pjatnycka
.pdf3.7. ǶǸǫǨǵǟǯǨǾǟȇ ǶǩǹdzǻǫǶǪǻǪǨǵǵȇ ǻǿǨǹǵǰDzǟǪ ǬǟdzǶǪǰǽ, DzǻdzȄǺǻǸǵǰǽ, ǫǸǶǴǨǬǹȄDzǰǽ ǺǨ ǹǷǶǸǺǰǪǵǰǽ ǯǨǽǶǬǟǪ
DzȓȦȟȖȊȭ ȚȍȘȔȭȕȐ: ȏȈȝȖȌȐ (ȭȊȍȕȚȐ), țȟȈșȕȐȒȐ ȌȭȓȖȊȐȝ ȏȈȝȖȌȭȊ, ȒȖȕȜȍȘȍȕȞȭȑ, șȐȔȗȖȏȭțȔȭȊ, «ȒȘțȋȓȐȝ șȚȖȓȭȊ» ȚȖȡȖ, șȗȖȘȚȐȊȕȭ ȉȈȏȐ, ȔȭșȞȍ ȏȔȈȋȈȕȤ, șȚȈȌȭȖȕȐ, ȊȐșȚȈȊȒȐ, ȊȐȌȐ ȝȈȘȟțȊȈȕȕȧ: șȕȭȌȈȕȖȒ, ȓȈȕȟ, ȖȉȭȌ, ȊȍȟȍȘȧ, ȒȈȊȈ-ȗȈțȏȈ (ȉȘȍȑȒ-ȒȈȊȈ), ȉȍȕȒȍȚȐ ȏ ȘȖȏșȈȌȎțȊȈȕȕȧȔ ȭ ȉȍȏ ȘȖȏșȈȌȎțȊȈȕȕȧ, șȚȈȞȭȖȕȈȘȕȭ ȉțȜȍȚȐ, ȜțȘȠȍȚȕȭ șȚȖȓȐ-ȉțȜȍȚȐ, șȗȍȞȭȈȓȭȏȖȊȈȕȭ șȚȖȓȐ-ȉțȜȍȚȐ.
3.7.1. DzȓȈșȐȜȭȒȈȞȭȧ ȚȈ ȏȈȋȈȓȤȕȭ ȊȐȔȖȋȐ ȌȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȭȏȈȞȭȮ ȌȭȓȖȊȐȝ, ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȐȝ, ȋȘȖȔȈȌșȤȒȐȝ ȭ șȗȖȘȚȐȊȕȐȝ ȏȈȝȖȌȭȊ
Ɂɚɯɨɞɢ, ɚɛɨ ɿɜɟɧɬɢ (ɜɿɞ ɚɧɝɥ. event — ɩɨɞɿɹ) ɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɿ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɿʀ ȼ2ɋ ɿ ȼ2ȼ. Ⱦɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ȼ2ɋ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶ: ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɫɜɹɬɚ, ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɿ ɡɦɚɝɚɧɧɹ, ɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɿ, ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɢ ɬɨɳɨ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ, ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɨɜɭ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɭ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɿɸ (ɦɚɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɚ).
Ⱦɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ȼ2ȼ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶ: ɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɢ, ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɿʀ, ɮɨɪɭɦɢ, ɫɢɦɩɨɡɿɭɦɢ, «ɤɪɭɝɥɿ ɫɬɨɥɢ», ɫɟɦɿɧɚɪɢ, ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɿʀ, ɬɪɟɧɿɧɝɢ, ɦɚɣɫɬɟɪ-ɤɥɚɫɢ, ɩɪɟɫ-ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɿʀ ɬɨɳɨ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ, ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɞɿɥɨɜɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ɰɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɡɚɣɦɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɿɜɟɧɬɨɪɢ — ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɿɜɟɧɬɤɨɦɩɚɧɿʀ (ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚ, ɿɜɟɧɬ-ɜɿɞɞɿɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɿ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿɣ). ȼɨɧɢ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɹɸɬɶ, ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɿ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɚɛɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɿɜɟɧɬ-ɩɿɞɪɹɞɧɢɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɟɜɧɿ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ.
ȼɚɠɥɢɜɨɸ ɫɤɥɚɞɨɜɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɽ ɧɚɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿ ɞɿɸɱɿ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɢ, ɤɚɮɟ, ɛɭɮɟɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ, ɬɟɚɬɪɚɯ, ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɭɞɚɯ ɬɨɳɨ. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɡɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɤɟɣɬɟɪɢɧɝɨɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿɹ.
ɍ ɩɟɪɟɪɜɚɯ ɦɿɠ ɡɚɫɿɞɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɞɿɸɱɢɯ ɿ ɜɢɧɨɫɧɢɯ ɛɭɮɟɬɚɯ ɡ ɩɟɜɧɢɦ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɭɫɨɤ, ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɜɢɪɨɛɿɜ, ɜɨɞɢ, ɫɨɤɿɜ ɬɨɳɨ. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɜɚɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɬɚɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤ ɤɚɜɚ-ɩɚɭɡɚ (ɤɚɜɚ-ɛɪɟɣɤ), ɛɿɡɧɟɫ-ɥɚɧɱ, ɩɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ — ɛɟɧɤɟɬɢ ɡ ɪɨɡɫɚɞɠɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ (ɨɛɿɞ, ɱɚɣ, ɜɟɱɟɪɹ) ɿ ɛɟɡ ɪɨɡɫɚɞɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ (ɮɭɪɲɟɬ, ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɶ); ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ, — ɞɟɧɧɿ ɩɪɢɣɨɦɢ: ɛɨɤɚɥ ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ, ɜɢɧɚ.
Ⱦɟɧɧɿ ɩɪɢɣɨɦɢ (ɛɨɤɚɥ ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɛɨɤɚɥ ɜɢɧɚ), ɹɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɨ 12.00 ɿ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ. ɇɚ ɩɪɢɣɨɦɿ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɲɚɦɩɚɧɫɶɤɟ, ɜɢɧɨ, ɫɨɤɢ, ɝɨɪɿɯɢ, ɤɚɧɚɩɟ, ɬɿɫɬɟɱɤɚ. ɇɚɩɨʀ ɿ ɡɚɤɭɫɤɢ ɪɨɡɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɢ, ɩɪɢɣɨɦ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɬɨɹɱɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɢɯ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ ɡ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚɦɢ ɿ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɫɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɿ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɿɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɪɢɣɨɦ-ɫɧɿɞɚɧɨɤ ɡ 8.00 ɞɨ 15.00, ɹɤɢɣ ɬɪɢɜɚɽ ɩɿɜɬɨɪɢ-ɞɜɿ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ. ɉɪɢɣɨɦɨɦ ɤɟɪɭɽ ɜɟɞɭɱɢɣ.
ȼɟɱɿɪɧɿ ɩɪɢɣɨɦɢ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɫɜɹɬɤɨɜɿ. ɉɪɢɣɨɦ-ɤɨɤɬɟɣɥɶ ɚɛɨ ɮɭɪɲɟɬ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɨ 17—18-ɣ ɝɨɞɢɧɿ ɿ ɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨ ɞɜɨɯ ɝɨɞɢɧ. ȼ ɩɟɪɲɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɢ ɪɨɡɧɨɫɹɬɶ ɧɚɩɨʀ ɿ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɿ ɡɚɤɭɫɤɢ, ɭ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ — ɝɨɫɬɿ ɫɚɦɿ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɧɚɤɪɢɬɢɯ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ. ɐɿ ɩɪɢɣɨɦɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɫɬɨɹɱɢ, ɳɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɥɨɜɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɿɜ.
