students, the more influence you will have on their attitude towards your subject, and on their lives in general. Remember the adage: "Teachers touch eternity, they never know where their influence may end.” Treat your students with respect. Never publicly humiliate or belittle your students. Leave their family, background, religion, behaviour, and personal circumstances out of public disciplinary processes and discussions.

4. Consult parents. Try to include parents in the educational process and encourage their support of the school's disciplinary processes and procedures. Be polite and calm when dealing with parents. Keep reminding them that every discussion about the child needs to be undertaken with the child's best interests at heart. As a teacher and a professional, you are likely to be judged by your words and actions. Be passionate, positive, and enthusiastic about your work. At all times, in your interactions with children, parents and members of the public, practice self-restraint, self-control, and assertiveness in declaring that all you do, after all, is in the best interests of the children in your care.

2.1. Say if it is true, false or there is no information in the text.

1. After getting a Bachelor Degree you will become a real professional.

2. A teacher should not discuss his children’s personal information with others.

3. A teacher should always dress tastefully and like a professional.

4. A professional teacher should plan his/her work not only for every day, but for longer periods.

2.2. Choose the paragraph dealing with the following information.

1. A teacher should be respectful for his pupils or students.

2. A good teacher should try to make parents his supporters in maintaining school procedures.

2.3. Choose the correct answer to the question:

“How far does the influence of a teacher extend?”

1. The teacher influences the attitude of his pupils to all the topics covered by his subject.

2. The influence of the teacher often extends beyond the classroom.

3. The teacher influences not only children in his care but also their parents and the community on the whole.

2.4. Choose the adequate summary of the text:

1. A Bachelor Degree does not automatically make a young teacher a professional; he/she must take pains to become one.

2. A teacher should be a model for his pupils in all respects.

3. A good teacher works not only with children but also their parents.

4. A teacher should be passionate, positive and enthusiastic about his work.