18. Сұрақ: Explain the basic concepts of Internet
A network consists of 2 or more computers connected together, and they can communicate and share resources (e.g. information)
Communications – activity associated with distributing or exchanging information
Telecommunications – technology of communications at a distance that permits information to be created any where and used everywhere with little delay
A network is a way to get stuff between 2 or more “things”
Examples: Mail, phone system, conversations, railroad system, highways and roads.
The Internet is a collection of computers, networked together throughout the world, and communicating with each other through a common language called TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
The various programs you use recognize TCP/IP, and if everything is set up correctly, and the computer is correctly connected to the Internet.
A browser is a software program which helps users to view internet sites and explore content on the WorldWideWeb. These pieces of content, including pictures, videos, and webpages, are connected using hyperlinks.
There have been many different web browsers that have come and gone over the years. Popular web browsers are Internet Explore, Google Chrome, Mozila Firefox, Opera, Yandex and etc.
A search engine is a software program available through the Internet that searches documents and files for key words and returns the results of any files containing those key words. Today, there are thousands of different search engines available on the Internet, each with their own abilities and features. Today, the most popular and well-known search engines are Google, Yandex, Youtube, Rambler, Wikipedia and etc.
For users, a search engine is accessed through a browser on their computer, smartphone, tablet, or another device.
A domain name is a unique name that identifies a website. For example, the domain name of our University is "ayu.edu.kz" Each website has a domain name that serves as an address, which is used to access the website.
The domain code identifies the type of organization. For example:
.com commercial organization
.edu educational institution
.kz Kazakhstan, .ru Russia, .uk-United kingdom, .uz-Uzbekistan, .tr-Turkey
.org Organisation
.gov government of a nation
A domain name canbe a maximum of sixty-three characters with one character minimum, and is entered after the protocol in the URL, as you can see in the following example.
An IP address consists of four numbers, each of which contains one to three digits, with a single dot (.) separating each number or set of digits. Each of the four numbers can range from 0 to 255. Here's an example of what an IP address might look like: 78.125.0.209.IP addresses can be either static or dynamic.
19. Сұрақ: Explain the principles of cloud technology
«Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction».
Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over a network typically the internet.
Web services of cloud technology: mail, google, etc
The principles of cloud computing.
The six principles - detailed in the recently published ISACA publication Guiding Principles for Cloud Computing Adoption and Use - include enablement, cost/benefit, enterprise risk, capability, accountability and trust. Here's how ISACA defines each of those principles:
Enablement: Plan for cloud computing as a strategic enabler, rather than as an outsourcing arrangement or technical platform.
Cost/benefit: Evaluate the benefits of cloud acquisition based on a full understanding of the costs of cloud compared with the costs of other technology platform business solutions.
Enterprise risk: Take an enterprise risk management perspective to manage the adoption and use of cloud.
Capability: Integrate the full extent of capabilities that cloud providers offer with internal resources to provide a comprehensive technical support and delivery solution.
Accountability: Manage accountabilities by clearly defining internal and provider responsibilities.
Trust: Make trust an essential part of cloud solutions, building trust into all business processes that depend on cloud computing.