Inferior alveolar

buccal

lingual

mental

*

The purulent foci of the occipital region of the hairy part of the head may infect the internal jugular vein. Why?

Because the anterior jugular veins are the tributaries of the internal jugular vein

Because the external jugular veins are the tributaries of the internal jugular vein

Because the sygmoid sinus is tributary of the internal jugular vein

Because the cavernous sinus is tributary of the internal jugular vein

Because the posterior auricular vein is tributary of the internal jugular vein

*

The patient complaints of the disorder of the sensibility of the facial skin of the frontal and temporal regions. Disorder of what anatomical structure does result in this condition?

infraorbital nerve

maxillary nerve

frontal nerve

auriculotemporal nerve

buccal nerve

*

The patient complains of the loss of the sensibility of the tongue to the pain and temperature. What are affected anatomical structures?

glossopharyngeal nerve

tympanic chord

vagus nerve

hypoglossal nerve

lingual nerve

*

In surgery it's necessary to be careful in Pirogov triangle. What nerve does participate in the formation of the one of the walls of this triangle?

glossopharyngeal nerve

accessory nerve

hypoglossal nerve

lingual nerve

ansa cervicalis

*

The patient with diagnose "Syndrom of the carotid sinus" (decreasing of the heart rhythm and arterial pressure). The branches of what nerve do innervate the carotid sinus?

glossopharyngeal nerve

superior cervical sympathetic nerve

vagus nerve

accessory nerve

hypoglossal nerve

*

There is a disorder of the pain sensibility of the lower limb of the affected side at the patient with posttraumatic compression of the spinal cord. Point out the affected structure:

gracile fascicle

wedge-shaped fascicle

anterior spinothalamic tract

lateral spinothalamic tract

tectospinal tract

*

The cervical muscles providing flexion, extension, decline, lateral turn of the neck were affected in the trauma. What nerves do innervate these muscles?

subclavian nerve

muscular branches of the cervical plexus

ansa cervicalis

accesory nerve

phrenic nerve

*

The irritation of the posterior roots of the spinal cord in osteochondrosis causes the pain syndrom, because by function they are:

motor

Vegetative

mixed

sympathetic

sensitive

*

The lesion of the spinal cord in the region of the cervical intumescence causes the disorder of the work of the muscles of the _______:

head

neck

thorax

brachial girdle and upper limbs

abdomen

*

The surgeon performing the access to the organs of the chest cavity, has made an incision on the anterior chest wall in one of the intercostal spaces. Thus he especially carefully cut the tissue by a scalpel in the anterior medial region of the intercostal space as not to damage the artery, which is located parallel to the edge of the sternum 1-1,5 cm laterally from it. What artery the surgeon afraid to damage?

Internal thoracic artery

Anterior intercostal artery

Superior phrenic artery

Costo-cervical trunk

Inferior phrenic artery

*

The patient, 45 years old, complains of fainting, unsteadiness when walking, impaired coordination of movements. The examination revealed that the patient has an osteochondrosis of the cervical part of the vertabral column and compressed vessel passing through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae. What a vessel is compressed?

A. subclavia

A. carotis externa

A. verterbralis

A. carotis interna

A. occipitalis

*

In a patient of 35 years in trauma of the posterior side of the arm the radial nerve was damaged as the blood vessel passing near it in the canalis humeromuscularis. Which artery was damaged?

A. axillaris

A. radialis

A. brachialis

A. profunda brachii

A. ulnaris

*

During the tracheotomy on patient of 45 years, which was admitter into the emergency department of the hospital with swelling of the throat, a jugular venous arc was inadvertently damaged. Point out location of this venous arch.

Spatium pretrachealе.

Spatium interaponeuroticum suprasternalе.

Spatium retropharyngealе.

Spatium interscalenum.

Spatium antescalenum.

*

At the victim in road accident the doctor revealed a fracture of the left clavicle and circulatory disorder in an upper limb (there is no pulsation of the radial artery). What is the cause of circulatory disorders in the upper limb?

Pressing of axillary artery

Pressing of the subclavian vein

Pressing of the vertebral artery

Pressing of axillary vein

Pressing of the subclavian artery

*

A patient called to the doctor with complaints about the inability to abduct his right upper limb after the trauma. An atrophy of the deltoid muscle was revealed. What nerve is damaged?

Radial nerve

Suprascapular nerve

Axillary nerve

Ulnar nerve

Median nerve

*

After the trauma of the shoulder a patient can not straighten (extend) the hand. An examination was also observed a decrease of pain and temperature sensitivity of the two and a half fingers on the dorsal surface of the hand from the thumb side. What nerve is damaged due to the injury?

Median nerve

Radial nerve

Ulnar nerve

Axillary nerve

Suprascapular nerve

*

The patient has a restriction of the elbow flexion, lowering the tone of the biceps and a loss of sensation on the anterolateral surface of the skin of the forearm. The function of which nerve is damaged?

N. axіllarіs

N. medіanus

N. ulnarіs

N. musculocutaneus

N. radіalіs

*

A teenager was taken to the traumatology department. He was pinched an arm above the elbow by a door during the game. On examination the doctor found the lack of skin sensitivity on the medial surface of the shoulder of the suffered limb that. Point out a nerve with injury of which a loss of skin sensitivity of the specified area is associated?

N.cutaneus brachіі medіalіs.

