- •Содержание
- •Введение
- •Part I Business correspondence
- •§ 1. Standards of Business correspondence
- •§ 2. International Letter Requisites
- •Образец расположения реквизитов международного письма
- •Примеры оформления писем
- •Контрольные вопросы
- •Practice
- •§ 3. Language and style
- •Контрольные вопросы
- •§ 4. Types of business letters
- •Quotation (Offer) — предложение
- •Enquiry letter (Inquiries) — письмо запрос
- •Order (of Goods) — письмо-заказ (на товары)
- •Confirmation of order — письмо-подтверждение
- •§ 4.1. Quotation
- •§ 4.2. Enquiry letter
- •§ 4.3 Order of goods
- •§ 4.4 Confirmation of order
- •§ 4.5 Contract
- •Основные пункты контракта
- •Типы организаций
- •Шапка е-почты
- •Примеры формального вступления
- •Сетевой этикет
- •Practice
- •Part II. Business communication
- •§ 1. Effective business negotiations
- •Reading
- •Business Negotiation
- •Practice
- •I. Answer the questions on the text.
- •II. Give the English for:
- •III. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right.
- •IV. Complete the sentences with one of the words from the previous exercise.
- •Text 2. Read and discuss the text about business negotiations.
- •5 Ways to Negotiate More Effectively
- •Improve Your Negotiation Skills to Improve Your Bottom Line
- •1) Learn to flinch.
- •2) Recognize that people often ask for more than they expect to get.
- •3) The person with the most information usually does better.
- •4) Practice at every opportunity.
- •5) Maintain your walk away power.
- •Practice
- •III. Work with a partner. Act out situations using the five strategies presented
- •In the text.
- •IV. Match the sentence beginnings (1-8) with the correct endings (a-h).
- •V. Negotiating styles. Read the passage and then do the task below.
- •VI. Probing. One way of furthering negotiations is probing (asking the right questions and listening carefully to the answers). Here are some probing questions:
- •Useful phrases Study topical phrases on business negotiations Making offers / Предложение сделки
- •Rejecting the offer / Отказ от сделки
- •Conditions / Условия
- •Winning time / Выигрыш времени
- •Reaching agreements / Достижение соглашения
- •Making complaints / Предъявление претензий
- •Apologizing / Извинения
- •Practice
- •II. Complete the phrases below using the correct form of the words in
- •III. Dealing with problems. When negotiations get stuck, and don’t progress,
- •Speaking
- •1. Discussing a contract
- •I. Read and act the dialogue out.
- •II. Find English equivalents for the following.
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •IV. Make these sentences complete.
- •V. Translate into English.
- •VII. You need to buy supplies for your company from a foreign supplier. Act out a conversion and discuss the details of your deal.
- •Manager and Clerk: Tricky Conversations
- •Boss and Employee: Resolving Difficulties
- •Employer and Employee: Asking for a pay rise
- •Manager and Client: Difficult Clients
- •Challenge
- •Prepare and act out negotiations between a boss and an employee.
- •II. You can choose any other situation to practice your negotiation skills and act it out with your colleagues.
- •§ 2. Presentations
- •Reading Text 1. Read and discuss the text about giving an effective presentation. Effective Presentation Tips
- •Check your understanding with this follow-up quiz.
- •II. Read and discuss the information about presentation structure. Structure
- •Read. Now read the examples of two ways of opening presentations. As you read, try to find in the conversation expressions from “Useful phrases” list above.
- •Practice. Finish the sentence with the correct word or phrase.
- •Put in order. Put the sentences from a presentation opening into the correct order.
- •II. Presentations: body
- •Introduction. The body is the 'real' presentation. If the introduction was well prepared and delivered, you will now be 'in control'. You will be relaxed and confident.
- •Visual aids
- •Think it over. Imagine you are giving a presentation and using some visual aids. What phrases might you use to draw your audience’s attention to these slides?
- •Useful Phrases. Read the phrases and find Russian equivalents for them.
- •Read. Now read two examples of people giving presentations. As you read, try to find in the conversation expressions from “Useful phrases” list above.
- •Practice. Finish the sentence by choosing the correct words and writing them into the empty spaces.
- •Using and discussing visuals
- •Pay attention to the use of prepositions:
- •Now insert the necessary prepositions.
- •III. Keep in mind whether a noun is countable or uncountable when discussing information presented in you visuals.
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words from the table above.
- •Useful phrases
- •Commenting diagrams / Комментирование диаграмм
- •Adverbs of change / Наречия изменений
- •Upward trend / Тенденция улучшения
- •Downward trend / Тенденция ухудшения
- •Continuing trend / Стабильная тенденция
- •Contrast and comparison / Контраст и сравнение
- •Practice
- •IV. Read the passage describing the profit of the company for the 5 years.
- •V. This is the report of a Sales Manager at the meeting describing the performance of some products. Read it and draw a graph. Check yourself.
- •VI. Translate sentences into English using the vocabulary of exercise V.
- •Presentations: questions
- •Introduction. At the end of your presentation, you may wish to open the floor to questions – to ask if anyone has any questions about your presentation.
