- •Комплексное предотвращение и контроль загрязнения окружающей среды
- •КРАТКОЕ СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
- •ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
- •1. ВВЕДЕНИЕ
- •2. КАКИЕ ВОПРОСЫ ИЗ ОБЛАСТИ МОНИТОРИНГА ПОДЛЕЖАТ РАССМОТРЕНИЮ ПРИ ВЫРАБОТКЕ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ РАЗРЕШЕНИЙ
- •2.1. «Зачем» проводится мониторинг?
- •2.2. «Кто» проводит мониторинг?
- •2.3. «Что» и «как» определяется при мониторинге
- •2.5. Временной график проведения мониторинга
- •2.4. «Как» выражаются предельно допустимые выбросы/сбросы и результаты мониторинга
- •2.6. Как учитываются погрешности измерений
- •2.7. Требования в области мониторинга, подлежащие включению в разрешение, наряду с предельно-допустимыми уровнями выбросов и сбросов (ПДВ/ПДС)
- •3. УЧЕТ СУММАРНЫХ ВЫБРОСОВ/СБРОСОВ
- •3.1. Мониторинг неорганизованных выбросов/сбросов
- •3.2. Выбросы и сбросы, осуществляемые в случаях отклонения от нормального технологического режима и в нештатных ситуациях
- •3.2.1. Выбросы и сбросы, осуществляемые в случаях отклонения от нормального технологического режима в предсказуемых условиях
- •3.2.2. Выбросы и сбросы, осуществляемые в нештатных ситуациях в непредвиденных условиях
- •3.3. Величины, лежащие ниже предела обнаружения
- •3.4. Малоправдоподобные данные, подлежащие исключению («выбросы данных»)
- •4. «ЦЕПЬ» ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ДАННЫХ
- •4.1. Сопоставимость и надежность данных по «цепи» получения данных
- •4.2. Этапы в «цепи» получения данных
- •4.2.1. Измерение расхода/количества
- •4.2.2. Пробоотбор
- •4.2.3. Хранение, транспортировка и консервирование проб
- •4.2.4. Пробоподготовка
- •4.2.5. Анализ проб
- •4.2.6. Обработка данных
- •4.2.7. Отчетность
- •4.3. «Цепь» получения данных для различных сред
- •4.3.1. Выбросы [вредных веществ] в атмосферный воздух
- •4.3.2. Сточные воды
- •4.3.3. Отходы
- •5. РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К МОНИТОРИНГУ
- •Прямые измерения
- •Косвенные (маркерные) параметры
- •Метод материального баланса
- •Расчетные методы
- •Коэффициенты выбросов/сбросов (факторы эмиссии)
- •6. ОЦЕНКА СОБЛЮДЕНИЯ ПРИРОДООХРАННЫХ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ
- •7. ОТЧЕТНОСТЬ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ МОНИТОРИНГА
- •7.1. Требования по отчетности и целевые аудитории
- •7.2. Обязанности по подготовке отчетности
- •7.3. Содержание отчета
- •7.4. Типы отчетов
- •7.5. Лучшая практика в области подготовки и представления отчетности
- •7.6. Обеспечение качества
- •8. РАСХОДЫ НА МОНИТОРИНГ ЭМИССИИ
- •9. ЗАКЛЮЧИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАМЕЧАНИЯ
- •Период подготовки [Справочного документа]
- •Анкета по распространенной практике [мониторинга]
- •Источники информации
- •Степень достижения консенсуса
- •Рекомендации на будущее
- •ЛИТЕРАТУРА
- •ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1. ГЛОССАРИЙ ТЕРМИНОВ
- •Приложение 2.1. Таблица стандартов CEN для выбросов загрязняющих веществ в атмосферу
- •Приложение 2.2. Таблица стандартов CEN для сбросов сточных вод в водную среду
- •Приложение 2.3. Таблица стандартов CEN для твердых отходов
- •Приложение 2.4 Таблицы стандартов CEN для осадков сточных вод
- •ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 3. ОБЩЕПРИНЯТЫЕ ЕДИНИЦЫ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ И СИМВОЛЫ
