- •Дагестанский государственный университет сrossing barriers
- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1 communication
- •A multilingu@l internet
- •Vocabulary practice glossary
- •Word study
- •Language focus means of communication
- •Fill in: first, accent, native, body, language, tongue, speech, talk
- •Using phones
- •Letters/emails
- •Write your email to your penfriend. Do not write any addresses.
- •Informal style
- •Formal style
- •Rewrite the following extract using more formal language. You can use prompts to help you. Compare with a partner.
- •Read the rubrics below and underline the key information. Then answer the questions that follow.
- •Write one of the tasks below. You should write about 120 and 180 words.
- •Unit 2 feelings and emotions
- •Vocabulary practise glossary
- •Word study
- •Expressing emotions
- •Our mood affects our facial expressions, but also vice versa
- •Here are some photographs of common situations. Talk to each other. Which three situations are the most stressful?
- •In pairs, answer the following questions
- •Emotional Eating: Feeding Your Feelings
- •Language focus moods and emotions
- •Study the following words and expressions before doing the tasks of the Language Focus
- •Make up derivative nouns, where possible (depressed – depression).
- •In pairs, use the adjectives from the list to act out short exchanges.
- •Read the text below and replace the words in bold with appropriate extreme adjectives.
- •Expressing feelings
- •You will hear a radio talk about cat’s body language. For questions 1 – 7 chose the best answer a, b, or c.
- •In what way do we use body language to express our feelings? Think of as many examples as you can and discuss in pairs.
- •Transactional letters/emails
- •A Letter of Invitation
- •Read the model and choose appropriate topic sentences from the list below to replace those in bold. What made you decide on these sentences? Why are the other two inappropriate?
- •Answer the following questions.
- •A Letter of Apology
- •Read the extract below and answer the questions.
- •Rewrite the text in formal style using the notes below.
- •A Letter of Complaint
- •Experienced English teacher offers lessons for learners of all ages and levels.
- •Job hunting
- •Why don’t you get a proper job?
- •Vocabulary practice glossary
- •Word study
- •Find the adjectives in the text which describe qualities a worker could have. Which are negative ones?
- •Match the words. Then, in pairs make sentences using them.
- •Popular professions
- •Top 7 community and social service occupations
- •School and Career Counseling
- •Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
- •Social Workers
- •Health Educators and Community Health Workers
- •Mental Health Counselors and Marriage and Family Therapists
- •Substance Abuse and Behavior Disorder Counselors
- •Rehabilitation Counselors
- •Language focus skills and qualities
- •Getting a job
- •Reports and letters of application
- •Linking Words and Phrases
- •Analysing a Letter of Application
- •Unit four modern living
- •Reality show fever
- •Vocabulary practiсe glossary
- •Word study
- •Trends and fads
- •Three best ways to follow trends, not fads
- •Which of the two television programmes do you like to watch?
- •Language focus style
- •Lifestyles
- •Read the model and fill in the gaps with the appropriate linkers from the list.
- •Linking
- •Unit five travel and tourism
- •Guilt-free holidays
- •Sinking a Warship
- •Inca Cable Car
- •African Village Experience
- •Vocabulary practise glossary
- •Word study
- •Find words/phrases in the text.
- •Give opposites.
- •Translate into English.
- •Backpacking tourism
- •Why Tourists Backpack
- •It Is Cheap
- •Backpackers Can be Flexible with Itineraries and Plans
- •Personable Travel
- •It Is Challenging
- •It Provides Amazing Experiences
- •Discuss the following questions.
- •Language focus getting around
- •Study the following words and expressions before doing the tasks of language focus.
- •Choose a word to complete each sentence (1 – 5). Make sentences of your own.
- •Match the words in the list to complete the phrases.
- •Cross out the word that doesn’t fit.
- •In pairs, write the abstract noun, concrete noun, adjective and adverb from the following verbs. Make up sentences of your own.
- •Which of these opinions about travel do you agree or disagree with? Give reasons.
- •You will hear a person giving advice on how to plan a successful holiday. Before you listen, read the sentences 1 – 8 and underline the key words. What do you need to listen for?
- •Narratives
- •Fill in the correct word derived from the word in bold.
- •Around the globe
- •Read the story and put the paragraphs in the correct order. Then, answer the questions that follow.
- •Read the extract below and underline the time words and phrases.
- •Read the events in Task 31 c. And use appropriate time words and phrases from the box above to retell the story.
- •Read the two paragraphs below and compare them, saying which is more interesting to the reader and why.
- •Use the adjectives in the list below to make paragraph b more interesting to read.
- •Unit six education
- •Look at the pictures. What do they have in common?
- •The system of schooling in great britain
- •Vocabulary practice glossary
- •Word study
- •Creative teaching
- •Five characteristics of learner-centered teaching
- •Learner-centered teaching engages students in the hard, messy work of learning.
- •Learner-centered teaching motivates students by giving them some control over learning processes.
- •Language focus education
- •Study the following words and phrases before doing tasks on language focus.
- •Studying abroad
- •You will hear five people talking about exams. Before you listen, look at the six phrases (a – f) listed below. What do you expect each speaker to talk about?
- •Opinion
- •Read the letter and choose the correct topic sentences from the ones below.
- •Introduction
- •Informal
- •Unit seven Planet Issues
- •The antarctic: key to planet earth
- •Vocabulary practice glossary
- •Word study
- •Find words/phrases in the text.
- •Earth problems
- •Match the items in column a to those in column b. Which two phrases refer to solutions to environmental problems?
- •Rank the environmental issues in order of seriousness. In pairs, compare your lists and justify your opinions.