N.radіalіs.

N.musculocutaneus

N.ulnarіs.

N. axіllarіs

*

The patient has no feeling in the front triangle of the neck. What nerve of the cervical plexus is damaged?

Cervical loop

supraclavicular nerve

Lesser occipital nerve

Greater auricular nerve

Transverse nerve of the neck

*

At the victim a fracture of the body and the upper branch of the pubic bone is revealed, fragments of bones damaged vessels passing in the vascular lacuna. Which vessels are damaged?

A. et v. femoralis

A. et v. iliaca interna

A. et v. iliaca externa

A. et v. pudenda interna

A. et v. epigastrica superficialis

*

The patient suffers from cirrhosis of the liver. Varicose of which veins of porto-caval anastomoses could be observed?

Vv. intercostales posteriores

V. femoralis

V. subcostalis

V. circumflexa ilium profunda

V. epigastrica superficialis

*

The patient has purulent inflammation of the skin of the first interdigital space on the foot. Which lymph nodes react with pain and swelling?

Anterior tibial

Superficial inguinal

Posterior tibial and popliteal

Deep inguinal

External iliac

*

At a patient of 45 years old a pale skin of the leg and foot on the right, the absence of pulsations of the dorsal artery of foot and posterior tibial artery was reveals . Pulsation of the femoral artery is preserved. Lesion of which artery it is indicated?

Deep femoral artery

External iliac artery

Fibular artery

Popliteal artery

Descending patellar artery

*

A patient was diagnosed a damage of the head of the femur by ischemic origin. What artery is damaged?

Arteria femoralis

Arteria illiaca externa

Ramus acetabularis a.obturatoriae

Arteria profunda femoris

Arteria umbilicalis

*

Due to the injury of the iliac crest the victim has lack of sensitivity of the skin in the area of the umbilical ring and below. Which of these nerves likely damaged?

N. іlіohypogastrіcus

N. іlіo-іnguіnalіs

N. cutaneus femorіs lateralіs

N. obturatorіus

N. genіtofemoralіs

*

A young man with a knife wound on the outer surface of the right knee joint below the fibular head complains on the inability to raise the right leg, not hooking the floor. During the examination a foot is hanging, fingers are bent, dorsiflexion is impossible, a patient steps first by fingertips, then by the outer edge of the foot and then by the sole, violations of sensitivity on the lateral surface of the leg and foot were observed. What nerve is damaged?

Nervus tіbіalіs

Nervus peroneus communіs

Nervus cutaneus surae lateralіs

Nervus peroneus superfіcіalіs

Nervus peroneus profundus

*

The patient has a "heel foot" What nerve is damaged?

Nervus peroneus profundus

Nervus peroneus superfіcіalіs

Nervus tіbіalіs

N. іschіadіcus

N. іschіadіcus inferior

*

After falling on the buttocks while walking on ice a patient of 67 years old turned to a neurologist with complaints of sore hamstrings (muscles of the posterior side of the thigh), as well as the loss of sensitivity of the skin in the area. The damage of which nerve was happened?

N. cutaneus femorіs medіalіs

N. tіbіalіs

N. fіbularіs

N. іschіadіcus

N. gluteus іnferіor

*

A patient of 18 years old applied to a neurologist with complaints on inability to stand on the toe. The examination was revealed atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle, a violation of the sensitivity of the skin in the area of the sole. The function of which nerve of the lower limb is broken?

N. fіbularіs

N. femoralіs

N. cutaneus femorіs lateralіs

N. saphenus

N. tіbіalіs

*

A patient 45 years old, was hospitalized with complaints on fever, pain when breathing, choking and coughing. After the physical, laboratory and X-ray examination the diagnosis of pleuritis was made. For the evacuation of the exudate a pleural puncture was appointed. Where in the pleural cavity is the largest amount of an exudate is expected?

The costo-diphragmatic sinus

The mediastino-diaphragmatic sinus

The costo-mediastinal sinus

Under the cupula of the pleura

Under the root of the lung

*

During the operation on the patient a part of the lung which is ventilated by bronchus of the third order and accompanied by the branches of the pulmonary artery and other vessels was removed. What part of the lung has been removed?

The middle lobe

The segment of the lung

The lower lobe

The upper lobe

The lobulus of the lung

*

A patient diagnosed with a left segmental pneumonia. In which segment of the lung a pathological process is localized if additional breath sounds (crackling) are heard on the left side of the back, at the level of VII to X ribs?

The medial basal segment

The lateral basal segment

The posterior basal segment

The anterior basal segment

The inferior basal segment

*

A patient appealed to the clinic with complaints on difficulty in the passage of food through the esophagus. When X-ray examination revealed that the delay takes place at the level of V thoracic vertebra. Swelling of which organ can disturb to the passage of food in the esophagus at this level?

The arch of the aorta

The right main bronchus

The thyroid gland

The left main bronchus

The right lung

*

A man diagnosed with left-sided pleural effusion as a complication of a pneumonia. Which anatomical structures accumulate exudate?