- •ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 4. ПРИМЕРЫ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПОДХОДОВ К ВЕЛИЧИНАМ, НАХОДЯЩИМСЯ НИЖЕ ПРЕДЕЛА ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ (LOD)
- •ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 5. ПРИМЕРЫ ПРИВЕДЕНИЯ ДАННЫХ К НОРМАЛЬНЫМ УСЛОВИЯМ
- •ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 6. ПРИМЕРЫ ОЦЕНКИ ЭМИССИИ В ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ
- •ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 7. ПРИМЕРЫ РАСХОДОВ НА МОНИТОРИНГ ЭМИСИИ
- •A7.1. Примеры из химической промышленности
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
Mon/tm/1 Sampling Facility Requirements for the Monitoring of Particulates in Gaseous Releases to Atmosphere (Technical Guidance Note M1)
Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Pollution English
1993
Mon/tm/2 Monitoring emissions of pollutants at source (Technical Guidance Note M2) Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Pollution
English 1993
Mon/tm/3 Sampling and Analysis of Line (Downstream) and Furnace Emissions to Air for Mineral Wool Processes (Draft version)
EURIMA (European Insulation Manufacturers Association) English
1998
Mon/tm/6 Standards for IPC Monitoring: Part 1 - Standards organisations and the Measurement Infrastructure (Technical Guidance Note M3)
Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Pollution English
1995
Mon/tm/7 Standards for IPC Monitoring: Part 2 -Standards in support of IPC monitoring (Technical Guidance Note M4)
Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Pollution English
1995
Mon/tm/8 Monitoring Industrial Emissions and Wastes UNEP/UNIDO
S.C. Wallin, M.J.Stiff English
1996
Mon/tm/9 Estimation Methods of Industrial Wastewater Pollution in the Meuse Basin International Office for Water
J. Leonard et al. English
1998
Mon/tm/10 Monitoring Water Quality in the Future
113
Ministry of Housing, the Netherlands M.T. Villars
English 1995
Mon/tm/11 Monitoring and Control practices of Emissions in Pulp and Paper Industry in Finland
Finish Environmental Institute, Finland K. Saarinem et al.
English 1998
Mon/tm/13 A review of the Industrial Uses of Continuous Monitoring Systems: Metal Industry Processes
Environment Agency, UK. T.G. Robson and J.Coleman English
1998
Mon/tm/14 Dutch Proposal on the scope of a Reference Document on Monitoring Ministry of Environment, the Netherlands
Lex de Jonge English 1998
Mon/tm/15 Operator Self-Monitoring IMPEL network
Several authors English
1999
Mon/tm/16 German Proposal on a Reference Document on Monitoring UBA
H. J. Hummel English
1998
Mon/tm/17 Finish proposal for the starting point of the work on Monitoring Env. Finish Institute
K. Saarinem et al. English
1998
Mon/tm/18 The Finnish (Nordic) Self-monitoring System Env. Finish Institute
K. Saarinem et al. English
1998
114
Mon/tm/19 Examples On Monitoring At An Integrated Pulp And Paper Plant And A Power Plant
Env. Finish Institute K. Saarinem et al. English
1998
Mon/tm/20 Standards And Method Specific Instructions (Inhouse Methods) Used In Emission Monitoring In Finland
Env. Finish Institute K. Saarinem et al. English
1998
Mon/tm/21 Comments by CEFIC/BAT TWG about Scope and Main Issues of the TWG CEFIC
P.Depret et al. English
1998
Mon/tm/22 UNE-EN ISO 1400. Sistemas de Gestion Medioambiental Especificaciones y Directrices para su Utilizacion.