- •Language focus green issues
- •Fill in the correct particles, then explain the phrasal verbs. Going green with food
- •What would you do to help? To make the world greener.
- •Environmental damage
- •Reviews
- •Analysing a book review
- •Woman in the mists
- •Australian culture and culture shock
- •Unit 2 the happy man
- •How emotions and feelings shape learning
- •Unit 3 a future businessman
- •Glamorous but laborious
- •Unit 4 the fun they had
- •Our changing lifestyle: trends and fads
- •Unit 5 three men in a boat
- •How green can you get?
- •Unit 6 to sir, with love
- •Critical issues facing education
- •Ishmael
- •Wwf: 50 years of environmental conservation
Find words/phrases in the text.
to be one of the causes of, to consider, to have all the answers regarding, kind, to be ahead of, damage, to develop, to conserve, residue, to reproduce, a law, severe, regulation, breed.
b. Give English equivalents for.
внести вклад, пищевая цепь, строго ограниченный, изменение климата, северный полюс, генно-модифицированные продукты, круглый год, играть решающую роль, озоновый слой, солнечная/ветровая энергия, уровень моря, глобальное потепление, промысловое рыболовство, злоупотребление пестицидами, учитывать, решения экологических проблем, токсичные отходы, план переработки, экосистемный подход, градостроительство, прийти к осознанию, исследовать Антарктику, сократить незаконную ловлю рыб, ископаемые, конечная задача, привести к вымиранию вида.
Task 6. Paraphrase the sentences using words and word combinations given in the Glossary.
Air pollution with plant emissions is one of the causes of global warming. 2) Antarctica has all the answers regarding the natural history of our planet. 3) The Norwegian Antarctic expedition was ahead of the British by one month. 4) Sea litter includes hooks and nets left in the ocean and which can damage fish, birds and seals. 5) The government has taken severe measures to defend rare plant and animal species. 6) Blue whales reproduce in the Antarctic in July. 7) People have come to realize the existing environmental problems. 8) A worldwide temperature rise causes iceberg melting and greenhouse effect. 9) Nonbiodegradable waste cannot be reused. 10) Evidence from fossils shows how life developed during geological time.
Task 7. Match the words on the left to the words on the right. Then, choose five phrases to make sentences.
A all year come global crucial ozone ultimate strictly marine major sea drive severe environmental |
B warming limited pollution level measures challenge role issues impact layer to extinction round to realise
|
Task 8. Translate the following sentences into English.
Некоторые редкие виды животных могут исчезнуть, если не будут приняты жесткие меры по их защите. 2) Недобросовестные производители используют генно-модифицированные продукты в своих товарах, которые выращены путем генной инженерии. Такие продукты требуют, по ГОСТу РФ, обязательной маркировки. 3) Исследования Федерального ведомства Германии по защите окружающей среды выявили негативные влияния выращивания генно-модифицированных сельскохозяйственных культур на окружающую среду. 4) Каждый житель планеты, как разумное звено пищевой цепи, должен обладать знаниями об окружающей среде, осознавать и нести ответственность за свое влияние на эко- и биосистемы. 5) Группа школьников отправилась на экскурсию на завод по производству бумаги, где она лично познакомилась со всеми этапами ее переработки. Переработка макулатуры сохраняет нашу планету чистой и спасает леса от чрезмерной вырубки. 6) Глобальное потепление может привести к разрушению озонового слоя, появление озоновых дыр, образованию парникового эффекта, повышению уровня моря, таянию ледников, стихийным бедствиям и катаклизмам, а впоследствии, и к гибели самого человечества. 7) Необходим международный контроль над охраной морей, который сократил бы нелегальный улов и выбросы токсических отходов в море, наносящие непоправимый вред обитателям подводной экосистемы. 8) Учёные заключают, что самый большой вклад в смещении полюсов вносит таяние Гренландского ледяного щита, который теряет около 250 Гт льда в год. «Таяние льда и изменение уровня моря на 90% объясняют сдвиг в восточном направлении, – подчёркивает г-н Чэнь. – Движущая сила внезапной перемены – это изменение климата». 9) На добычу и промысел сельдевых акул, ареалом обитания и размножения которых являются воды Атлантики, ввели строгие ограничения после того, как Международный союз охраны природы присвоил этому виду статус сохранности «Виды на грани вымирания». 10) Развитые страны все больше прибегают к альтернативным формам энергии, более безвредным для окружающей среды, таким как солнечной и ветровой энергии.
Text Discussion
Task 9.
a. Read the article again and list the reasons why the Antarctic is the key to Planet Earth. Use your list to give a short speech to the class.
b. Imagine you are a scientist in Antarctica. Describe a typical day in your life there.
c. Imagine you are Roald Amundsen. Write two short diary entries - one about the first day you reached the South Pole and another while you explore the Antarctic. Compare with your partner.
Task 10. Answer the following questions on the text.
Who were the first explorers of the South Pole and when did they reach the Antarctic?
Why does the Antarctic represent the ultimate challenge to scientists?
What evidence shows that the Antarctic holds the key to the natural history of the Earth?
What factors have influenced the protection of all plants and animals in Antarctica?
What does the “ecosystem approach” mean?
What measures are taken to protect underwater creatures and control marine pollution?
Task 11. Text analysis.
Analyze the title of the text. What is the role of paralinguistic means used in the title? What function does the topical sentence serve?
What is the problem raised by the authors of the article? Does the word choice relate to the theme of the article?
Does the writer begin the introduction stating the problem or providing general information on the topic? What type of connection is used to join the paragraphs? Summarize the article.
FOCUS ON DISCUSSION