The left costo-mediastinal sinus

The left mediastino-diaphragmatic sinus

The left mediastino-vertebral sinus

The right costo-diphragmatic sinus

The left costo-diphragmatic sinus

*

A patient N., 58 years old was admitted to the emergency department of the cardiology clinic with an attack of intense and prolonged chest pain that does not decrease with the re-admission of nitroglycerin. Electrocardiographic examination revealed the presence of a large area of necrosis on the back surface of the heart. The patient was diagnosed with transmural myocardial infarction of the posterior wall of the heart. With an acute occlusion of which vessel the development of the disease can be associated?

the right coronary artery

The coronary sinus

The right pulmonary artery

The left coronary artery

The left common carotid artery

*

The patient was diagnosed with transmural myocardial infarction of the posterior wall of the left ventricle of the heart. The thrombosis of the bassin of which artery causes this condition?

Ramus interventricularis anterior a.coronariae dextrae

Ramus interventricularis posterior a.coronariae dextrae

Ramus septalis posterior a.coronariae dextrae

Arteria coronariae sinistrae

Ramus septalis posterior a.coronariae dextrae

*

In patients with impaired cardiac function during examination an aneurysm of the superior vena cava was found (sacciform stretching of the wall of the vessel) at the place of its inflow into the right atrium. Compression of which anatomical structure of the conductive system of the heart caused the violation?

Nodus atrioventricularis

Fasciculus atrioventricularis

Nodus sinoatrialis

Crus dextrum

Crus sinistrum

*

In surgical intervention into the abdominal cavity an artery was damaged and then bandaged. After a while it was found a circulatory disorders of the left part of the transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colons. What is a blood vessel which has been damaged?

Truncus coeliacus

A. mesenterica superior

A. lienalis

A. mesenterica inferior

A. hepatica communis

*

The patient has left-sided varicocele (varicose veins of the testicle). Violation of the outflow of blood occurred in the vessel:

Vena ovarica

Vena renalis dextra

Vena renalis sinistra

Vens testicularis dextra

Vena testicularis sinistra

*

Name the visceral lymphnodes of the abdominal cavity

Nodi lymphatici mesenterici

Nodi lymphatici phrenici superiores

Nodi lymphatici phrenici inferiores

Nodi lymphatici lumbales inferiores

Nodi lymphatici lumbales superiores

*

Efferent lymph vessels of which lymphnodes form the ductus jugularis?

Nodi lymphatici cervicales laterales superficiales

Nodi lymphatici cervicales laterales profundi

Nodi lymphatici retropharyngeales

Nodi lymphatici submandibulares

Nodi lymphatici cervicales mediales superficiales

*

Through which lymphnodes lymph inflows into the ductus thoracicus from lungs?

Nodi lymphatici tracheapulmonales.

Nodi lymphatici prepericardiales.

Nodi lymphatici bronchopulmonales.

Nodi lymphatici paraaorticae.

Nodi lymphatici postpericardiales.

*

Through which lymphnodes lymph inflows into the ductus thoracicus from the rectum?

Nodi lymphatici paralumbales.

Nodi lymphatici vesicalis.

Nodi lymphatici inguinales profundus.

Nodi lymphatici subaorticae.

Nodi lymphatici umbilicales

*

Name the visceral lymphnodes of the thoracic cavity

Nodi lymphatici parasternales.

Nodi lymphatici phrenicae superiores.

Nodi lymphatici tracheapulmonales.

Nodi lymphatici phrenicae inferiores.

Nodi lymphatici mesenterici.

*

In a patient with a strangulated hernia on the right side of the abdominal wall there is an inflammated intestine into the hernial sac, on surface of which fat appendices and haustrae covered by muscle fibers can be distinguished. Which part of the intestine was injured the doctor should think about?

The colon

The duodenum

The jejunum

The ilium

The rectum

*

In a patient of 27 years a purulent inflammation of the gall bladder was found. Determine which part of the peritoneal cavity a pus inflows from the rupted gall bladder in it typical location?

Into the omental bursa

Into the hepatic bursa

Into the left lateral channel

Into the superior duodenal sinus

Into the pregastric bursa

*

The victim with abdominal trauma a splenic rupture was diagnosed. Which peritoneal sac a streamed blood inflows?

Into the omental bursa

Into the right mesenteric sinus

Into the pregastric bursa

Into the hepatic bursa

Into the left mesenteric sinus

*

The patient complains of unbearable pain in the lumbar area of the back and jaundice. Squeezing of what anatomical structure led to the emergence of these symptoms?

The common bile duct

The pancreatic duct

The cystic duct

The hepato-duodenel ampula

The bile duct and cystic duct

*

When operating on for stones into the bile ducts, the surgeon must find the common hepatic duct. Between layers of which of a ligament it is located?

The hepato-renal ligament

The hepato-gastric ligament

The teres ligament of the liver

The venous ligament

The hepato-duodenal ligament

*

The patient was admitted to the clinic with complaints of pain in the right hypochondrium, vomiting with blood. On examination a liver enlargement, elagment of the veins of the abdominal wall were found. In which vessel there is a difficulty of a blood flow?

The portal vein

The abdominal aorta

The hepatic vein

The inferior vena cava

The superior vena cava

*

Name the parietal branches of the abdominal aorta

Arteria iliaca interna

Arteriae phrenicae inferiores

Arteria mesenterica inferior

Arteria testicularis

Arteria mesenterica superior

*

Name the branches of the truncus coeliacus.

Arteriae phrenicae inferiores

Arteria mesenterica superior

Arteria hepatica communis

Arteria iliaca interna

Arteria mesenterica inferior

*

What is the skeletotopy of the bifurcation of the aorta

Vertebra lumbalis I

Vertebra lumbalis II.