AENOR
Spanish 1996
Mon/tm/23 ISO 5667 Water qualitySampling (1, 2, 3, 10) ISO
English 1980-1994
Mon/tm/24 ISO 9096 Stationary Source Emissions – Determination of Concentration and mass flow rate of particulate material in gas-carrying ducts - Manual Gravimetric Method.
ISO English 1992
Mon/tm/25 ISO 4226 Air Quality – General Aspects – Units of Measurement ISO
English 1993
Mon/tm/26 ISO 4225 Air Quality – General Aspects – Vocabulary ISO
English 1994
Mon/tm/27 Article BL: Industrial Chemical Exposure: Guidelines For Biological Monitoring Scandinavian Journal Of Work Environment And Health
English
115
Mon/tm/28
Mon/tm/29
Mon/tm/30
Mon/tm/31
Mon/tm/32
Mon/tm/33
1996
Mon/tm/34
Mon/tm/35
Mon/tm/
1994
Article BL: Airport Noise Monitoring -The Benefits Applied To Industrial And Community Noise Measurement
Internoise
Stollery, P. English 1997
Article BL: Acoustic Emission For Industrial Monitoring And Control Sensor And Transducer Conference
Holroyd, T. J. Randall, N. Lin, D. English
1997
Article BL: Long Distance Industrial Noise Impact, Automated Monitoring And Analysis Process
Canadian Acoustics Migneron, J.-G. English
1996
Article BL: Energy Monitoring System Saves Electricity Metallurgia -Manchester Then Redhill
English 1998
Article BL: Sampling And Analysis Of Water - Meeting The Objectives Of The Australian Water Quality Guidelines
Water -Melbourne Then ArtarmonMaher, W. Legras, C., A.
English 1997
Article BL: Summary Of The Niosh Guidelines For Air Sampling And Analytical Method Development And Evaluation Analyst -London-Society Of Public Analysts Then Royal Society Of Chemistry-
Kennedy, E. R. Fischbach, T. J. Song, R. Eller, P. M. Shulman, S. A. English
Article BL: National And International Standards And Guidelines Iea Coal Research -Publications
English 1995
Article BL: Sampling Strategy Guidelines For Contaminated Land Soil And Environment
Ferguson, C. C. English
1993
36 Article BL: Cem Data Acquisition And Handling Systems: Updated
116
Experience Of The Utility Industry
Air And Waste Management Association -Publications-Vip Haberland, J. E.
English 1995
Mon/tm/37 Estimation and Control of Fugitive Emissions from Process Equipment DOW Chemical
J. Van Mil English 1992
Mon/tm/38 Technical Guidance Note (Monitoring) - Routine measurement of gamma ray air kerma rate in the environment
HMIP (UK)
HMIP (UK)
English 1995
Mon/tm/39 Data production chain in monitoring of emissions Finnish Environment Institute (SF)
Saarinen, K. English 1999
Mon/tm/40 Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems for Non-Criteria Pollutants EPA/625/R-97/001. August 1997.
English 1997
Mon/tm/41 Performance Standards for Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems. UK Environment Agency
English 1998
Mon/tm/42 Proposals to extend MCERTS to Manuel Stack Emissions Monitoring UK Environment Agency
English
Mon/tm/43 Manual Measurement of Particulate Emissions. Technical Guidance Note (Monitoring) M10.
UK Environment Agency English
Mon/tm/44 IPPC BAT Reference Document. Monitoring Chemical Industry Contribution Paper. Monitoring/Control of Emissions Uncertainties and Tolerances. CEFIC. Issue n.2-16/7/99
English 1999
Mon/tm/45 IPPC BAT Reference Document. Monitoring Chemical Industry Contribution
117
Paper. Monitoring/Control of Emissions Uncertainties and Tolerances. CEFIC. Issue n.3 - 5/11/99
English 1999
Mon/tm/46 IPPC BAT Reference Document. Monitoring Chemical Industry Contribution Paper. Monitoring/Control of Emissions. The case of Non-Channelled Emissions.