ɉɪɢɣɨɦ-ɨɛɿɞ ɡ ɪɨɡɫɚɞɠɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ (ɛɟɧɤɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɬɨɥɨɦ) ɩɨɱɢɧɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɨ 17—19-ɣ ɝɨɞɢɧɿ ɿ ɬɪɢɜɚɽ 2—3 ɝɨɞɢɧɢ ɣ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ. Ɇɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɜɚ
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ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ: ɜ ɩɟɪɲɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɫɬɪɚɜɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿ ɦɟɧɸ, ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ — ɮɪɭɤɬɢ, ɱɚɣ, ɤɚɜɭ.
ɉɪɢɣɨɦ-ɜɟɱɟɪɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɹɤ ɿ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɜɢɳɟ, ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ — ɨ 20-ɣ ɝɨɞɢɧɿ.
Ɋɨɛɨɬɚ ɿɡ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ, ɚ ɡɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɭ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɿ) ɡ ɤɟɣɬɟɪɢɧɝɨɜɨɸ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿɽɸ ɩɨɱɢɧɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɦɨɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɦɟɬɢ ɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɶ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɚɝɧɟ ɞɨɫɹɝɬɢ ɿ ɜɢɪɿɲɢɬɢ ɡɚɦɨɜɧɢɤ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɿ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ. Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿɽɸ ɿ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ ɪɨɡɪɨɛɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧ. ɋɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɧɸ ɿ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɤɚɜɢ-ɛɪɟɣɤ, ɛɟɧɤɟɬɭ (ɡɚ ɫɬɨɥɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɮɭɪɲɟɬ), ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ. ɍɡɝɨɞɠɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɲɟɧɧɹ, ɫɯɟɦɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɫɰɟɧɢ, ɫɬɨɥɿɜ ɞɥɹ VIP-ɝɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɸ ɞɨ ɫɰɟɧɢ ɡ ɬɢɦ, ɳɨɛ ɜɫɿ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɬɢ ɡɚ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɦɢ ɚɪɬɢɫɬɿɜ. ɍɬɨɱɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɢɡɚɣɧ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɶ, ɮɨɪɦɢ ɪɨɡɫɬɚɜɥɹɧɧɹ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ, ʀɯ ɫɟɪɜɿɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɨɡɫɚɞɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɿɜ.
ɉɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ, ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɱɨʀ ɡɨɧɢ ɡ ɩɿɞɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɨɞɢ, ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɬɨɳɨ.
ɉɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɢ ɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɰɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɟɜɧɟ ɤɨɥɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ: ɦɭɡɢɱɧɨ-ɬɚɧɰɸɜɚɥɶɧɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɭ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶ ɦɭɡɢɱɧɿ ɚɧɫɚɦɛɥɿ, ɨɪɤɟɫɬɪɢ, ɫɨɥɿɫɬɢ, ɬɚɧɰɸɜɚɥɶɧɿ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɢ; ɞɟɤɨɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ — ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɨɪɢ, ɮɥɨɪɢɫɬɢ; ɫɩɟɰɟɮɟɤɬɢ — ɩɿɪɨɬɟɯɧɿɤɢ; ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ — ɤɭɯɚɪɿ, ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɢ ɧɚ ɱɨɥɿ ɿɡ ɡɚɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɟɦ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɦɟɬɪɞɨɬɟɥɟɦ.
3.7.2. ǶȉșȓțȋȖȊțȊȈȕȕȧ ȏȈ ȔȭșȞȍȔ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȧ ȌȭȓȖȊȐȝ, ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȐȝ, ȋȘȖȔȈȌșȤȒȐȝ ȏȈȝȖȌȭȊ
Ʉɨɧɝɪɟɫɢ, ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɿʀ, ɫɢɦɩɨɡɿɭɦɢ, ɫɟɦɿɧɚɪɢ, «ɤɪɭɝɥɿ ɫɬɨɥɢ» ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɥɚɰɚɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ, ɬɟɚɬɪɚɯ, ɛɭɞɢɧɤɚɯ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɢ, ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰ-ɡɚɥɚɯ ɝɨɬɟɥɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɿɜ ɿ ɬ.ɞ.48 Ɂɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɲɢɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɜɢɳɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ʀɯ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɭɦɨɜɧɨ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɭɜɚɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ.
Ⱦɨ ɩɟɪɲɨʀ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɥɚɰɚɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ, ɬɟɚɬɪɚɯ, ɛɭɞɢɧɤɚɯ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɢ ɡɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɸ ɠɢɬɟɥɿɜ ɦɿɫɬɚ. Ȳɯ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶ ɭ ɞɪɭɝɿɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɿ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɨɞɧɿɽɸ ɩɟɪɟɪɜɨɸ ɦɿɠ ɡɚɫɿɞɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɸ 20 ɯɜ. Ɉɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɟɪɟɪɜɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ ɿ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɧɶɨɝɨ.
Ⱦɨ ɞɪɭɝɨʀ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɸ ɿɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɧɿɯ ɞɟɥɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɡ ɞɜɨɦɚ-ɬɪɶɨɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɜɚɦɢ ɦɿɠ ɡɚɫɿɞɚɧɧɹɦɢ.
Ⱦɨ ɬɪɟɬɶɨʀ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɸ ɿɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɧɿɯ ɞɟɥɟɝɚɬɿɜ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɞɧɿɜ.
ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɿ ɩɥɚɧ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ. Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ ɜɢɦɨɝɢ ɞɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭ. ɍ ɛɭɞɢɧɤɚɯ, ɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɿ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɬɢ ɩɿɞɫɨɛɧɿ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ, ɹɤɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɛɭɬɟɪɛɪɨɞɿɜ, ɦɢɬɬɹ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ, ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ-
48 Ɉɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ, ɞɥɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɿɥɨɜɿ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰ-ɡɚɥɚɯ ɝɨɬɟɥɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɯ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɪɨɡɞ. 3.7.4 ɿ 3.8.4.
ǶșȖȉȓȐȊȖșȚȭ ȖȉșȓțȋȖȊțȊȈȕȕȧ ȗȍȊȕȐȝ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȋȍȕȚȭȊ șȗȖȎȐȊȈȟȭȊ ț ȏȈȒȓȈȌȈȝ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȘȭȏȕȐȝ ȚȐȗȭȊ |
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ɩɚɫɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ ɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ. Ɂɜ’ɹɡɨɤ ɦɿɠ ɩɨɦɟɲɤɚɧɧɹɦɢ, ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɚɯ, ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɥɿɮɬɿɜ. ɍ ɜɟɫɬɢɛɸɥɿ, ɯɨɥɚɯ ɚɛɨ ɭ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɥɚɯ ɩɨɪɹɞ ɿɡ ɫɬɚɰɿɨɧɚɪɧɢɦɢ ɛɭɮɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɢɦɱɚɫɨɜɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɬɶ ɮɭɪɲɟɬɧɿ ɫɬɨɥɢ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸ ɞɨ 4 ɦ ɚɛɨ ɨɫɬɪɿɜɧɭ ɪɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɶɧɭ ɥɿɧɿɸ. Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ʀɯ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ.
Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɿɡ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɦ ɝɪɭɩɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ, ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɬɪɢ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ.
ɉɟɪɲɢɣ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ ɜɫɿɦɚ ɫɬɚɰɿɨɧɚɪɧɢɦɢ ɛɭɮɟɬɚɦɢ ɿ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦɢ ɮɭɪɲɟɬɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɨɥɚɦɢ-ɛɭɮɟɬɚɦɢ, ɧɚ ɹɤɢɯ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɦɿɲɚɧɢɣ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬ ɜɢɪɨɛɿɜ: ɛɭɬɟɪɛɪɨɞɢ, ɤɢɫɥɨɦɨɥɨɱɧɿ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ, ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɶɤɿ ɜɢɪɨɛɢ, ɮɪɭɤɬɢ, ɛɟɡɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɿ ɬɚ ɝɚɪɹɱɿ ɧɚɩɨʀ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɣ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɸ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɡɿ ɡɦɿɲɚɧɢɦ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɨɦ, ɚ ɣ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ-ɛɭɮɟɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɝɚɪɹɱɿ ɫɨɫɢɫɤɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɡɚ ɬɪɟɬɿɦ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɨɦ ɤɪɿɦ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ ɡɿ ɡɦɿɲɚɧɢɦ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɜɢɪɨɛɿɜ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɬɚɤɿ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɫɬɨɥɢ (ɛɭɮɟɬɢ), ɹɤ ɱɚɣɧɿ, ɤɚɜɨɜɿ, ɦɨɥɨɱɧɢɣ, ɫɬɨɥɢ ɡ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɫɨɤɿɜ, ɝɚɪɹɱɢɯ ɫɨɫɢɫɨɤ.
ȼɚɠɥɢɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɿɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɪɨɛɿɜ, ɩɨɫɭɞɭ, ɫɬɨɥɨɜɢɯ ɧɚɛɨɪɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɫɬɨɥɭ ɿ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɫɶɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ. ɐɟ ɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɟɝɲɭɽ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ.
Ʉɨɦɿɪɧɢɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɢɯ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɭ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɿɜ (ɛɭɮɟɬɧɢɤɿɜ) ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɽ ɜɟɫɶ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬ ɿɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɸ ɿ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɡ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɿɥ, ɭɤɥɚɞɚɽ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɭ ɬɚɪɭ ɿ ɜɢɞɚɽ ɫɬɚɪɲɨɦɭ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɭ (ɛɭɮɟɬɧɢɤɭ).
ɍ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɠ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɡɚɜɿɞɭɜɚɱ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɜɫɿɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ, ɹɤɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɪɤɭɲɚ.
ɋɬɨɥɢ ɭ ɜɟɫɬɢɛɸɥɿ ɿ ɯɨɥɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɸɬɶ ɡɚɜɱɚɫɧɨ. Ȳɯ ɩɨɤɪɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɫɤɚɬɟɪɬɢɧɚɦɢ, ɹɤ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɧɤɟɬɭ-ɮɭɪɲɟɬɭ.
ɋɟɪɜɿɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɜɢɞɭ. əɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɩɪɢɫɬɿɧɧɨ, ɬɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɽ ɫɟɪɜɿɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ. ɍ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɜɨɞɭ, ɤɢɫɥɨɦɨɥɨɱɧɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɸ, ɮɭɠɟɪɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɸɬɶ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɬɪɢɤɭɬɧɢɤɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɭɡɞɨɜɠ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɢ ɫɬɨɥɭ, ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɨʀ ɞɨ ɫɬɿɧɢ.
Ɇɿɠ ɬɪɢɤɭɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɸɬɶ ɛɥɸɞɚ (ɥɨɬɤɢ), ɜɚɡɢ ɡ ɛɭɬɟɪɛɪɨɞɚɦɢ, ɩɢɪɿɠɤɚɦɢ, ɬɿɫɬɟɱɤɚɦɢ. ɇɚ ɬɨɪɰɹɯ ɫɬɨɥɭ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɨɤɢ, ɩɨ ɤɪɚɸ — ɫɬɨɩɤɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɭɫɨɱɧɿ ɬɚɪɿɥɤɢ, ɜɢɞɟɥɤɢ ɿ ɧɨɠɿ.
əɤɳɨ ɫɬɨɥɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ, ɬɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɽ ɫɟɪɜɿɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɪɢɫ. 3.58). ɉɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɸ ɜ ɩɥɹɲɤɚɯ, ɤɟɥɢɯɢ, ɱɚɪɤɢ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɫɬɨɥɭ ɪɹɞɚɦɢ ɚɛɨ ɹɥɢɧɤɨɸ, ɦɿɠ ɧɢɦɢ — ɜ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɿ ɩɢɪɿɠɤɢ, ɛɭɬɟɪɛɪɨɞɢ, ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɶɤɿ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɜɢɪɨɛɢ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ.
ɋɬɨɥɢ ɡ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɝɚɪɹɱɢɯ ɫɨɫɢɫɨɤ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɸɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɹɯ ɡɚɥɭ ɛɿɥɹ ɫɬɿɧ, ɞɟ ɽ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɢɫɤɨɜɚɪɨɤ, ɹɤɿ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɨɛɧɢɯ ɫɬɨɥɚɯ. ɉɨɪɭɱ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɸɬɶ ɮɭɪɲɟɬɧɿ ɫɬɨɥɢ, ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɛɟɡɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɿ ɧɚɩɨʀ (ɦɿɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɭ ɿ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɭ ɜɨɞɭ), ɫɩɟɰɿʀ (ɩɟɪɟɰɶ, ɫɿɥɶ, ɝɿɪɱɢɰɸ), ɫɬɨɥɨɜɿ ɧɚɛɨɪɢ (ɜɢɞɟɥɤɢ, ɧɨɠɿ). ɉɪɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬ ɤɥɚɞɟ ɧɚ ɬɚɪɿɥɤɭ ɜɿɞɜɚɪɧɿ ɫɨɫɢɫɤɢ, ɯɥɿɛ ɿ ɫɨɥɿɧɧɹ (ɨɝɿɪɤɢ, ɤɨɪɧɿɲɨɧɢ).
