Abbreviations

^5HT

^serotonin

^ACh

^{acetylcholine}

^AChE

^{acetylcholinesterase}

^ADHD

^{attention deficit hyperactivity disorder}

^ALPT

^{total serum alkaline phosphatase}

^ALT

^{alanine aminotransferase}

^AMPA

^{alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid}

^AST

^{aspartate aminotransferase}

^bid

^{twice a day}

^BMI

^{body mass index}

^BuChE

^{butyrylcholinesterase}

^BUN

^{blood urea nitrogen}

^CBC

^{complete blood count}

^CSF

^{cerebrospinal fluid}

^CMI

^clomipramine

^CNS

^{central nervous system}

^COPD

^{chronic obstructive pulmonary disease}

^CPAP

^{continuous positive airway pressure}

^CYP450

^{cytochrome P450}

^DA

^dopamine

^De-CMI

^{desmethyl-clomipramine}

^dL

^deciliter

^DLB

^{dementia with Lewy bodies}

^ECG

^{electrocardiogram}

^EEG

^{electroencephalogram}

^EKG

^{electrocardiogram}

^EPS

^{extrapyramidal side effects}

^ERT

^{estrogen replacement therapy}

^FDA

^{Food and Drug Administration}

^FSH

^{follicle-stimulating hormone}

^GABA

^{gamma aminobutyric acid}

^GAD

^{generalized anxiety disorder}

^GI

^{gastrointestinal}

^HDL

^{high-density lipoprotein}

^{HMG CoA}

^{beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A}

^HRT

^{hormone replacement therapy}

^IM

^{intramuscular}

^IV

^intravenous

^LAI

^{long-acting injectable}

^lb

^pound

^LDL

^{low-density lipoprotein}

^LFT

^{liver function tests}

^LH

^{luteinizing hormone}

^MAO

^{monoamine oxidase}

^MAOI

^{monoamine oxidase inhibitor}

^mCPP

^{meta-chloro-phenyl-piperazine}

^MDD

^{major depressive disorder}

^MDMA

^{3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy)}

^mg

^milligram

^mL

^milliliter

^{mm Hg}

^{millimeters of mercury}

^NE

^{norepinephrine}

^NET

^{norepinephrine transporter}

^NMDA

^{N-methyl-d-aspartate}

^OCD

^{obsessive-compulsive disorder}

^ODV

^{O-desmethylvenlafaxine}

^OSAHS

^{obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome}

^PBA

^{pseudobulbar affect}

^PCP

^{phencyclidine}

^PET

^{positron emission tomography}

^PK

^{pharmacokinetic}

^PMDD

^{premenstrual dysphoric disorder}

^PMS

^{premenstrual syndrome}

^prn

^{as needed}

^PTSD

^{posttraumatic stress disorder}

^qd

^{once a day}

^qhs

^{once a day at bedtime}

^qid

^{4 times a day}

^RBC

^{red blood cell}

^RIMA

^{reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A}

^SDA

^{serotonin-dopamine antagonist}

^SGPT

^{serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT)}

^SGRI

^{selective GABA reuptake inhibitor}

^SNRI

^{dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor}

^SSRI

^{selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor}

^TCA

^{tricyclic antidepressant}

^tid

^{3 times a day}

^TSH

^{thyroid-stimulating hormone}

^{VM A}

^{vanillylmandelic acid}

^{Category A:}

^{Controlled studies show no risk: adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate risk to the fetus}

^{Category B:}

^{No evidence of risk in humans: either animal findings show risk, but human findings do not; or, if no adequate human studies have been performed, animal findings are negative}

^{Category C:}

^{Risk cannot be ruled out: human studies are lacking, and animal studies are either positive for fetal risk or lacking as well. However, potential benefits may outweigh risks}

^{Category D:}

^{Positive evidence of risk: investigational or postmarketing data show risk to the fetus. Nevertheless, potential benefits may outweigh risks}

^{Category X:}

^{Contraindicated in pregnancy: studies in animals or humans, or investigational or postmarketing reports, have shown fetal risk that clearly outweighs any possible benefit to the patient}