- •Think it over. Imagine it is the end of your presentation and you are asking if there are any questions. What phrases might you use or hear?
- •Useful Phrases. Read the phrases and find Russian equivalents for them.
- •Read. Now read an example of someone asking if there are any questions As you read, try to find in the conversation expressions from “Useful phrases” list above.
- •Practice. Finish the sentence with the correct word or phrase.
- •Practice. Finish the sentence with the correct word or phrase.
- •Signposting
- •Challenge
- •§ 3. Markets, products and modern marketing
- •I. Market
- •1. Market
- •I. Now study word combinations with ‘market’ and find their Russian equivalents.
- •Complete the tv reporter's commentary with words from the box.
- •2. Companies and markets
- •Study word combinations and examples with ‘market’ and find their Russian equivalents.
- •II. Use the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the sentences.
- •III. Study more word combinations and examples with ‘market’ and find their Russian equivalents.
- •IV. Replace the underlined expressions with words from the table above. You may need to add a verb in the correct form.
- •3. Competitors and competition
- •Read this description of a language training market. Answer the questions.
- •II. Marketing
- •Marketing definition
- •2. The four Ps
- •Read the article and answer the questions. Role of marketing in modern business
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •3. Market orientation
- •Reading Text 1. Read and discuss the text about evolution of modern marketing. Marketing
- •Practice
- •I. Answer the questions on the text.
- •Give the English for:
- •III. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right.
- •IV. Complete the sentences with one of the words from the table above.
- •III. Internet marketing
- •I. Answer the questions.
- •II. Skim through the passage and find terms related to the Internet.
- •Reading Text 2. Read and discuss the text about Internet marketing.
- •Practice
- •I. Answer the questions on the text.
- •II. Give the English for:
- •III. Complete the sentences.
- •IV. Read the text below and find in it expressions with the following meanings:
- •V. Do you remember the terms: b2b, b2c and b2g? Read the piece of information and answer the questions below.
- •‘Negotiate’ is not a dirty word
- •The art of negotiating
- •Business communication
- •Business interviewing
- •7. Internet business success stories
- •62 Year Old Grandmother Creates The World's Most Popular Online Greeting Card Site
- •7 Deadly sins that sabotage business success
- •Ten missteps that could cost you your business
- •Social marketing
- •Integrated marketing communications
- •Advertising effectiveness
- •Http://www.Questia.Com/library/communication/advertising-and-public-relations/advertising-research/advertising-effectiveness psychology and advertising
- •Consumer behavior
- •What makes an "excellent" presenter?
- •How to find and sell to your target market
- •Part 1: Finding Your Target Market
- •Part 2: Using Market Segmentation to Define Your Target Market
- •Top 10 home business opportunities
- •IV. Products and brands
- •1. Products
- •Study word combinations and examples with ‘product’ and find their Russian equivalents.
- •II. Match the sentence beginnings (1-7) with the correct endings (a-g). The sentences all contain expressions exercise I.
- •3. Brands and branding
- •I. Complete this marketer's description of his work using expressions from the passage about brands above.
- •II. Answer the questions:
- •V. Price
- •1. Pricing
- •I. Read the conversation between two managers, find Russian equivalents for
- •II. Look at the price list. Are the statements below true or false?
- •III. Study word combinations and examples with ‘price’ and give their Russian equivalents.
- •IV. Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of words from the table above.
- •2. Upmarket and downmarket
- •Mass markets and niches
- •Speaking
- •I. Work with a partner. Read about the three gifts. Which one would you choose to promote the new cereal, and why?
- •II. Three managers – Carmen, Ned and Anna – are discussing the gifts. Read their conversation. Which one do they choose?
- •III. What advantages and disadvantages do they mention for each gift? Read again and fill in the table.
- •IV. Read again. What expressions do they use to give their opinion?
- •Glossary
- •References
7 Deadly sins that sabotage business success
By Nnenna Anyanwu
Most people who are starting or running a business will generally commit one or more of these sins which potentially sabotage their chances of success. We have all done it. We have an idea or spot an opportunity get all excited and fired up then our mind starts playing games with us or we speak to someone and they pour cold water over it. This takes the form of anyone one of the following;
1. Procrastination
2. Lack of discipline and routine to see the idea through
3. Lack of focus or concentrated effort
4. Self doubt
5. Disorganisation
6. Fear - borne out of ignorance
7. Inaction
If you have suffered from any of these then you need to overcome them and clear your path to unlimited success.
If you really ask yourself what is success you will find that it is a deep desire to be happy. We all pursue success because we think it will make us happy or bring us happiness.
The 7 deadly sins are bad habits we develop over time and block us from achieving the happiness we desire and thus prevent success.
The first deadly sin is Procrastination. As the saying goes, 'don't put off until tomorrow what can be done today'. In psychology, it is defined as the act of replacing high priority actions with low priority tasks for which they derive enjoyment. 1 in 5 people actively procrastinate and this is one of the biggest destroyers of success. It is believed that procrastination is due to the mind trying to avoid a negative feeling or emotion thus putting off a stressful task until later. The trouble is procrastination usually results in stress, a sense of guilt, loss of personal productivity, as well as social disapproval for not meeting responsibilities or deadlines. The result of these negative feelings is yet more procrastination to avoid them.