ɑɚɣɧɿ, ɤɚɜɨɜɿ ɫɬɨɥɢ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɛɥɢɠɱɟ ɞɨ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɱɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɶ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɨɫɢɬɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɭɞ ɭ ɦɢɣɧɭ, ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɢ ɱɢɫɬɢɣ ɭ ɡɚɥ,
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ǶȘȋȈȕȭȏȈȞȭȧ ȖȉșȓțȋȖȊțȊȈȕȕȧ ț ȏȈȒȓȈȌȈȝ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȘșȚȊȈ |
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ɩɨɩɨɜɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɜɚɪɢ ɨɤɪɨɩɨɦ. Ɋɨɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɥɟɝɲɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɨɞɧɨ- |
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ɪɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ. Ɍɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢ, ɫɚɦɨɜɚɪɢ ɿ ɱɚɣɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɜɚɪɧɿ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɟɦɨɦɭ |
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ɫɬɨɥɿ, ɬɭɬ ɠɟ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɸɬɶ ɱɚɲɤɢ ɡ ɛɥɸɞɰɹɦɢ, ɜɚɡɨɱɤɢ ɡ ɧɚɪɿɡɚɧɢɦ ɥɢɦɨɧɨɦ, ɜɚ- |
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ɡɨɱɤɢ ɚɛɨ ɰɭɤɨɪɧɢɰɿ ɡ ɝɪɭɞɤɨɜɢɦ ɰɭɤɪɨɦ. |
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Ɋɢɫ. 3.58. ɋɟɪɜɿɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɨɥɭ-ɛɭɮɟɬɭ |
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Ⱥɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬ ɜɢɪɨɛɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɣɧɢɯ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ ɞɟɳɨ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ ɡɿ ɡɦɿɲɚɧɢɦ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɨɦ: ɜɢɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɦɨɥɨɱɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɹ, ɦɿɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚ ɿ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɚ ɜɨɞɚ, ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɨ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬ ɿ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɜɢɪɨɛɿɜ. ȼ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɱɚɣɧɿ ɬɚ ɤɚɜɨɜɿ ɫɬɨɥɢ. Ɍɚɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɧɚɡɜɭ «ɤɚɜɚ-ɛɪɟɣɤ» (ɤɚɜɚ-ɩɚɭɡɚ).
ȼɿɞɦɿɧɧɚ ɪɢɫɚ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ ɡ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɤɢɫɥɨɦɨɥɨɱɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜ ɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɢɣ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬ ɤɢɫɥɨɦɨɥɨɱɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɜɢɪɨɛɿɜ, ɮɪɭɤɬɢ.
ȱɧɨɞɿ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɫɬɨɥɚɯ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɭ ɝɥɟɱɢɤɚɯ ɫɨɤɢ (3—4 ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ). ɉɪɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɿ ʀɯ ɩɨɪɰɿɨɧɭɸɬɶ, ɧɚɥɢɜɚɸɱɢ ɭ ɮɭɠɟɪɢ ɚɛɨ ɫɤɥɹɧɤɢ. əɤɳɨ ɜ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɿ ɽ ɬɨɦɚɬɧɢɣ ɫɿɤ, ɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɿɥ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɛɭɬɟɪɛɪɨɞɢ. ȼɫɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɰɿɧɧɢɤɢ.
Ʉɨɠɧɢɣ ɫɬɿɥ ɞɨɜɠɢɧɨɸ 4 ɦ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɢ-ɛɭɮɟɬ- ɧɢɤɢ. Ɉɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɬɚɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɿɛ: ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿ ɩɿɞɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɬɨ- ɥɿɜ-ɛɭɮɟɬɿɜ, ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɛɢɪɚɸɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɜɢ, ɧɚɩɨʀ, ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɶɤɿ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɜɢɪɨɛɢ ɿ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɨɦ-ɛɭɮɟɬɧɢɤɨɦ. Ƚɚɪɹɱɿ ɫɨɫɢɫɤɢ ɜɚɪɢɬɶ ɿ ɜɿɞɩɭɫɤɚɽ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬ-ɛɭɮɟɬɧɢɤ, ɹɤɢɣ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɽ ɫɬɿɥ-ɛɭɮɟɬ ɡ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɫɨɫɢɫɨɤ. Ɉɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɢ ɫɥɿɞɤɭɸɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɥɚɯ, ɡɚɛɢɪɚɸɬɶ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɭɞ, ɩɨɩɨɜɧɸɸɬɶ ɫɬɨɥɢ-ɛɭɮɟɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɽɸ ɿ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɦ.
ǶșȖȉȓȐȊȖșȚȭ ȖȉșȓțȋȖȊțȊȈȕȕȧ ȗȍȊȕȐȝ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȋȍȕȚȭȊ șȗȖȎȐȊȈȟȭȊ ț ȏȈȒȓȈȌȈȝ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȘȭȏȕȐȝ ȚȐȗȭȊ |
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ɋɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬ ɝɪɭɩɢ, ɹɤɚ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɽ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɿɥ, ɩɿɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɿɧɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɡɞɚɽ ɝɪɨɲɿ, ɿɧɜɟɧɬɚɪ, ɩɨɫɭɞɿ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɭ ɛɿɥɢɡɧɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɢɦɨɫɨɛɚɦ.
Ʉɪɿɦ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ-ɛɭɮɟɬɿɜ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɜɢɧɨɫɧɿ ɛɭɮɟɬɧɿ ɫɬɿɣɤɢ, ɹɤɿ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɽ ɛɭɮɟɬɧɢɤ, ɳɨ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɭɽ ɜɢɳɟɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɸ. əɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɫɭɞ.
3.7.3. ǶȉșȓțȋȖȊțȊȈȕȕȧ țȟȈșȕȐȒȭȊ ȏȈȝȖȌȭȊ șȕȭȌȈȕȒȈȔȐ, ȖȉȭȌȈȔȐ, ȊȍȟȍȘȧȔȐ
ɍɱɚɫɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɦɟɲɤɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɝɨɬɟɥɹɯ, ɫɧɿɞɚɸɬɶ ɭ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɝɨɬɟɥɹɯ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɧɿ ɜɨɧɢ ɨɩɥɚɱɭɸɬɶ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ ɫɧɿɞɚɧɤɭ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɬɨɪɢ ɞɿɥɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɿ ɨɛɿɞɚɦɢ. Ɂɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɰɟ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ: ɭ ɮɨɪɦɿ «ɲɜɟɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɥɭ» ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɿɞɜɟɞɟɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɞɨɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɞɿɸɱɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɦɢ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɿɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ ɨɛɿɞɭ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɲɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɜɨɧɢ ɡɚɡɞɚɥɟɝɿɞɶ ɨɩɥɚɱɭɸɬɶ ɜɫɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɿ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɨɸ ɞɿɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ. ȼ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ, ɹɤɳɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɣ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨɫɬɿ, ɚɛɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫɚɯ ɞɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɡ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɽ ɞɨɦɨɜɥɟɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɡɧɚɱɧɨʀ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɸɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɿ ɨɛɿɞɢ ɜ ɞɜɨɯ-ɬɪɶɨɯ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɚɯ.
