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20)Give an assessment to grant system of science funding in Great Britain.

At the present stage, in the conditions of limited state funding for conducting research in higher education and increasing the financial costs for their conduct (wages, utilities, purchase and maintenance of equipment, office expenses, trips to business trips, publication of scientific papers, participation in conferences, and so on .). The role of grant financing, allocated by various funds, public organizations, is growing. In addition to the financial side, getting support from the grant fund is very prestigious not only for the grantee, but for the organization in which he works. The receipt of financial support confirms the value of ongoing research, as well as credibility and recognition in the scientific community. Writing applications for grants and reporting on the work done is an integral part of the teacher's work in all developed countries. The number of grants received is one of the indicators of both the scientific competence of the teacher and the scientific activity of the university as a whole. This is due to the fact that grants are allocated for sufficiently serious scientific projects that have a fundamental value. So, the grant acts as one of the means to stimulate the scientific growth of teachers, increase their professional skills. This trend is typical not only for Russian practice, but also for foreign ones.

But if the domestic grant system of financing began to take shape in the early 90s of the last century, then abroad it was already sufficiently developed. The founder of the grant system of financing is the United Kingdom, where in 1660 the Royal Society of London was established, whose activity was aimed at supporting science, by providing money for various studies .

21. Compare activity of the international funds Soros and crdf what is the difference between them?

The Open Society Institute (OSI), the Soros Foundation is an international charitable organization founded by financier and philanthropist George Soros. Initiates and supports programs in the field of education, culture and art, health care, civic initiatives that promote the development of ideas and mechanisms of an open society.

The representative offices of the Foundation operate in more than 30 countries. The governing bodies are located in New York and Budapest.

"Soros Foundation - Kazakhstan" exists since September 1995.

The Foundation grants grants for projects in the fields of education, health, culture, democratization and development of civil society.

Since the foundation's inception, more than $ 58 million has been spent on charitable projects.

CRDF Solutions is the result of more than 15 years of CRDF Global's experience in administering research and educational projects in Russia and CIS countries, including the well-known Grant Assistance Program (GAP).

Effective implementation of projects in the field of international scientific cooperation can not be achieved without a creative and flexible approach, the ability to make decisions and get out of difficult situations. That is why it is so important to use the experience and knowledge of professionals in this field.

CRDF Solutions is a professional tool for effective implementation of international research projects. Transparent and reliable management mechanisms allow reducing administration costs and shifting the burden of organizational work from researchers to CRDF Global specialists.

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