CEFIC. Issue n.2 - 16/7/99 English
1999
Mon/tm/47 Tracer Gas Method for Measuring VOC. Uusimaa Regional Environment Centre English
1999
Mon/tm/48 A DIAL Method to estimate VOC Emissions
TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences, Energy Research and Process Innovation. TNO-MEP - R 98/199
Baas, J.; Gardiner, H.; Weststrate, H. English
1998
Mon/tm/49 CEN: Programme of Work. Water Analysis. CEN. European Committee for Standardisation. 1998
Mon/tm/50 Diffuse and Fugitive Emissions in the Atmosphere. Definitions and Quantification Techniques.
CITEPA Bouscaren, R. English
1999
Mon/tm/52 Emission Estimation Technique Manual for Fugitive Emissions Australian EPA
Australian EPA English
1999
Mon/tm/53 Emission Estimation Technique Manual for Iron & Steel Production Australian EPA
Australian EPA English
1999
Mon/tm/55 Review of Emission and Performance Monitoring of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators
A.J. Chandler & Associates Ltd. (Canada)
118
A.J. Chandler & Associates Ltd. (Canada) English
1992
Mon/tm/56 Dutch Notes on Monitoring of Emissions into Water RIZA (NL)
Dekker, G.P.C.M. (RIZA NL) English
2000
Mon/tm/57 Cost of Monitoring (draft)
CEFIC
CEFIC
English 2000
Mon/tm/58 Odour Regulations in Germany - A New Directive on Odor in Ambient Air Westphalia State Environment Agency (D)
Both, R.
English 2000
Mon/tm/59 Draft EUREACHEM/CITAC Guide - Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement – Second Edition
EURACHEM
EURACHEM English 2000
Mon/tm/60 Monitoring VOC Emissions: Choosing the best option ETSU
ETSU
English 2000
Mon/tm/61 Odour measurement and control - An update AEA Technology (UK)
Hall, D.; Woodfield, M. English
1994
Mon/tm/62 International Guide to Quality in Analytical Chemistry CITAC
CITAC
English 1995
Mon/tm/63 Sampling Systems for Process Analysers VAM "Valid Analytical Measurement"
119
Carr-Brion, K.G.; Clarke, J.R.P. English
1996
Mon/tm/64 Best Practice in Compliance Monitoring IMPEL Network
several authors English
2001
Mon/tm/65 Guidelines on Diffuse VOC Emissions IMPEL Network
several authors English
2000
Mon/tm/66 Outiers, Exceptional Emissions and Values Under the limit of Detection DK
Egmose, K. /HLA English
2001
Mon/tm/67 Monitoring of Total Emissions Including Exceptional Emissions 2001 Finnish Environment Institute
Saarinen, K. English
Mon/tm/68 Ullman’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Ullman’s
English 2000
Mon/tm/69 Monitoring of noise DCMR, the Netherlands English
1999
Mon/tm/70 Monitoring of odour
Project research Amsterdam BV English
1999
Mon/tm/71 Netherlands Emission Regulations Dutch Emissions to Air Board English
2001
Mon/tm/72 Definitions of Monitoring (draft) CEFIC
CEFIC
120
English 2002
Mon/tm/73 Water Sampling for Pollution Regulation Harsham, Keith
HMIP
English 1995
Mon/tm/74 Netherlands Emission Guidelines for Air InfoMil
English 2001
Mon/tm/75 Uniform Practice in monitoring emissions in the Federal Republic of Germany Circular of the Federal Ministry of June 8, 1998 -IG I3-51134/3 - Joint Ministerial Gazzete (GMBI)
English 1998
Mon/tm/77 Swedish background report for the IPPC information exchange on BAT for the refining industry
Swedish Environment Protection Agency English
1999
Mon/tm/78 Tables of standards and definitions CEN/SABE - IPPC Monitoring Team
CEN. European Committee for Standardisation English, (definitions also in French and German) 2002
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