- •Its forms and usage
- •1.1.1.2. Masculine nouns with stressed о, е, ё in the final syllaЫe of the stem
- •1.1.4. Ldiomatic expressions and set-phrases
- •1.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive case singular
- •1.2.1. The endings -ы and -и.
- •1.3.2. The ten neuter gender nouns which end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4. 1.4. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.1.Б. Retention of the nominative singular form as the genitive plural form
- •1.4.1.5. Dropping the singular ending -ин
- •1.4.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive plural 1.4.2.1. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.2.3. Dropped ending -а or -я and the insertion of а 'fleeting vowel'
- •1.4.З.2. Dropping of -е/-о ending and the insertion of the 'fleeting vowel' е
- •1.4.4. Nouns that have no singular form
- •1.4.3.5. Neuter gender nouns that end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4.4. 1. Zero-ending
- •1.4.4.2. The endings -ов and -ев
- •1.4.5. Adjectival nouns
- •1.S.1. Adjectives
- •1.S.1.1. Hard stem in singular
- •1.5.1.2. Soft stem in singular
- •1.5. 1.3. Exceptions in singular
- •1.5.1.4. Plural
- •1.5.2. Participles
- •1. 7.3. Lndicative pronouns
- •2.1. Дdnominal genitive 2.1.1. Ownership/possession
- •2.1.2. :Relatio
- •2. 1.4.1. Тпе асегп of action
- •2.1.4.2. The object of action
- •2.1.5.2. Lndefinite quantity
- •2.1.6. The partitive genitive
- •2.1. 7. The nouns following adjectives and participles
- •2.1.8. Genitive case of time
- •2.2. Adverblal genitive 2.2.1. Object of а verb
- •Verbs and adverbs
- •2. 2. З. Nouns used with transitive verbs
- •2.2.4. The genitive case of negation
- •2.2.4.1. {А) lmpersonal constructions
- •2.2.4.4. (D) Negative verbal adverbs or participles
- •2.2.4.5. (Е) Stressed absolute negation
- •2.2.4.3. (С) Direct object with negation
- •2.2.4.6. (F) Set phrases with negation
- •2.2.4. 7. {G) Direct object is an abstract noun or pronoun
- •3.1.1. Simple primary prepositions
- •Imple adverblal prepositions
- •3.2. Complex prepositions
- •3. 2. 2. Complex nominal prepositions
- •3.2.5. Prepositions followed exclusively Ьу the genitive case
- •3.3.3. Ввиду - in view of, as, since
- •3.3.5. Взамен - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.6. Вместо - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.8. Внизу- at the foot of, at the bottom of
- •3.3.11. Возле - Ьу, oear, close Ьу
- •3.3.12. Вокруг - around, round
- •3.3.14. Вроде - like, not unlike, such as
- •3.3.15. Вследствие - owing to, on account of, in consequence of
- •3.3.42. Против - against, opposite
- •3.4.3. Special uses of douЫe prepositions
- •3.5.8. Независимо от- irrespective of
- •3.6.11. 8 Знак- as а sign of, as а token of
- •3.6.26. В порядке- in order of, as а matter of
- •3.6.27. В продолжение- during, for, in the course of
- •3.6.28. В pamкax-within the framework of
- •3.6.51. По причине- for the reason of, because of
- •3. 7. Genitive case prepositional constructions with complex verbal prepositions
- •3. 7. 1. Исходя из - proceeding from
1.5. 1.3. Exceptions in singular
Adjectives of masculine and пешег gender with the stem ending in ж, ч, ш and щ take the ending -ого in the genitive singular, if the stress falls on this ending, and the ending -его if the ending is unstressed. Feminine gender adjectives of this kind take respectively the ending •ой if the stress falls on the ending and the ending -ей if the stress falls on the stem.
Masculine and neuter gender: большой/большое - большого хороший/хорошее - хорошего Feminine gender:
большая - больш6й
хор6шая - хорбшей
Ьig - of Ьig good - of good
Ьig - of Ьig good - of good
1.5.1.4. Plural
Hard-stem adjectives take the ending -ых and sott-stem adjectives take ending -их in the genitive plural.