Have you ever put off making sales calls, going to meet with a difficult manager or staff or doing a piece of work which was particularly challenging? Then after putting it off you later felt bad and guilty that you have not made the money you need to pay your bills or your manager labels you as incompetent or the work then reaches 5 minutes to the deadline and you get into a blind panic to finish it and just miss the deadline.
Often we go through life actively procrastinating and it actually cripples us and blocks our chances of success. You need to recognise when you are doing it and face that challenging situation head on. It never is as bad as you think. Try this;
Divide up your day: 1 hour for phone calls; 1 hour clearing emails; 1 hour marketing; 4 hours' client work or delivering the service/product.
Before you leave the office each evening make a list of the top 3 things you want to do the next morning. Do them BEFORE you start getting distracted with the days issues.
2. Lack of discipline and routine to see and idea through. We are all creative human beings and we come up with lots of fantastic ideas. In addition there are millions of opportunities to be successful all around us every day. But what separates the successful from the unsuccessful is the self discipline and the routine actions to ensure that the idea comes to fruition. You ever heard the saying 'I get things done'? That is just it. Many people give up even before their idea has had a chance to hit the paper. Others give up at the slightest obstacle put in their way. How many times have you said I will increase my sales this year but as soon as you make one sales call or put in one proposal and it fails, you give up and blame the system, the economy, your staff, etc.
Successful people stick to it even when the going gets tough just like athletes they training their brains every day on the same thing. They make 10 sales calls a day regardless of how many nos' they get. They put in 20 proposals a week regardless of how many are rejected. You will always experience obstacles when trying to get something done. The bigger the idea the greater the obstacle. You have to find ways round obstacles and negative outcomes if you are to achieve the success you desire.
3. Lack of focus and concentrated effort. In order to be successful you must be able to focus on one thing at a time. That is not to say that you cannot do many things or have several businesses or business ideas. You can but you must focus on your efforts on one thing at a time. The mind can only work successfully on one thing at a time. If you are in one place and your mind is in another place you will not be successful. Have you ever been sitting at your desk working and thinking about your holiday or your sick child, etc. the chances are you would have made some mistakes or the quality of your work would not be up to scratch. The mind often wanders and it is sometimes difficult to concentrate but you need to train your brain to concentrate using a series of concentration exercises and practice. Just like basketball players practice their shooting hundreds of times until they perfect it so you must concentrate your effort on one thing until you perfect it. If you give up, get distracted or lose concentration, you will not be successful.
4. Self doubt. Even the most self confident amongst us experiences self doubt once in awhile. Self-doubt is that feeling of uncertainty about your ability to accomplish something. This dark shadow of insecurity can lead to hesitation and indecision. If left unchecked, it can cause massive failure in what would have otherwise been a hugely successful project. There are certain words that we tell our selves which causes us to weaken our own confidence. Things such as 'I'm not sure, maybe I was wrong, I don't feel up to it, this is too difficult'. When we say and think these things we should check the source and address it immediately to counteract the doubt. Self doubt is very destructive and if left unchecked it can eat away at our belief system and create insecurity. Often it is our self doubt that stands in between the success or failure of our business and projects.
5. Disorganisation- this is a condition in which an orderly system has been disrupted. The mind is very precise and organised. It is the same with your life and your business. If it is not orderly the mind will work overtime to make it organised. You will feel anxious, frustrated and bogged down with mundane tasks and unable to get big highly productive tasks done. You will find yourself struggling to find the simplest of things and starting from scratch every time you get to work or to a project rather than building on what you had done previously. This makes the mind work overtime and is counter-productive.
6. Fear - every single person on this planet has experienced fear at some point in their lives. However, successful people feel the fear and do what they have to do anyway, whereas unsuccessful people feel fear and take flight. Fear is the natural response of every human being when he is placed in a situation that he is not familiar with or is not expecting. Sometimes, a sense of shame and insecurity also leads to development of fear within a person's mind. Fear is often the result of aggravated tensions and an agitated mind. It is very important to know the reasons of your fear if you have to overcome it. To kill fear you have to first identify the source of that fear. Confront your fear by doing that which you are fearful of and you will notice it disappear. Plan for those uncertain situations by writing down what if scenarios and what your response would be. For instance you may be fearful of not making enough money in your business however, the real reason for your fear may be that you will not be able to pay the rent. Then what is the worst that will happen if you can't pay the rent? Then what can you do to avoid the worst happening. Doing this process regularly for your fears helps you to work through them and avoid the stressful outcomes that lead to failure such as inaction.
7. Inaction - this is often caused by fear of the unknown. Fear is the minds response to perceived or actual physical or emotional danger. When we are fearful we freeze/stand still and do nothing. This is the worst thing that any business person can do. It is guaranteed to lead to failure of any venture. You must keep moving, keep doing, take action when new opportunities come your way and keep learning how to improve on your past performance. If not success will always allude you.
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