Vertebra lumbalis V.

Vertebra lumbalis IV.

Vertebra lumbalis III.

*

Which vessels supply the greter curvature of the stomach

The left gastric artery from the coeliac trunc and right gastric artery from the proper hepatic artery

The right and left gastric artery from the coeliac trunc

The short gastric arteries from the lienal artety

The proper hepatic artery and common hepatic artery

The right gastroepiploic from lienal artery and left gastroepiploic arteries

*

In patients with urolithiasis when removing a stone of the right ureter surgeon cut its wall. In what anatomical structure urine gets?

The retroperitoneal space

The right mesenteric sinus

The excavatio recto-vesicalis

The prostate space

The right lateral channel

*

While nephrectomy (remove of the kidney) the surgeon need to ligate elements of the renal leg. Name the sequence of elements (from posterior to anterior side).

The renal artery, the renal vein, ureter

The ureter, the renal artery, renal vein

The renal vein, renal artery, the ureter

The renal artery, ureter, the renal vein

The renal artery, the ureter

*

At the patient as a result of the inflammatory process in the retroperitoneal space, a pus occurred into the lesser pelvic cavity along the ureter. In which anatomical structure it accumulates

The anterior pararectal space

The posterior pararectal space

The subperitoneal space

Superior pelvic store

The subcutaneus pelvic store

*

In patients with urolithiasis while removing the stone from the pelvic part of the left ureter urologist cut his wall. What artery could be cut in case of carelessness

The external iliac

The common iliac

The coccygeal

The internal iliac

The uterine

*

The patient as a result of the inflammatory process in the retroperitoneal space occurred drip. What are the possible pathways of purulent processes from perinephric fat tissue.

Into muscular layer of the lumbar region

On the anterio-lateral wall of the abdomen

Into the preperitoneal fat tissue

Into retrorectal fat tissue

Into paraureteric fat tissue

*

What are the parts of the epidydimis?

Сaput epididymidis.

Cоllum epididymidis.

Crus epididymidis.

Pars testicularis.

Pars uretra

*

What are the lobes of the prostata?

Lobus superior.

Lobus sinister.

Lobus intermedius.

Lobus fnterior prostatae.

Lobus inferior

*

Name the covers of the funiculus spermaticus.

Tunica dartos.

Fascia spermatica externa.

Tunica vaginalis testis.

Fascia spermatica.

Fascia spermatica media.

*

What type of glands the testis are?

Exocrine glands

Endocrine glands

Mucous glands

Exocrine and endocrine

Endocrine and mucous

*

Where the ductus ejaculatorius opens?

Ductuli prostatici.

Ductus deferens.

Pars membranacea urethrae.

Ductuli efferentes.

Pars prostatica urethrae.

*

The support apparatus of the uterus includes:

The pelvis and uro-genital diaphragm

The ligamentum latum and the vagina

The vagina and uro-genital diaphragm

The cardinal ligament and uro-genital diaphragm

The cardinal ligament and pelvic diaphragm

*

Which ligaments which attaches to the visceral fascia form a fixate apparatus of the internal genital organs of women?

lig.сardinalia, lig.teres uteri, lig.ovarii proprium

lig.сardinalia, lig.rectоuterina, lig.pubocervicale

lig.сardinalia, lig.latum uteri, lig.ovarii proprium

lig.сardinalia, lig.rectоuterina, lig.suspensorium ovarii

lig.сardinalia, lig.pubocervicale, lig.teres uteri

*

A young woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of a sharp pain in the abdomen. In examination the displacement of the uterus to the side was found. What ligament keeps the uterus from the lateral displacement?

lig. latum uteri

lig. teres uteri

lig.сardinalia

lig. suspensorium ovarii

lig. ovari iproprium

*

A young woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of a sharp pain in the abdomen. In examination a doctor suspected a rupture of the fallopian tube as a result of an ectopic pregnancy. She was operated on by salpingo-oophorectomy. What ligament the uterine adnexa are placed in?

The ligamentum teres uteri

The recto-uterine ligament

The pubo-vesical ligament

The ligamentum latum

The vesico-uterine ligament

*

A young woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of a sharp pain in the abdomen. In examination a doctor suspected a rupture of the fallopian tube as a result of an ectopic pregnancy. It was appointed to make a puncture through the posterior vaginal fornix. To perform the puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix of the uterus the back lip of the uterus is pulled to

Forwards and to the right

Forwards and downwards

Forwards and to the left

Backwards and to the left

Forwards and upwards

*

While cesarean section in a patient D., 32 years old, due to heavy bleeding and the inability to stop it, the surgeon had to remove the uterus. What vessel which supplies the uterus was ruptered?

Arteria uterinа.

Arteria obturatoriа.

Arteria sacralis lateralis.

Arteria pudenda internа.

Arteria clitoridis.

*

In patient thrombosis of the inferior mesenteric artery occurred. What parts of the intestine may be affected?

The duodenum

The sigmoid colon

The ilium

The coecum

The jejunum

*

In a patient of 60 years enlargement of veins of the rectum was found. Violation of the blood flow in which vein occurred?