новые дома - новых домuв new поцэев - of new houses
зимние вечера - winter evenings -
зимних вечеров of winter evenings
1.s.1.5. Exceptions in plural
Adjectives with the stem endings in г, ж, к, х, ч, w, and щ follow the pattern of soft-stem adjectives when forming the genitive plural.
большие - больших Ьig - of big hot- of hot
горячие - горячих русские-русских рыжие - рыжих строгие-строгих тихие - тихих
Russian - of RL1ssian red-haired - of red-haired strict - of strict
quiet - of quiet
1.5.2. Participles
Participles follow the genitive case formation pattern of the adjectives. Present and past active participles form their genitive case in the same way as adjectives with the stem ending in а siЬilant and an unstressed ending. Present and past passive participles have the genitive endings of hard-stem adjectives.
читающий мальчик - читающего мальчика читавший мальчик - читавшего мальчика читаемая книга - читаемой книги прочитанная книга - прочитанной книги
а Ьоу "vvho is reading -
of а Ьоу who is reading
а Ьоу who was reading -
of а Ьоу who was reading
а book that is being read -
of а book that is being read а book that has been read - of а book that has been read
.6. The genitive case of numerals
1n Russian only numerals опе and two are gender marked ani they have tt1e following forms in the genitive case singular and Plura ,,Jumeral two has one form in genitive case for masculine and neutergender nouns.
|
ominative case |
Genitive case singular |
Genitive case plural |
----, |
|||||||
|
- |
- - . |
|
|
|
||||||
1 |
ОДИН (m), ОДНО (n) одного (m, n) |
одних |
|
|
|||||||
|
одна (f) |
одной (f) |
|
|
|
||||||
|
один стол, |
одного стола, |
одн их стол о в |
|
|
||||||
|
1 |
|
|||||||||
|
одно слово, |
одного слова, |
• елов, книг |
|
|
||||||
|
одна книга |
ОДНОЙ КНИГИ |
1 |
|
|
||||||
2 1 два (m/n), две (f) |
|
Гдвух |
|
|
|||||||
|
два стола, |
|
j двух столов, елов, |
||||||||
|
два слова, |
|
книг |
|
|
||||||
|
две книги |
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Nominative case |
Genitive case |
|||||||||
400 |
четыреста |
четырёхсотО |
|||||||||
1000 |
тысяча |
тысячи |
|||||||||
1000000 |
миллион |
миллиона |
|||||||||
2 000 000 |
два миллиона |
двух миллионов |
|||||||||
The пшпега'э forty, ninety and а hundred all have the same ending -а i11 the genitive case.
|
Nominative case |
Genitive case |
40 |
сорок |
сорока |
90 |
девяносто |
девяноста |
100 |
сто |
ста |
The rest of the numerals are not gender marked, they have one form for all three grammatical gender nouns. Three, four, ten, two hundred, three hundred, four hundred, опе thousand and one million have the following forms in the genitive case.
|
|
- - -- |
|
|
Nominative case |
Genitive case |
|
3 |
три |
трёх |
|
4 |
четыре |
четырёх |
|
10 |
десять |
десяти |
|
|
|
- ~ |
|
19 |
девятнадцать |
девятнадцати |
|
|
- |
|
|
20 |
двадцать |
двадцати |
|
30 |
тридцать |
тридцати |
|
|
- |
||
200 |
двести |
двухсо-тО |
- |
300 |
триста |
трёхсо-тО |
- |
30
N. RуаП
The numerals five, fifty and five hundred have the following forms in the genitive case.
|
Nominative case |
Genitive case |
5 |
пять |
пяти |
50 |
пятьдесят |
пятидесяти |
500 |
пятьсот |
пятисотD |
NB: The numerals six, seven and from nine to twenty and thirty follow the pattern of the numeral five in the genitive case: шесть - шести, семь - семи and so on. The numerals sixty, seventy and eighty follow the pattern of the numeral fifty: шестьдесят - wестидесяти, семьдесят - семидесяти, восемьдесят - восьмидесяти. The numerals six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred and nine hundred follow the pattern of the numeral five hundred: пятьсот - пятисот, шестьсот - wестисот, семьсот - семисот, восемьсот - восьмисот, девятьсот - девятисот. Each component of the compound numerals follows its respective pattern when declined.
