2 Reading

1. Read the text:

Farm machines

Every collective farm has various types of machines that plow the soil, plant the seeds, cultivate the plants, harvest the crops and transport the products harvested.

Soviet collective farmers use tractors (in terms of 15 horsepower units), lorries, different drills, planters and harvesters. At present nearly every branch of agronomy uses specialized harvesters. Thus, we find grain combine harvesters, corn pickers, cotton pickers, tea pickers, fruit pickers, tomato harvesters. For harvesting root and tuber crops there exist various diggers such as potato diggers, carrot diggers, sugar beet diggers, onion diggers, etc.

3 Comprehension check

1. Answer the following questions:

1. What kinds of farm machines do you know?

2. What belongs to the specialized harvesters?

3. Exist various diggers for harvesting root and tuber crops?

2. Complete the sentences:

1) Every branch of agronomy uses ____________.

2) There are various diggers such as______________.

3) ___________ has various types of machines.

4) ______________ use tractors, lorries, different drills, planters and harvesters.

………………………………………………………………………………..

potato diggers, carrot diggers; every collective farm; specialized harvesters; collective farmers.

3. Find English equivalents.

Используются различные экскаваторы, транспортировка выращенной продукции, в настоящее время, отрасли агрономии, сбор урожая.

4. Make singular from plural: Types, diggers, pickers, harvesters, seeds, plants, lorries, drills.

Text 5 Harvesting Machinery

1 Pre – reading tasks:

1. Vocabulary

thresher – молотилка

whereas – в то время как

mechanical corn pickers – механические сборщики кукурузы

a reaping – жатва

a baler – пресс-подборщики

a weed – сорняк

a mower – косилка

a crushers – жатка

a windrower – дробилка

a forage harvester – кормоуборочный комбайн

a brief description – краткое описание

crop Harvesting Machine – машина для сборки урожая

grain Harvesting Machine – зерноуборочная машина

root crop Harvesting Machine – машина для уборки корнеплодов

a digger-picker – экскаватор-сборщик

a stalk – стебель

a husk – шелуха

2 Reading

1. Read the text: Harvesting Machinery

Harvesting machinery or equipment is a mechanical device used for harvesting. There are several types of harvesting machines which are generally classified by crop. Reapers are used for cutting cereal grains, threshers for separating the seed from the plant; whereas corn or maize harvesting is performed by employing a specially designed mechanical device ' mechanical corn pickers.' A typical harvesting machine comprises of a traveling part, a reaping part, and a baler part.

Harvesting machines are also used for controlling the production of weeds. Machines like field choppers, balers, mowers, crushers and windrowers are the common examples of this category. A forage harvester is used for cutting and chopping of almost all silage crops.

Types of Harvesting Machinery

Following is a brief description of major harvesting machines used all around the globe:

• Crop Harvesting Machine: The mechanical device which harvests forage crops cultivated in upland/paddy field and forms roll bale simultaneously was developed, is termed as crop harvesting machinery. It comprises of traveling, reaping and a baler part.

• Grain Harvesting Machine: This machine is used to harvest grains, the edible brans or fruit seeds of a cereal crop.

• Root crop Harvesting Machine: Traditionally root crops are harvested with diggers and digger-pickers. Now a days, several machines are available in the market. Modern sugar-beet harvester is one of the most popular examples of the root crop harvesting machine.

• Threshers: Threshers or threshing machine is used for the separation of grain from stalks and husks.

• Vegetable Harvesting Machine: Nowadays, machines are also available for the harvesting of vegetables. These 'vegetable harvesting machines', are quite common among the global vegetable farmers. Tomato harvesting machine is the most common example of this.