The azygos vein

The superior vena cava

The portal vein

The superior mesenteric vein

The inferior vena cava

*

The patient D. 75 years old, diagnosed with colon cancer. In which regional lymph nodes metastases may spread?

To the ductus thoracicus

To the lumbar lymphnodes

To the superior mesenteric lymphnodes

To the inferior mesenteric lymphnodes

To the paravesical lymphnodes

*

The patient with complaints to a sharp pain in the left half of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, lack of bowel movements over 2 days, thrombosis of mesenteric vessel of the intestine was diagnosed. About blockage of which vessel can be thought of?

The coeliac trunk

the lienal artery

The left kidney artery

The middle colic artery

The sigmoid artery

*

The patient, 40 y.o., with wound in the cervical region. What and why is it necessary to do for the bleeding arrest?

to press artery to the 6th cervical vertebra, it's carotid tubercle, because artery attaches to it

to press artery to the hyoid bone

to press artery to the thyroid cartilage

to press artery to the greater horn of the hyoid bone

to press artery to the lesser horn of the hyoid bone

*

What is possible to find on radiogram of the vertebral column in oblique projection in spondylolysis (defect of the vertebral arch)?

horizontal position of the sacrum

dislocation of the vertebra on ¼ of the vertebral surface

dislocation of the vertebra on whole surface of the vertebral body according to the 1st sacral vertebra

fusion of the 5th lumbar vertebra with sacrum

the fissure in the region of the isthmus of the vertebral arch

*

Define the belonging of the rib to the right or left side. Point out the true statement.

It's right rib, because the head is directed posteriorly to the vertebral column, and blunt margin - inferiorly

It's right rib, because the head is directed anteriorly to the sternum, and external surface is convex

It's right rib, because the head is directed anteriorly to the sternum, and inferior margin is sharp

It's right rib, because the head is directed posteriorly to the vertebral column, and inferior margin - inferiorly

It's right rib, because the head is directed posteriorly to the vertebral column, and inferior margin - superiorly

*

The puncture of the thorax usually is carried out along superior margin of the rib. Give anatomical substantiation.

sulcus costae is situated superiorly

sulcus costae for neurovascular bundle is situated anteriorly

sulcus costae is situated at the middle of the rib

inferior margin of the rib is blunt

sulcus costae for neurovascular bundle is situated along inferior margin

*

The patient with the fracture of the pelvic bones was admitted in the hospital. How to explain the significant bleeding in fracture of the pelvic bones from the anatomical point of view?

cause of the bleeding is rich blood supplying of the bones

pelvic bones are flat bones, which have diploic substance, containing arterio-venous "lakes"

pelvic bones are mixed

pelvic bones are pneumatic bones

dificult venous drainage from pelvic bones

*

What are the features for determination of the ulna to the side of the body? The ulna is left, because:

superior end is wider than inferior one, anterior surface is more concave, sharp margin is directed in lateral side, bone has medial position at the forearm

superior end is wider than inferior one, anterior surface is more convex, sharp margin is directed in medial side, bone has medial position at the forearm

superior end is wider than inferior one, anterior surface is more concave, sharp margin is directed in lateral side, bone has lateral position at the forearm

superior end is more narrow than inferior one, anterior surface is more concave, sharp margin is directed in lateral side, bone has medial position at the forearm

superior end is wider than inferior one, anterior surface is more convex, sharp margin is directed in medial side, bone has anterior position at the forearm

*

The woman turned ankle, got injury of the internal side of the leg. What anatomical structure has most likely damaged and why?

lateral malleolus, because it's internal one

medial malleolus, because it's situated on medial side, participates on the formation of the ankle joint

head of the fibula, because it's situated distally and medially

head of the fibula, because it's situated proximally and medially

lateral malleolus, because it's situated proximally and medially

*

The undeliberate actions of the surgeon on the inferior surface of the pyramid of the temporal bone anteriorly from jugular fossa caused the significant bleeding. What anatomical structure is affected?

stylomastoid foramen, because it's situated in front of jugular fossa

external carotid foramen, because it's situated in front of jugular fossa, where internal caroted artery is located

tympanic canaliculus, because it's situated in front of jugular fossa, where tympanic artery is located

internal carotid foramen, because it's situated in front of jugular fossa, where internal caroted artery is located

foramen of the greater petrosal nerve, because it's situated in front of jugular fossa

*

The boxer got the blow in infraorbital region, after which the sensibility of the superior lip and nasal wing was disordered. Point out what anatomical structure is affected and why?

canine fossa, because it's situated in this region

nasolacrimal canal, because it connects the orbital cavity and nasal cavity

infraorbital foramen, leading in infraorbital canal, because it contains the sensory fibers of the infraorbital nerve, innervating this region

infraorbital foramen, because the infraorbital vessels pass through it

inferior orbital fissure, because it opens in anterior facial region

*

The fracture of the inferior third of the ramus of the mandible led to the disorder of the sensibility of the skin of the mental region. What anatomical structure is affected and why?

mandibular canal, because the inferior alveolar nerve, innervating the skin of the mental region, passes through this canal

mandibular canal, because the inferior alveolar artery passes through this canal

mylohyoid sulcus, because the similarly-named nerves is situated in it

mylohyoid sulcus, because the similarly-named vessels is situated in it

mental foramen, because the mental nerve goes out through it

*

The pain in frontal region often accompanies the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. Explain it from the anatomical point of view.