RUSSIAN GENIТIVE: ITS FORMS AND USAGE
31
Thus:
- -1 Nominative case i Genitive case
; ~ i - ------
1983 1 тысяча девятьсот
1 восем ьдесят три t- -L- - - -
1775 1 тысяча семьсот
'
!
семьдесят пять
тысячи девятисоl{J восьмидесяти трёх
·t·тыс~~и семисотО
1 семидесяти пяти
----·
1538 1 тысяча пятьсот I тысячи пятисо,-0
тридцать восемь тридцати восьми
--~- -- - - -------
тысячи девятисотО тридцати шести
1936 1 тысяча девятьсот тридцать шесть
- |
|
|
|
Nominative case |
Genitive case |
2nd (f) |
вторая |
второй |
5th (m) |
пятый |
пятого |
6th (m) |
шестой |
шестого |
91h (m) |
девятый |
девятого |
10th (m) |
десятый |
десятого |
21st (m) |
двадцать первый |
двадцать первого |
В: The ordinal numeral third has the following form in the genitive case.
The collective numerals оба/обе - both have tt1e following tormsin the genitive case.
Nominative case |
Genitive case |
||
аба - both (m, n) |
обоих |
||
аба студента, |
обоих студента в, |
||
аба слова |
обоих елов |
||
обе - both (f) |
обеих |
||
обе студентки |
обеих студенток |
||
|
Nominative case |
Genitive case |
|
3rd (m) |
третий |
третьего |
|
3rd ( n) |
третье |
третьего |
|
3rd (f) |
третья |
третьей |
|
3rd (pl) |
третие |
третьих |
|
-- ----
NB: AII the rest of the collective numerals follow the formation pattem of
the plural adjectives in the genitive case:
пятеро студентов - пятерых студентов
five students - of five students
Ordinal numerals follow the g?nitive case foпnation pattern of the ad· jectives.
1 . 7. The genitive case of pronouns Pronouns have the following forms in the genitive case. 1 . 7. 1 . Personal pronouns
|
|
|
- |
|
|
Nominative case |
Genitive case |
- |
|
1s1 (m) |
первый |
первого |
- |
|
1 st (f) |
первая |
первой |
- |
|
2nd (m) |
второй |
второго |
|
|
Nominative case |
Genitive case |
|||
Я-1 |
меня-оf me |
|||
ты-уоu |
тебя -ofyou |
|||
OH-he |
его- of him |
|||
oнa-she |
её-оf her |
|||
OHO-it |
его - of it |
|||
МЫ-wе |
нас-оf us |
|||
ВЫ-уоu |
вac-ofyou |
|||
OHИ-they |
иx-ofthem |
|||
32
N. RУВп
RUSSIAN GENIТJVE: JTS FORMS AND USAGE
33
. 7.2.
terrogative pronouns
1 Nominative case |
Ge·1itive case |
кто- wrю |
1 кого - of whom |
что - what |
чего - of what |
чей - whose (m) |
1 чьего - of whose (m) |
|
- |
чья - whose (f) |
чьей - of \Nhose (f) |
|
- |
чье - whose (n) |
чьего - of whose (n) |
1 чьи - wh~se (pl) |
1 чьих - of whose (pl) |
. 7 .4. Personal reflexive pronouns
Genitive case
- ,1in1self/or1eself (,n)
самого - of himself (m)
сама - herself /oneself (f)
самой - of herself (f)
саr.ю - itself (n)
самого - of itself (n)
сами - themselves
самих - of themselves (pl)
1. 7 .5.
ersonal possessive pronouns
