2. Дайте ответы на следующие вопросы.

1. What is the purpose of input and output devices?

2. What types of input-output devices do you know?

3. Why are data transformed into a binary code while entering the input device?

4. What is an I/O interface?

5. What are the major differences between the various I/O devices?

6. What types of I/O devices tend to be high-speed devices?

7. What types of devices tend to be low-speed devices?

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний.

Среда устройства ввода-вывода, система обработки информации, связан с человеком, независим от человека, удаленный банковский терминал, бобина с магнитной лентой, двоичный формат, интерфейс ввода-вывода, устройство считывания штрих-кода, сопоставлять параметры, основная память, вторичная память, низкоскоростные устройства.

4. Составьте аннотацию к тексту «Input-output environment», используя определенные клише.

5. Переведите предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот.

1. Data being accessed randomly, semiconductor memories are called random access memory (RAM).

2. The information capacity of a single bit being limited to two alternatives, code is based on combination of bits.

3. Primary storage having similarity to a function of the human brain, the storage is also called memory.

4. An electron leaving the surface, the metal becomes positively charged.

5. Computer system architecture being organized around the primary storage unit, all instructions must pass through it.

6. Computer system architecture is organized around the primary storage unit, all instructions passing through it.

7. Electromechanical memories depend on moving mechanical parts, their data access time being longer than is that of electronic memories.

8. For this reason most computer systems use electronic memory for primary storage, electromechanical memory being used for secondary storage.

9. Large capacity tape devices are used with large data processing systems, cassettes and cartridges being applied with small systems.

10. The CPU controls the operation of the entire system, commands being issued to other parts of the system.

LESSON № 9

1. Прочтите и переведите следующий текст:

INPUT DEVICES

There are several devices used for inputting information into the computer: a keyboard, some coordinate input devices, such as manipulators (a mouse, a track ball), touch panels and graphical plotting tables, scanners, digital cameras, TV tuners, sound cards.

When personal computers first became popular, the most common device used to transfer information from the user to the computer was the keyboard. It enables inputting numerical and text data. A standard keyboard has 104 keys and three more ones informing about the operating mode of light indicators in the upper right corner.

Later when the more advanced graphics became to develop, user found that a keyboard did not provide the design capabilities of graphics and text representation on the display. There appeared manipulators, a mouse and a track ball, that are usually used while operating with graphical interface. Each software program uses these buttons differently.

The mouse is an optic-mechanical input device. The mouse has three or two buttons which control the cursor movement across the screen. The mouse provides the cursor control thus simplifying user’s orientation on the display. The mouse’s primary functions are to help the user draw, point and select images on his computer display by moving the mouse across the screen.

In general software programs require to press one or more buttons, sometimes keeping them depressed or double-click them to issue changes in commands and to draw or to erase images. When you move the mouse across a flat surface, the ball located on the bottom side of the mouse turns two rollers. One is tracking the mouse’s vertical movements; the other is tracking horizontal movements. The rotating ball glides easily, giving the user good control over the textual and graphical images.

In portable computers touch panels or touch pads are used instead of manipulators. Moving a finger along the surface of the touch pad is transformed into the cursor movement across the screen.

Graphical plotting tables (plotters) find application in drawing and inputting manuscript texts. You can draw, add notes and signs to electronic documents by means of a special pen. The quality of graphical plotting tables is characterized by permitting capacity that is the number of lines per inch, and their capability to respond to the force of pen pressing.

Scanner is used for optical inputting of images (photos, pictures, slides) and texts and converting them into the computer form.

Digital video cameras have been spread recently. They enable getting video images and photos directly in digital computer format. Digital cameras give possibility to get high quality photos.

Sound cards produce sound conversation from analog to digital form. They are able to synthesize sounds. Special game-ports and joysticks are widely used in computer games.

Words:

Keyboard- клавиатура

Manipulator- манипулятор, блок обработки

Track ball- трекбол

Touch panel- сенсорная панель

Graphic plotting tables- графические планшеты

Sound card- звуковая карта (плата)

Enable- разрешать, позволять, допускать

Operating mode- режим работы

Keep buttons depressed- удерживать кнопки в нажатом состоянии

Double-click- двойное нажатие

Erase images- удалить, стереть изображение

By means of- посредством

Permitting capacity- разрешающая способность