superior nasal meatus communicates with frontal sinus

inferior nasal meatus communicates with frontal sinus

middle nasal meatus communicates with frontal sinus

nasolacrimal canal opens in inferior nasal meatus

sphenoid sinus opens in superior nasal meatus

*

The transparent discharges appear from nose in significant lacrimation. Explain it from anatomical point of view.

lacrimal gland is situated in medial angle of the orbital cavity

lacrimal ducts open in lacrimal sac

nasolacrimal canal communicates the orbital cavity with nasal cavity

lacrimal ducts open in the nasal cavity

larcimal sac opens in superior nasal meatus

*

In the time of the training, the acrobat felt the significant pain in the back, making anterior rolling (maximal flexion). Later the symptoms of the damage of the spinal cord appeared. The doctor diagnosed the stretching of one of the ligaments of the vertebral column. Explain what ligament was affected and why?

interspinal, because it stretches in excessive flexion

anterior longitudinal, because it stretches in excessive flexion

dentate ligament, because it begins at meninx

posterior longitudinal, because it stretches in excessive flexion, the rapture of the ligament leads to the comprssion of the epidural space of the spinal cord

intertransversal ligament, because stretches in excessive flexion and compresses the spinal cord

*

The inflammatory process may spread from tympanic cavity on mastoid process of the temporal bone, because:

they have the communication through air cells

they have common ways of the lymphatic drainage

they have common sources of the blood supplying

they have common sources of the innervation

they are situated in same region

*

Following features were revealed in X-ray examination of the temporomandibular joint in closed mouth: the articular fissure is good contoured, it is wider by sides than in the middel part. Explain the results of the examination from anatomical point of view.

The fissure is wider by sides because the articular discus is biconvex

The fissure is wider by sides because the articular fossa is wide

The fissure is wider by sides because the articular tubercle is low

The fissure is wider by sides because the articular surface is high and narrow

The fissure is wider by sides because the temporomandibular joint is combined joint

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In X-ray examination of the man, 37 y.o., complaining of the pain in the hand, the wide articular fissure at medial side of the wrist was revealed. Is it norma? If yes, how may you explain it.

It's pathological condition, because the fissure increases in accumulation of the fluid inside.

It's normal condition, because the triangle discus is situated on medial side.

It's normal condition, because the pisiform bone overlaps on triquetral bone

It's normal condition, because the pisiform bone overlaps on hamate bone

It's pathological condition, because the fissure increases in dislocation

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Most common trauma of the joints of the upper limb is the dislocation of the shoulder joint. Point out the reason and anatomical factors predisposing to it.

because the head of humerus is spheroid

because the glenoid cavity is deep

because the articular capsule is free, the volume of the movements is significant

because the capsule is strengthen, tighten

because the articular surfaces are congruent

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The rapture of the capsule of the elbow joint is possible in the case of the neglected purulent inflammation of this joint. Explain where and why is it possible the burst of the pus?

in the posterior part of the join, because the capsule is thin on the level of the ulnar fossa

in the medial part of the joint, because the capsule there is very thin

in the lateral part of the joint, because there the capsule is very thin

the burst of the pus is impossible, because the articular capsule is very strong

in the superior part of the joint, because there the capsule is very thin

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The extremity is excessively abducted in the trauma of the hip joint. The stretching of the ligament is diagnosed. Point out what ligament is affected, paying in the attention the mechanism of the trauma.

iliofemoral ligament, because it prevents excessive abduction

pubofemoral ligament, because it prevents excessive abduction

ischiofemoral ligament, because it stretches in thigh abduction

ligament of the head of the femur, because it holds the head

orbicular zone, because it regulates the turnings in the joint

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In the trauma of the region of the radiocarpal joint the hand is abducted laterally. What ligament stretching may be diagnosed by doctor and why?

radial collateral ligament, because it's situated laterally and stretches in abduction

radial collateral ligament, because it's situated medially and stretches in abduction

ulnar collateral ligament, because it's situated medially and stretches in abduction

ulnar collateral ligament, because it's situated laterally and stretches in abduction

dorsal radiocarpal ligament, because it stretches in flexion

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The traumotologists know that in the cutting of one of the ligaments of the transverse tarsal joint, the joint is easy disarticulated, the integrity of the foot is disordered. Name the ligament. Why does it provide the integrity of the foot?

it's talonavicular ligament, because it is a part of intermetatarsal joints

They are calcaneocuboid and talonavicular joints, the fissure passes across long axis of the foot. The bifurcated ligament is common for both joints and provides the integrity of the foot.

It's cuneonavicular joint. The integrity of the foot is provided by interosseous intercuneiform ligaments.

It's calcaneocuboid joint. The integrity of the foot is provided by interosseous intercuneiforn ligaments.

They are intermetatarsal joints. The integrity of the foot is provided by medial callateral ligaments.

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The fracture in the region of the distal end of the tibia caused the disorder of the movements in the one of the joints of the lower limb. Point out the joint and possible disorder of movements in it.