1. |
ɉɟɪɲɢɣ |
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Ⱦɪɭɝɢɣ |
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Ɍɪɟɬɿɣ |
ɒɢɧɤɚ ɡ ɝɚɪɧɿɪɨɦ |
Ƚɚɥɚɧɬɢɧ |
Ȼɚɥɢɤ ɞɚɪɧɢɰɶɤɢɣ ɡ ɦɚɪɢɧɨ- |
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Ʉɚɩɭɫɧɹɤ ɡɚɩɨɪɨɡɶɤɢɣ |
2. |
Ȼɨɪɳ ɡɟɥɟɧɢɣ |
ɜɚɧɢɦɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɚɦɢ |
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3. |
Ȼɢɬɤɢ ɩɨ-ɞɧɿɩɪɨɩɟɬɪɨɜɫɶɤɢ |
3. |
ɉɟɱɟɧɹ ɩɨ-ɞɨɦɚɲɧɶɨɦɭ |
2. |
Ȼɭɥɶɣɨɧ ɤɭɪɹɱɢɣ ɡ ɞɨɦɚɲ- |
ɧɶɨɸ ɥɨɤɲɢɧɨɸ |
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ɡɿ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɦ ɝɚɪɧɿɪɨɦ |
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3. |
ȿɫɤɚɥɨɩ ɡ ɝɚɪɧɿɪɨɦ |
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ɋɚɦɛɭɤ ɹɛɥɭɱɧɢɣ |
4. |
əɛɥɭɤɨ ɜ ɫɢɪɨɩɿ |
4. |
Ɇɭɫ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɢɣ |
5. |
ȼɨɞɚ ɦɿɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚ |
5. |
ȼɨɞɚ ɦɿɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚ |
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ɏɥɿɛ |
6. |
ɏɥɿɛ |
6. |
ɏɥɿɛ |
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ɉɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɿ ɞɨ ɡɚɥɭ ɝɨɫɬɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɨɡɧɚɣɨɦɢɬɢɫɹ ɡ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɚɜ, ɳɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɿɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɢɯ ɨɛɿɞɿɜ. Ɋɚɡɨɦ ɿɡ ɦɟɧɸ ɩɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɜɢɜɿɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɡɚɥɭ ɿɡ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɡɨɧ ɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ʀɦ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɿɜ ɫɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɨɛɿɞɿɜ.
Ɉɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɢ ɪɨɛɥɹɬɶ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɳɨ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɛɟɡɝɨɬɿɜɤɨɜɢɦ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɦ, ɚɛɨ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɿɧɰɿ, ɹɤɳɨ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɡ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɨɦ (ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɝɨɬɿɜɤɨɸ).
Ɉɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɧɚɪɚɞ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɢɦɢ ɫɧɿɞɚɧɤɚɦɢ ɿ ɜɟɱɟɪɹɦɢ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɭ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɝɨɬɟɥɹɯ, ɨɛɿɞɚɦɢ — ɜ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɚɯ, ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ.
Ɋɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 25—30 ɯɜ. ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɧɚɪɚɞ ɫɧɿɞɚɧɤɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 40 ɯɜ. — ɨɛɿɞɚɦɢ.
ȼɟɱɟɪɹɸɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɢ ɞɿɥɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɝɨɬɟɥɿ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɩɟɪɲɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ʀɦ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɩɨɧɨɜɚɧɿ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɿ ɜɟɱɟɪɿ.
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ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɸ ɞɿɥɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɛɟɧɤɟɬɢ (ɨɛɿɞɢ, ɜɟɱɟɪɿ) ɡ ɪɨɡɫɚɞɠɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ (ɛɟɧɤɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɬɨɥɨɦ) ɚɛɨ ɛɟɡ ɪɨɡɫɚɞɠɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɮɭɪɲɟɬ)49. ɉɥɨɳɚ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɧɤɟɬɭ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɧɨɪɦɢ ɩɥɨɳɿ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɨɫɨɛɭ ɿ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ. ɉɪɢ ɛɟɧɤɟɬɚɯ ɡ ɪɨɡɫɚɞɠɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɩɥɨɳɿ — 1,6 ɦ2, ɩɪɢ ɮɭɪɲɟɬɚɯ ɦɨɠɟ ɤɨɥɢɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɧɢɯ ɦɟɠɚɯ — ɜɿɞ 0,6 ɞɨ 1,2 ɦ2 ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɨɫɨɛɭ. ɐɟ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɬɢɫɹ ɛɿɥɶɲɨɸ ɱɢ ɦɟɧɲɨɸ ɩɥɨɳɟɸ ɿ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɨɸ ɛɟɧɤɟɬɭ (ɡɿ ɫɰɟɧɨɸ, ɬɚɧɰɸɜɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɦɚɣɞɚɧɱɢɤɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɛɟɡ ɧɢɯ). ɑɢɦ ɛɿɥɶɲɚ ɩɥɨɳɚ, ɬɢɦ ɡɪɭɱɧɿɲɟ ɩɨɱɭɜɚɽ ɫɟɛɟ ɹɤ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ.
Ɋɨɡɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ ɭ ɡɚɥɿ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞ ɣɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ, ɩɨɛɚɠɚɧɶ ɡɚɦɨɜɧɢɤɚ. Ʉɪɭɝɥɿ ɫɬɨɥɢ ɪɨɡɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɹɦɨɤɭɬɧɿ — ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɱɢ ɫɬɢɤɭɸɬɶ. Ɇɿɠ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɪɨɡɪɢɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɭ, ɳɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽ ɡɪɭɱɧɨɫɬɿ ɹɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ.
Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɬɚɤɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɪɨɡɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɬɨɥɿɜ: ɚɦɮɿɬɟɚɬɪɨɦ, ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ ɫɰɟɧɢ, ɥɿɬɟɪɚɦɢ «ɉ», «Ɍ», «ɒ», ɜ ɲɚɯɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, «ɹɥɢɧɤɨɸ», ɩɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ ɡɚɥɭ.
Ɉɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɛɟɧɤɟɬɭ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɿ ɜ ɪɨɡɞ. 2.2.
3.7.4. ǶȘȋȈȕȭȏȈȞȭȧ ȝȈȘȟțȊȈȕȕȧ ȕȈ ȊȐșȚȈȊȒȈȝ ȚȈ ȧȘȔȈȘȒȈȝ50
Ɋɨɛɨɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ, ɳɨɛ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɟ ɨɯɨɩɥɟɧɧɹ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɫɿɯ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿɜ ɬɚ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨ-ɹɪɦɚɪɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ. ȼɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɸ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿɜ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɨɸ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɟɸ ɩɪɢɞɿɥɹɥɢ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɡɚ ɜɫɿɯ ɱɚɫɿɜ, ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɜɨɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɿɞɞɚɥɟɧɚ ɜɿɞ ɦɿɫɶɤɨʀ ɦɟɪɟɠɿ (ɞɨɞɚɬɨɤ 31).
Ɂɧɚɱɧɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɭ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿɜ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢʀɠɞɠɿ, ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɹɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɬɚɰɿɨɧɚɪɧɭ ɦɟɪɟɠɭ ɡ ɦɿɫɰɹɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɢɧɨɫɧɭ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɭ ɦɟɪɟɠɭ. ȼɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɦɚɬɢ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɚɯ, ʀɞɚɥɶɧɹɯ ɿ ɤɿɨɫɤɚɯ ɨɛɿɞɧɿ ɬɚ ɩɨɪɰɿɣɧɿ ɫɬɪɚɜɢ, ɝɚɪɹɱɿ ɿ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɿ ɡɚɤɭɫɤɢ, ɛɭɬɟɪɛɪɨɞɢ, ɦɨɥɨɱɧɿ, ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɿ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ, ɩɢɜɨ, ɤɚɜɭ, ɜɨɞɢ, ɦɨɪɨɡɢɜɨ ɬɨɳɨ. Ⱦɨ ɚɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɫɬɚɰɿɨɧɚɪɧɨʀ ɦɟɪɟɠɿ ɡ ɦɿɫɰɹɦɢ ɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɢ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɫɬɪɚɜɢ.
Ɉɤɪɟɦɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɱɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɬɚ ɹɪɦɚɪɤɚɯ, — ɲɨɤɨɥɚɞ, ɰɭɤɟɪɤɢ, ɩɟɱɢɜɨ, ɦɚɸɬɶ ɜɢɬɨɧɱɟɧɭ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɭ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɭ ɡɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɸ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ. Ⱦɟɹɤɿ ɟɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɬɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɱɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɤɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞɚɯ, ɫɩɪɢɹɸɱɢ ɬɢɦ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɰɿ ɜ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɡɚɤɭɫɨɤ ɿɡ ɩɬɢɰɿ ɜ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɿ «ɉɬɚɯɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ».
ȼɢɧɨɫɧɚ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɹ ɜɨɞɚɦɢ, ɮɪɭɤɬɚɦɢ, ɦɨɪɨɡɢɜɨɦ, ɯɥɿɛɨɛɭɥɨɱɧɢɦɢ ɜɢɪɨɛɚɦɢ, ɛɭɬɟɪɛɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɥɨɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɬɚɰɶ. Ⱦɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿɜ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɡɚɥɭɱɚɬɢɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɫɹ ɦɟɪɟɠɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ, ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɩɨɛɥɢɡɭ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ.
Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɛɭɬɨɜɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɛɭɜɚɽ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɿɹ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ (ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ʀʀ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɿɜ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ,
49«4 ɫɟɡɨɧɚ ɢɜɟɧɬɨɪɚ». Ʉɚɪɦɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. — Ʉ., ɂɡɞ. ɁȺɈ «ɐɟɧɬɪ ɚɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ», 2008, ɫ. 35.
50Ɍɚɦ ɫɚɦɨ.
ǶșȖȉȓȐȊȖșȚȭ ȖȉșȓțȋȖȊțȊȈȕȕȧ ȗȍȊȕȐȝ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȋȍȕȚȭȊ șȗȖȎȐȊȈȟȭȊ ț ȏȈȒȓȈȌȈȝ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȘȭȏȕȐȝ ȚȐȗȭȊ |
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ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɬɨɳɨ) ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨ-ɹɪɦɚɪɤɨɜɿ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ. ɇɚ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɽ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɿɡ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɿɜ ɩɪɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɧɤɭ. ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɤɥɚɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨ-ɹɪɦɚɪɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɿʀ ɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɭ UFI 1995 ɪɨɤɭ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɬɚ ɹɪɦɚɪɤɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɪɹɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ «ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɟ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ» ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɤɥɚɫɭ Ȼ (ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɿ ɡɚɯɨɞɢ) ɝɪɭɩɢ 251. ɇɚɡɜɭ ɰɿɽʀ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɜɢɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɿʀ: «ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɧɚɩɨʀ, ɬɸɬɸɧ, ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɟ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ʀɯ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ».
Ɉɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɞɿɥɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɛɚɝɚɬɨ ɭɜɚɝɢ ɿ ɧɚ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ. əɫɤɪɚɜɢɦ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɽ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɱɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɚ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ «EXPO2000» ɜ Ƚɚɧɧɨɜɟɪɿ (ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɬɪɢɜɚɜ 12 ɪɨɤɿɜ). Ȼɭɥɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɿ ɩ’ɹɬɶ «ɤɿɥ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɿ», ɹɤɿ ɨɯɨɩɢɥɢ ɜɫɸ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɇɿɦɟɱɱɢɧɢ:
—1-ɲɟ ɤɨɥɨ: ɦɨɞɟɪɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɚɟɪɨɩɨɪɬɢ, ɜɨɤɡɚɥɢ, ɡɚɥɿɡɧɢɰɿ, ɝɨɬɟɥɿ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɿɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɦɿɫɬɚ, ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɲɢɦɢ ɡɭɫɬɪɿɱɚɥɢ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ;
—2-ɝɟ ɤɨɥɨ: ɧɨɜɿ ɬɚ ɨɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɝɨɬɟɥɿ, ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ, ɚɜɬɨɫɬɨɹɧɤɢ, ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɫɟɪɜɿɫɭ, ɩɚɪɤɢ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɭ;
—3-ɬɽ ɤɨɥɨ: ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɹ;
—4-ɬɟ ɤɨɥɨ: ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɜɿɫɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɦɟɪɟɠɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɿɜ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ;
—5-ɬɟ ɤɨɥɨ: ɦɿɫɰɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɫɭɩɭɬɧɿɯ ɞɨ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ: ɩɪɟɫɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɿɣ, ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɤɪɚʀɧ-ɭɱɚɫɧɢɰɶ, ɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɿɜ, ɞɢɫɤɭɫɿɣ, ɮɨɪɭɦɿɜ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢ ɬɨɳɨ.
ȼɫɿ ɛɟɡ ɜɢɧɹɬɤɭ ɤɨɥɚ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɿɱɧɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɪɿɜɧɹɯ.
ȯ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ, ɤɨɥɢ ɦɟɪɟɠɭ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɰɿ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ 22 ɡɚɤɥɚɞɢ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɩɨɧɭɜɚɥɢ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɚɦ ɫɬɪɚɜɢ ɡ ɤɭɯɨɧɶ ɨɞɪɚɡɭ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɿɜ ɫɜɿɬɭ: ɞɚɜɧɶɨɪɭɫɶɤɨʀ, ɛɚɲɤɢɪɫɶɤɨʀ, ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɶɤɨʀ, ɹɩɨɧɫɶɤɨʀ, ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɬɨɳɨ. ȿɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɟɪɟɠɿ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ, ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɨɸ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɦɢɧɭɥɢɯ ɪɨɤɿɜ, ɫɩɨɧɭɤɚɥɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɬɨɪɿɜ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɬɢ ɛɿɥɶɲ ɠɨɪɫɬɤɿ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿʀ ɜɿɞɛɨɪɭ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɟɧɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿɜ. ɇɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ɨɞɧɿɽɸ ɡ ɭɦɨɜ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɭ ɧɚ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɭ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɰɿ ɛɭɥɚ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɛɨɪɝɨɜɚɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɛɨɪɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɦ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɨɦ.
ȱɫɬɨɬɧɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɽ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɿ, ɫɨɰɿɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɿ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿʀ, ɦɟɧɬɚɥɿɬɟɬ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿɜ, ɤɨɥɨɪɢɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɜ ɬɨɳɨ. Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɚ-ɹɪɦɚɪɨɤ «Ɂɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɬɢɠɞɟɧɶ», ɹɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɳɨɪɨɤɭ ɜ Ȼɟɪɥɿɧɿ, ɽ ɬɢɩɨɜɢɦ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɤɭɯɧɿ ɜ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɫɭɫɩɿɥɶɫɬɜɿ.
Ɉɞɧɿɽɸ ɡ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɬɚ ɹɪɦɚɪɤɿɜ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɿʀ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨ-ɹɪɦɚɪɤɨɜɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ52 ɽ «…ɡɚ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɝɪɨɦɚɞɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɿ ɹɪɦɚɪɤɿɜ…»
51ɍɫɶɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫ Ȼ ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɭɽ 13 ɝɪɭɩ.
52ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɄɆɍ ɜɿɞ 22 ɫɟɪɩɧɹ 2007 ɪ. ʋ 1065.
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ɉɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɨɤ, ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɨɜɚɧɿ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬɢ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ, ɡɨɫɟɪɟɞɠɟɧɿ ɡɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɚɥɶɧɨɸ (ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ) ɬɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨɸ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɸ (ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ).
ɉɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɽ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɿɡ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɿɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨ-ɹɪɦɚɪɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ.
ɉɨɫɥɭɝɢ ɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɧɚɞɚɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿɹɦɢ — ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨ-ɹɪɦɚɪɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ, ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɦɢ, ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɢɦɢ ɤɟɣɬɟɪɢɧɝɨɜɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿɹɦɢ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɦɨɠɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɿɥɶɣɨɧɭ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɡɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɦɟɠɚɦɢ.
ȼ ɩɟɪɲɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɫɬɚɰɿɨɧɚɪɧɿ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɢ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ — ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɢ, ɤɚɮɟ, ɤɚɮɟɬɟɪɿʀ, ɛɭɮɟɬɢ ɬɨɳɨ ɚɛɨ ɦɟɪɟɠɭ ɦɨɛɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ (ɩɟɪɟɫɭɜɧɢɯ, ɡɿ ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɧɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ), ɹɤɿ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨʀ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ. ȼ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɩɨɡɚ ɦɟɠɚɦɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɜɿɥɶɣɨɧɭ, ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɭɸɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɢ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɿɞ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɢɦ ɧɟɛɨɦ ɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɢ, ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɿ ɜ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɿɨɧɚɪɧɢɯ ɡɛɿɪɧɨ-ɪɨɡɛɿɪɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹɯ.
Ɉɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɿɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ — ɟɤɫɩɪɟɫ-ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɤɟɣɬɟɪɢɧɝɨɜɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿɣ.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɤɟɣɬɟɪɢɧɝɨɜɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿɹɦɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ:
—ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɭɪɨɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ: ɝɚɥɚ-ɛɟɧɤɟɬɢ, ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɧɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ, — ɜɿɞ 500 ɞɨ 3000 ɨɫɿɛ;
—ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɞɿɥɨɜɨʀ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ: ɤɚɜɚɛɪɟɣɤɢ, ɥɚɧɱɿ, ɨɛɿɞɢ, ɮɭɪɲɟɬɢ ɬɨɳɨ;
—ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞɚɯ ɟɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ: ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɫɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɪɚɰɿɨɧɿɜ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞɢ ɜ ɬɟɪɦɨɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɯ;
—ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ;
—ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ (ɲɬɚɬɧɢɯ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɤɨɦ- ɩɚɧɿʀ-ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɬɨɪɚ, ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ, ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿɣ-ɭɱɚɫɧɢɰɶ);
—ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɿɣ.
ɇɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɭɝɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɿ ɜɢʀɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ — Cash Catering, ɹɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚɽ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɜɢʀɡɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɮɟ (ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɭ) ɭ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɿ free-flow ɡ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɦ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿɜ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ. Ɂɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɣ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɟ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɟ ɩɿɞ ɤɚɮɟ, ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɤɭɯɧɹ ɡɚɣɦɚɽ ɦɿɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɿɪ. ɐɟ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɪɨɡɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɝɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɿɣ ɩɥɨɳɿ.
ȼɚɪɬɨ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɨɡɚ ɦɟɠɚɦɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿɣ-ɟɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɪɢʀɠɞɠɢɯ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿɜ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɜ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɯ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɦɨɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɚɛɨ ɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɨ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɪɚɰɿɨɧɭ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɝɪɭɩ (ɡɚɡɜɢɱɚɣ ɫɧɿɞɚɧɨɤ ɿ ɜɟɱɟɪɹ — ɧɚɩɿɜɩɚɧɫɿɨɧ). ɏɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɨɛɿɞɭ ɩɨɡɚ ɦɟɠɚɦɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɽ ɧɟɡɪɭɱɧɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿɜ, ɬɨɦɭ ɳɨ ɜɿɞɜɨɥɿɤɚɽ ʀɯ ɜɿɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨʀ ɦɟɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɧɧɹ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɥɚɧɭɜɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɫɬɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɿɜ, ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɞɚɽ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ
ǶșȖȉȓȐȊȖșȚȭ ȖȉșȓțȋȖȊțȊȈȕȕȧ ȗȍȊȕȐȝ ȒȖȕȚȐȕȋȍȕȚȭȊ șȗȖȎȐȊȈȟȭȊ ț ȏȈȒȓȈȌȈȝ ȘȍșȚȖȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖșȗȖȌȈȘșȚȊȈ ȘȭȏȕȐȝ ȚȐȗȭȊ |
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ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ʀɯ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ʉɪɭɧɬɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɩ’ɹɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɡɨɧ, ɨɞɧɿɽɸ ɡ ɹɤɢɯ ɽ ɡɨɧɚ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ (ɪɢɫ. 3.59).
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Ɋɢɫ. 3.59. Ɂɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ
Ɂɝɿɞɧɨ ɡ ɦɿɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɟɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ ɬɚ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɚɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɿʀ Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɚɫɨɰɿɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɞɭɫɬɪɿʀ (UFI), ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ ɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ53.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɫɬɟɧɞɭ ɦɨɠɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɡɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɨɝɨ ɦɿɫɰɹ (ɤɭɯɧɿ, ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɬɨɱɤɚ) ɭ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɿ. Ⱦɥɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ, ɹɤɟ ɭɦɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɩɨɞɿɥɢɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɟ ɬɚ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɟ.
Ⱦɨ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ: ɛɚɪɧɚ ɫɬɿɣɤɚ (ɹɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɪɢɪɿɜɧɟɜɚ)54, ɦɢɣɤɚ, ɦɿɧɿɤɭɯɧɹ55, ɤɚɜɨɜɚɪɤɚ, ɱɚɣɧɢɤ, ɫɥɚɣɫɟɪ, ɤɭɯɨɧɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɛɚɣɧ, ɦɿɤɫɟɪ, ɛɥɟɧɞɟɪ ɬɨɳɨ.
ɍɧɿɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɽ: ɫɬɿɥ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɧɧɹ ʀɠɿ, ɫɬɿɥ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ʀɠɿ (ɿɧɤɨɥɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬ), ɫɬɿɥɶɰɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ56.
Ɉɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞɿ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɦɢ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɢɬɢ ɱɚɫ ɬɚ ɤɨɲɬɢ, ɫɩɪɢɹɽ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɸ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɜ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ. Ɇɨɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɟɫɤɥɚɞɧɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɜ, ɧɚɩɨʀɜ, ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɫɚɧɿɬɚɪɧɨʀ ɨɛɪɨɛɤɢ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɫɬɟɧɞɭ ɩɨɥɟɝɲɭɽ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɭ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɧɿɣ ɡɨɧɿ ɫɬɟɧɞɭ. ɇɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞɿ ɦɢɣɤɢ ɡ ɝɚɪɹɱɨɸ ɜɨɞɨɸ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɫɭɞ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɪɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ (ɩɨɪɰɟɥɹɧɨɜɢɣ, ɮɚɹɧɫɨɜɢɣ, ɫɤɥɹɧɢɣ, ɤɪɢɲɬɚɥɟɜɢɣ ɬɨɳɨ). Ɉɛɥɚɲɬɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɢɣ ɤɭɬɨɱɨɤ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɨɡɢ-
53ȼɫɿ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɨɞɿɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿ, ɚɞɦɿɧɿɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɿ, ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨ-ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɿ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɿ ɬɚ ɛɚɠɚɧɿ.
54Ɉɞɢɧ ɿɡ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɿɜ — ɜɟɪɯɧɹ ɩɨɥɢɱɤɚ ɦɚɽ ɲɢɪɢɧɭ 0,5 ɦ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɣ ɫɬɿɥ ɿ ɧɢɠɧɹ ɩɨɥɢɱɤɚ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɸ 1 ɦ, ɜɢɫɨɬɚ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɚ — 1,2 ɦ, ɫɬɿɥ — 1ɦ, ɩɨɥɢɱɤɚ — ɧɚ 0,75 ɦ ɜɿɞ ɩɿɞɥɨɝɢ. Ⱦɨɫɢɬɶ ɜɞɚɥɟ ɩɨɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɰɿɧɢ, ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɲɜɢɞɤɨɫɬɿ ɡɛɢɪɚɧɧɹ.
55Ɇɿɧɿɤɭɯɧɹ, ɹɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ, ɛɨɣɥɟɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɿɞɿɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɨɞɢ ɬɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɦ (ɜ ɿɞɟɚɥɿ — ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɥɢɬɤɨɸ ɬɚ ɦɿɤɪɨɯɜɢɥɶɨɜɨɸ ɩɿɱɱɸ). Ⱦɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɩɨɽɞɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɿ ɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɢ ɡ ɩɨɜɧɢɦ ɰɢɤɥɨɦ ɨɛɪɨɛɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɤɭɯɧɿ.
56Ɇɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɹɤ ɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɿ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɛɚɪɧɿ.
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ɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɧɿɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɫɬɟɧɞɭ ɜ ɰɿɥɨɦɭ, ɩɨɥɟɝɲɭɽ ɬɚ ɩɪɢɫɤɨɪɸɽ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɩɪɢɛɢɪɚɧɧɹ, ɩɿɞɜɢɳɭɽ ɣɨɝɨ ɹɤɿɫɬɶ. ɋɥɿɞ ɜɿɞɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞɿ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɟɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ ɭ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɿɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɿ. ȼ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɫɬɪɟɫɭ ɬɚ ɧɚɞɦɿɪɧɢɯ ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɶ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɢɣ ɤɭɬɨɱɨɤ ɽ ɬɢɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ, ɞɟ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɱɢɬɢ, ɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɬɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɿ ɫɢɥɢ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɰɟɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ, ɳɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɱɟɪɝɭ ɫɩɪɢɹɽ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɸ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɿ ʀɯ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɬɚ ɧɚɥɚɲɬɨɜɭɽ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɥɚɞ.
Ɂɜɢɱɚɣɧɨ, ɱɥɟɧɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɬɢɫɹ ɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɢ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɿ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɥɿɞ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ, ɳɨ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬɭ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɨɛɭɦɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɬɚ ɝɪɚɮɿɤɨɦ ɜɢɯɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ57. ɐɹ ɝɪɭɩɚ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɽ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɨɜɧɨɰɿɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɿɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ (ɜɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɜɫɶɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɿɧɭ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɢ) ɬɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɸɱɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɰɿ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɟɪɟɪɜ.
ȼɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨ-ɹɪɦɚɪɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ — ɰɟ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɹɤɿ ɧɟɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ58 ɬɚ ɦɚɸɬɶ, ɹɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɪɚɡɨɜɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɯɚɪɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɛɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ). ɐɟ ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɿ ɪɚɡɨɜɿ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿ. ȼ ɨɤɪɟɦɭ ɝɪɭɩɭ ɫɥɿɞ ɜɢɞɿɥɢɬɢ ɬɢɯ, ɯɬɨ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɽ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɪɚɡɨɜɨ (ɞɜɚ ɚɛɨ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ ɪɚɡɿɜ).
ɇɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɽ ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɚɧɚɥɿɜ ɡɛɭɬɭ (ʀɯ ɤɿɥɶɤɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨʀ ɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɿ) ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɰɶɤɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɦ ɿ, ɹɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɹ ɱɟɪɝ (ɜ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɿɡ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ) ɚɛɨ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɟ ɨɱɿɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɜ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɡ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɚɦɢ). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨʀ ɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɸɱɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɬɚ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ, ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɨɛɫɹɝɿɜ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɦɨɠɟ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɤɚɧɚɥɿɜ ɡɛɭɬɭ (ɪɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɟɧɶ, ɛɚɪɧɢɯ ɫɬɿɣɨɤ, ɨɮɿɰɿɚɧɬɿɜ, ɤɚɫɢɪɿɜ). Ⱦɨɰɿɥɶɧɢɦ ɽ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɨɡɝɚɥɭɠɟɧɨʀ ɦɟɪɟɠɿ ɡ ɬɢɦ, ɳɨɛ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱ ɦɿɝ ɩɪɢɞɛɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɸ ɡ ɦɿɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɡɭɫɢɥɥɹɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɸ ɭɦɨɜɨɸ ɨɩɬɢɦɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɽ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɿɠ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨ- ɜɭɸɱɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ, ɹɤ ɫɭɦɚɪɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚ ɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɚɧɚɥɿɜ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɡɚɥɿɜ.
ɋɩɨɠɢɜɚɱ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɢ ɡɚɞɨɜɨɥɟɧɧɹ ɹɤ ɜɿɞ ɫɬɪɚɜ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɜɿɞ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɭ ɩɨɫɥɭɝ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɞɟɧɧɨʀ ɱɢɫɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬɭ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɿɜ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɰɿ ɫɥɿɞ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɢ:
— ɱɢɫɟɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɞɧɹ (ɱɥɟɧɢ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨʀ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢ, ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɰɬɜɨ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿʀ);
57Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɪɚɮɿɤ ɜɢɯɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ: ɞɟɧɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɧɶ ɚɛɨ ɞɜɚ ɞɧɿ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɜɚ. ɋɩɪɢɹɽ ɜɿɞɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɸ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɥ ɬɚ ɩɪɚɰɟɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɭɽ ɜɢɩɪɚɰɶɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɭ ɞɨ ɤɿɧɰɹ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɨɞɭ.
58Ɂɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɶ ɛɿɥɶɲɿɫɬɶ ɜɿɞɜɿɞɭɜɚɱɿɜ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɬɚ ɹɪɦɚɪɤɿɜ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɜɢɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɨʀ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ 3,5 — 4 ɝɨɞɢɧɢ.