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видо-временные формы англ. глагола.doc
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(Настоящее завершённое время)

Утвердительная форма

I

We

You

They

have V3

I have gone (walked)

We have gone (walked)

You have gone (walked)

They have gone (walked)

She

He

has V3

She has gone (walked)

He has gone (walked)

Отрицательная форма

I

We

You

They

have not (haven’t)

V3

I have not gone (walked)

They haven’t gone (walked)

She

He

has not (hasn’t)

V3

She has not gone (walked)

He hasn’t gone (walked)

Вопросительные конструкции:

Общий вопрос

Альтернативный вопрос

Разделительный вопрос

Специальный вопрос

Have they been to Paris?

Have they been to Paris or Rome?

They have been to Paris, haven’t they?

Why have they been to Paris?

Has Ann visited you?

Has Ann or Mary visited you?

Ann has visited you, hasn’t she?

Who has visited you?

Указатели времени:

ever, just, already, before, never, not ... yet, lately, of late, so far, recently.

NB: Recently в значении not long ago («не так давно») употребляется с глаголом в прошедшем времени (Past Simple).

I started painting only recently.

We met quite recently.

Recently в значении for a short period of time before the present moment (за последнее время) употребляется с глаголом в Present Perfect.

Краткая теоретическая информация

I haven't heard from her recently.

He has made good progress recently.

Have you bought anything new lately?

I haven't had lunch yet.

She hasn't written to me so far.

Just, как правило, употребляется с глаголом в Present Perfect. Just now употребляется с глаголом в Past Simple. Сравните:

I have just heard this news. - I heard the news just now.

She has just been here. - She was here just now.

Present Perfect возможно с обстоятельствами времени, которые обозначают незаконченный период времени (today, this morning, this week, this month, this year, etc). Если период времени окончен, то используется простое прошедшее время (Past Simple).

Did you read the article in "The Times" this morning? (утро закончилось)

I haven't had time to look at the paper today, (сегодняшний день еще не закончился)