Knee joint, the flexion is disordered

tibiofibular joint, the abduction is disordered

talocrural joint, flexion and abduction are disordered

talocrural joint, flexion and extension are disordered

talocrural joint, flexion and supination are disordered

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The protrusion of the mandible became impossible after the trauma of the head. Explain what anatomical structure is affected and why the protrusion of the mandible became impossible

medial pterygoid muscles. Knowing the place of the insertion of them to the bones of the skull, it's possible to suppose that they protrude the mandible

lateral pterygoid muscles. Knowing the place of the insertion of them to the bones of the skull, it's possible to suppose that they protrude the mandible

temporal muscles. Knowing the place of the insertion of them to the bones of the skull, it's possible to suppose that they protrude the mandible

masseter muscles. Knowing the place of the insertion of them to the bones of the skull, it's possible to suppose that they protrude the mandible

mylohyoid muscles. Knowing the place of the insertion of them to the bones of the skull, it's possible to suppose that they protrude the mandible

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The inflammation of the facial nerve caused the disorder of the motor function of the platysma. What are possible complications and why?

Openning of the mouth, because this muscle depresses the mandible

the declining of the neck in the opposite side, because this muscle declines the neck in it's side

forward bend of the head, because it bends the head

elevation of the hyoid bone, because it inserts to it

Compression of the subcutaneous veins and partial changing of the facial mimics, because this muscle is connected with subcutaneous veins and implicated in the mouth angle and may depress it

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The wound the anterior region of the neck caused the severe complications. What anatomical structures are affected? What are the causes of the complications?

Veins of the jugular arch are affected, because they are situated in suprasternal interapouneurotic space, fixed to the 2nd and 3rd cervical fascias, they are not collapsed and may cause the bleeding

common carotid arteries, because they are situated in suprasternal interaponeurotic space

internal jugular veins, because they are situated in the suprasternal interaponeurotic space

external jugular veins, because they are situated in the suprasternal interaponeurotic space

brachiocephalic veins, because they are situated in the suprasternal interaponeurotic space

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The wound of the thoracic wall on the right side of the sternum on the level of the 4th rib by parasternal line caused the damage of the muscles and lung. What muscles are affected and why?

major and minor thoracic muscles, anterior serratus muscle, because they are muscles of the anterior thoracic wall

major and minor thoracic muscles, internal intercostal muscles, transverse thoracic muscle, because theses muscles originate from anterior ends of the 2-7, 2-5 ribs, internal intercostal muscles fill the intercostal spaces from the sternum up to costal angles

major and minor thoracic muscles, anterior serratus muscles, external intercostal muscles, because they refers to the autochthonous muscles

major and minor thoracic muscles, anterior serratus muscles, transverse muscle of the thorax, because they are located on the level of the 4th rib

subcostal muscles, external and internal intercostal muscles, because they fill the intercostal spaces

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In the falling in the forest the child was hurted by tree branch. In examination the surgeon found the penetrating wound of the inferior quater of the forearm. The patient can't rotate the hand internally. What muscle is affected and why?

round pronator muscle, because it's situated in the distal part of the forearm

supinator, because it rotates the hand internally

quadrate pronator muscle, because it rotates the hand internally and it's situated in the distal part of the forearm

round pronator muscle, because it's situated in the proximal part of the forearm

supinator, because it's situated in the distal part of the forearm

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The rapture of the biceps brachii was found in examination of the patient by the surgeon. What functions of the upper limb are affected and why?

extension in the shoulder join and flexion in the elbow joint, because the muscle refers to the anterior group of brachial muscles

flexion of the arm and forearm, because the muscle spreads through 2 joints, refers to the anterior group of the brachial muscles

flexion in the shoulder joint and extension in the elbow joint, because the muscle refers to the anterior group of brachial muscles

flexion in the shoulder joint, because the muscle spreads through it and refers to the anterior group of the brachial muscles

extension in the shoulder joint, because the muscle refers to the posterior group of the brachial muscles

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The motor function of the rectus femoris muscle was disordered due to the complication of the dislocation in the hip joint. What joint on the function of this muscle will become weak and why?

on knee joint, flexion, because the muscle spread through this joint

on talocrural joint, because this muscle and muscles of the leg are innervated from the same source

on hip joint, flexion function, because this muscle is spreads through the joint anteriorly

on hip joint, extension function, because this muscle is spreads through the joint posteriorly

on knee joint, adduction function, because the muscle spreads through it anteriorly

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In examination of the brain of the patient the tumor was found in the region of the sella turcica. Following symptoms were revealed: constant decreased body temperature, disorder of the endocrine glands (obesity), disorder of the vision. What part of the brain is affected? What structures of the brain are damaged?

midbrain, because there is vision disorder

midbrain, because the cerebral peduncles are situated close to the sella turcica

interbrain, thalamus, because there is a vision disorder

optic nerves, because there is a vision disorder

interbrain, hypothalamus, because there is decreased body temperature, disorder of endocrine glands, disorder of the vision

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The fracture of the cranial base may be lethal. What part of the brain is affected? The damage of what anatomical structures may lead to such outcome?

pons, nuclei of the VII pair of cranial nerves, because they are connected with vitally important processes of the breathing and blood circulation

medulla oblongata, nuclei of the IX pair of cranial nerves, because they are connected with vitally important processes of the breathing and blood circulation

medulla oblongata, nuclei of the gracile and cuneiform fascicles, because they are connected with vitally important processes of the breathing and blood circulation

medulla oblongata, nuclei of the X pair of cranial nerves, because they are connected with vitally important processes of the breathing and blood circulation

medulla oblongata, nuclei of the XII pair of cranial nerves, because they are connected with vitally important processes of the breathing and blood circulation

