Text 19

1. Read and translate the text.

Interpol

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The idea of INTERPOL was born in 1914 at the first International Criminal Police Congress, held in Monaco. This meeting brought together police officers and judicial representatives from 24 countries to find ways to cooperate on solving crimes, notably arrest and extradition procedures, identification techniques and the idea of centralized criminal records.

Officially created in 1923, INTERPOL – the International Criminal Police Organization – has seen its membership grow steadily over the years. Today, 190 member countries work together on a daily basis, using the databases, tools and secure communications systems that the Organization offers.

Interpol is divided into four main bodies – the General Assembly, the Executive Committee, the General Secretariat and the National Central Bureaus.

The General Assembly is composed of the delegates from each member country. The General Assembly controls the policy of the organization.

The Executive Committee is a nine –member board made-up of the president, two vice-presidents, and six delegates chosen by the General Assembly.

The General Secretariat is Interpol’s business division. It contains the “permanent departments” four of which specialize in certain crimes: one handles murder, burglary, assault, larceny, car theft, and missing persons; another deals with bank frauds and other types of embezzlement; a third with drug traffic; and a fourth deals with forgery and counterfeiting.

The National Central Bureaus are the Interpol offices in various countries. Each NCB is empowered to communicate directly with and exchange information with any other NCB.

2. Answer the questions.

1. When was Interpol founded?

2. What is Interpol created for?

3. What is the aim of Interpol’s activity?

4. How many countries cooperate with Interpol?

5. What departments is Interpol composed of?

3. Find in the text the equivalents of the following words and expressions.

Сводить вместе, рассматривать проблему, страны участницы, процедура экстрадиции, уполномочивать, специализироваться в, представители судебной власти, фальшивомонетчество.

4. Write down sentences with the following idioms.

1.A lie begets a lie. Ложь порождает ложь.

2.To kill with kindness. Погубить чрезмерной добротой.

Text 20

1. Read and translate the text.

THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION

The United Nations (UN) was founded on October 24, 1945. It was born as a result of the victory of the anti-Hitler coalition in the Second World War. The emergence of the United Nations as an international organization expressed the will of the peoples to prevent another war.

The UNO plays an important role in the affairs of mankind. The purposes of the UNO are: to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among nations; to achieve cooperation in solving international, economic, social and cultural problems.

The UNO is founded on the following basic principles: all its member-states are sovereign and equal; they are to fulfill their obligations under the Charter. All its member-states are to settle international disputes by peaceful means.

There are six main organs in the UNO: the General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly); the Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security); the Economic and Social Council (for assisting in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development); the Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN); the International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ); and the United Nations Trusteeship Council (which is currently inactive). Other prominent UN System agencies include the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).

There are currently 193 member states, including every internationally recognized sovereign state in the world but Vatican City. From its offices around the world, the UN and its specialized agencies decide on substantive and administrative issues in regular meetings held throughout the year. The United Nations Headquarters resides in international territory in New York City, with further main offices at Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states, and has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.

2. Answer the questions.

1. When was the United Nations (UN) founded?

2. What are the purposes of the UNO?

3. What basic principles is the UNO founded on?

4. What are the main organs in the UNO?

5. How many countries are there in the UNO now?

3. Find in the text the equivalents of the following words and expressions.

Выражать волю народов, предотвращать войну, государство-участник, выполнять обязательства, решать споры мирным путем, штаб-квартира, социально-экономическое сотрудничество.

IV. Write down sentences with the following idioms.

1. Bargain is bargain. Уговор дороже денег. Уговор- святое дело.

3. Poverty is the mother of crime. Нищета – мать преступления.

Контрольная работа № 1

I. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Переведите письменно абзацы 1 и 4.

LAW AND SOCIETY

1. When the world was at a very primitive stage, there was no law. In the absence of law people could rely on the law of the jungle. It meant that the stronger man could do what he liked with the weaker. People lived with the fear of being kidnapped, robbed or murdered.

2. Members of every community made laws for themselves in self-protection. Law is necessary in the interests of the whole society. Rules or laws are drawn up to ensure that members of the society may live and work together in an orderly and peaceable manner.

3.Unfortunately, it is not an easy thing to make satisfactory laws. No country has produced perfect laws yet. However, no law can please everyone. But, in any case imperfect laws are better than no law.

4. Law may be defined as a rule of human conduct enforced by the state. If the rules or laws are broken, compulsion is used to enforce obedience.

Much of law was formed out of the customs of the people. But a great part of the law has been created by statute. The laws made by the government of one country are often very different from the laws of another country. Law today is, to a large extent, a complex of different and relatively independent national systems.