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The drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid is disordered at the patient after the disease (meningitis). What anatomical structures are affected and why?

the outflow from the lateral ventricles is disordered, because the choroid plexus is affected

the outflow from the 3rd ventricle is disordered, because the choroid plexus is affected

the outflow from the 4th ventricle is disordered, because due to the inflammation of the meninges the openings leading to the subarachnoid space has closed

the outflow from the cerebral aqueduct is disordered, because the choroid plexus is affected

the outflow from the 4th ventricle is disordered, because the openning of the cerebral aqueduct is closed

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What types of disorder may appear at patient with the lesion of the middle part of the base of the cerebral peduncle and why?

hearing disorder, because it's a place of localization of subcortical centers

vision disorder, because it's a place of localization of subcortical centers

motor disorder, because it's a place of the localization of the pyramid tracts

sensory disorder, because it's a place of the localization of the lemniscus medialis

vegetative disorders, because it's a place of the localization of the black substance

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The paralysis of the muscles of facial expressions, masticatory muscles, disorder of swallowing developed at the patient after severe viral infection. What conducting tract was affected and why?

frontopontic, because comes to the nuclei of the pons

corticonuclear tract to the nuclei of V, VII, IX pairs of cranial nerves

corticonuclear tract to the nuclei of V, VII, XII pairs of cranial nerves

corticonuclear tract to the nuclei of V, IX, X pairs of cranial nerves

temporopontic tract, because comes to the nuclei of the pons

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The patient with diagnose: "Thrombosis in the vascular region", corresponding to the place of attachment of the tentorium cerebelli to the occipital bone, was examined in the hospital. What sinus the clot of the blood will block the blood flow in and why?

inferior sagittal sinus, because it's situated in the falx cerebri

rectal sinus, because it's situated in the place of connection of the falx cerebri to the tentorium cerebelli

sigmoid sinus, because it's situated in the place of attachment of the tentorium cerebelli to the occipital bone

cavernous sinus, because it's situated in the region of the sellar diaphragm

superior sagittal sinus, because it's situated in the falx cerebri

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In compression of the internal jugular veins the pressure of the liquor increases in the cranial and spinal parts of the subarachnoid space. Point out the ways of the liquor drainage.

in diploic veins, because they communicate with subarachnoid space

in the deep cerebral veins, because they communicate with subarachnoid space

in the superficial cerebral veins, because they communicate with subarachnoid space

in the deep cerebral veins, because they communicate with subarachnoid space

in sinuses of the dura mater, because the pacchionian granulations protrude in them

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The lesion of the internal capsule in the region of it's posterior peduncle caused the disorder of sensibility of the opposite part of the patient's body (hemianasthesia). Explain why is it happened on the opposite side of the body and what conducting tract is affected?

crossed way, spinothalamic tract is affected, because it passes through posterior peduncle of the capsule, sensory tract

crossed way, pyramid tract is affected, because it passes through posterior peduncle of the capsule, sensory tract

crossed way, optic tract is affected, because it passes through posterior peduncle of the capsule, sensory tract

crossed way, parietooccipital tract is affected, because it passes through posterior peduncle of the capsule, sensory tract

crossed way, frontopontic tract is affected, because it passes through posterior peduncle of the capsule, sensory tract

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The patient with the paralysis of some muscles of the oral cavity was admitted in the hospital. The patient can't return himself the tongue in the oral cavity. What muscles are affected? Why this movement is impossible?

superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue, because it pulls it back

styloglossal muscle and hyoglossal muscle, because styloglossal muscle pulls the tongue up, hyoglossal muscle pulls the tongue back and down

genioglossal muscle, because it pulls the tongue anteriorly and down

mylohyoid muscle, because it pulls the tongue back and down

inferior longitudinal muscle, because it pulls the tongue back and down

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In the treatment of the teeth the stomatologist put the cotton plug in the oral cavity under the tongue. What is his goal? What anatomical structures will appear under the cotton plug?

to close the gums, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity vestible will appear under the cotton plug

to close the gums, the mucous membrane of the oral cavity floor will appear under the cotton plug

to close the sublingual folds, the sublingual caruncula will appear under the cotton plug, it prevents the flow of the saliva in the oral cavity

to close the floor of the oral cavity, the lingual frenulum will appear under the cotton plug, it prevents the flow of the saliva in the oral cavity

to close the floor of the oral cavity vestible, the frenulum of the lower lip will appear under the cotton plug, it prevents the flow of the saliva in the oral cavity

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The parents consulted the stomatologist with complaints of the absence of the teeth at the 8 monthed baby. Is it a reason for trouble and why?

no, the time of teeth eruption is after 8 months

yes, 3 teeth must be present at this age already

yes, 6 teeth must be present at this age already

yes, 8 teeth must be present at this age already

no, the time of teeth erruption is after 9 months

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The inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity in the region of the superior nasal meatus may spread on the paranasal sinuses. Why is it possible and where?

at maxillary sinus, because it communicates with superior nasal meatus

at frontal sinus, because it communicates with superior nasal meatus

at sphenoid sinus, because it communicates with superior nasal meatus

at anterior cells of the ethmoid labirynth, because they communicate with superior nasal meatus

at mastoid antrum, because it communicates with superior nasal meatus

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